cobbler 的詞源
cobbler(n.1)
14世紀晚期(13世紀晚期在姓氏和地名中出現), cobelere “修補鞋子的人”,起源不明。它和 cobble(v.)“在詞源上顯然是一起的”[OED],但歷史記錄存在一些困難。 “鞋匠應該專注於他的本行”(ne sutor ultra crepidam)來自希臘畫家阿佩萊斯的軼事。
On one occasion a cobbler noticed a fault in the painting of a shoe, and remarking upon it to a person standing by, passed on. As soon as the man was out of sight Apelles came from his hiding-place, examined the painting, found that the cobbler's criticism was just, and at once corrected the error. ... The cobbler came by again and soon discovered that the fault he had pointed out had been remedied; and, emboldened by the success of his criticism, began to express his opinion pretty freely about the painting of the leg! This was too much for the patience of the artist, who rushed from his hiding place and told the cobbler to stick to his shoes. [William Edward Winks, "Lives of Illustrious Shoemakers," London, 1883]
有一次,一個鞋匠注意到一隻鞋的繪畫有缺陷,並向旁邊的人評論了一下,然後離開了。當那個人看不見時,阿佩萊斯從他的藏身之處出來,檢查了繪畫,發現鞋匠的批評是正確的,立即糾正了錯誤。...鞋匠又經過了,很快發現他指出的錯誤已經得到了糾正; 並且,在他的批評獲得成功的鼓舞下,開始自由地表達他對腿部繪畫的看法!這對藝術家的耐心來說太過分了,他從藏身之處衝出來,告訴鞋匠 stick to his shoes。[威廉·愛德華·溫克斯,“著名鞋匠的生活”,倫敦,1883年]
[這個故事有不同的版本,引用的語錄也有不同的報道:普林尼(“自然史”XXXV.x.36)有 ne supra crepidam judicaret,而瓦萊裏烏斯·馬克西姆斯(VIII.xiii.3)則給出 supra plantam ascendere vetuit。這裏引用的版本承認是爲了書名]
cobbler(n.2)
1854年。《1859年美國俚語詞典》將其定義為「一種餡餅,烘焙在用厚厚麵團襯裡的鍋中,上面放著水果。」而《1842年廚師自選食譜》則將cobbler定義為「僅一面烤焦的麵包。」這可能與14世紀的cobeler「木碗或木盤」有關,雖然其起源不明,或者僅僅是因為其形狀讓人聯想到cobblestone(鵝卵石)。
早期的cobbler還指一種夏季長飲,通常由葡萄酒或利口酒、碎冰和水果片製成(1809年,華盛頓·歐文)。這有時被認為是cobbler's punch的縮寫,但該詞直到1847年才被證實。
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cobbler 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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