Cangin languages
Group of Senegambian languages spoken in Senegal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Cangin (/ˈtʃæŋɪn/) languages are spoken by 200,000 people (as of 2007) in a small area east of Dakar, Senegal. They are the languages spoken by the Serer people who do not speak the Serer language (Serer-Sine). Because the people are ethnically Serer, the Cangin languages are commonly thought to be dialects of the Serer language. However, they are not closely related; Serer is closer to Fulani than it is to Cangin.
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (March 2013) |
| Cangin | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Senegal, the Gambia |
| Ethnicity | Serer |
| Linguistic classification | Niger–Congo?
|
| Proto-language | Proto-Cangin |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | cang1245 |
Languages
The Cangin languages are:
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Lehar and Noon are particularly close, as are Ndut and Palor, though not quite to the point of easy intelligibility. Safen is transparently closer to Lehar–Noon than to Palor–Ndut.
Reconstruction
Summarize
Perspective
Merrill (2018: 451) reconstructs Proto-Cangin as follows.[1]
| gloss | Proto-Cangin | Noon | Lehar | Safen | Ndut | Palor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eye | *ɣi̟d/ɣad | has | kuu-koas | has | i̟l | ’i̟l |
| tongue | *pe-ɗem | peɗim p- | pi̟ri̟m | peɗem | pereem | pereem |
| eat | *ñam | ñam | ñam | ñaam | ñam | ñam |
| breast | *ɓi̟iɓ | ɓi̟iɓ | ɓi̟iɓ | (w)ɓip | ɓi̟iɓ | ɓi̟iɓ |
| four | *nixiid | nikiis | nikis | iniil | iniil | |
| dog | *ɓuh | ɓu̟u | ɓuh f- | ɓuh f- | ɓux f- | |
| intestine | *loox | look | look | rook | loo | loo |
| wing | *paɓ | paɓ | paɓ | (d)pab | pap | |
| cow | *-noɣ | enoh f- | enoh | ’inoh | fana f- | fana’ f- |
| blow = nose | *ñii̟nd | ñii̟d-uk | ñii̟d-uk | ñii̟d~ñii̟n | ||
| pound | *hoɗ | oɗ | oɗ | ’oɗ | xoɗ | |
| jaw | *kaɓaɓ ? | kaaɓ ‘cheek’ | kaɓaɓ k- | kabaap | ||
| new | *has | as | as | ’as | has | xas |
| see | *ɣot | hot | hot | hot | ot~ol- | od~ol- |
| swallow | *hon | on | on | ’on | (d)hon | xon |
| bury | *hac | ac | ac | ’ac | hac | xac |
| bear child | *li̟m | li̟m | li̟m | (w)rim | li̟m | |
| dance | *ɣam | ham | ham | |||
| hold in teeth | *ŋaɓ | ŋaaɓ | ŋaɓ | ŋaɓ | ŋaɓ | |
| year | *kV-(h)id̟ | kii̟s k- | kii̟s | kiis k- | kii̟l | kii̟l |
| tree | *ki-rik | kedik k- | kedek | kiɗig k- | kilik | kilik k- |
| bird | *sel | sel | sel | sel | ||
| bury | *hu̟umb | u̟ub~u̟um | uumb | |||
| be able | *mi̟n | mi̟n | min | mi̟n | min | |
| resemble | *mand | mad~man | man | mad~man | mad~man | |
| be short | *luH- | looƴ (lohoƴ) | looƴ | (s)rohoƴ | (d)luh | lux |
| leaf/bark | *huɓ | to̟oɓ t-, oɓ | po̟o | (w)’op | huɓ | |
| sun | *noɣ | noh | noh | noh | (d)na’ | na’ |
| ear | *nuf | nof | nof | (w)noef | nuf | nuf |
| head | *ɣaf | haf | haf | haf | ’af | ’af |
| liver | *keeñ | keeñ | keeñ | keeñ k- | (d)keeñ | |
| star | *Hul | hol | ol | hor | hul | xul |
| rain | *toɓ | toɓ | toɓ | toɓ | tooɓ | |
| pestle | *kuɗ | koɗ k- | koɗ | kuɗ k- | kuɗ k- | |
| goat | *pe | pe’ f- | peɗ | peh f- | pe f- | pe f- |
| cloth/rag | *lii̟l | lii̟l | lii̟l | lii̟l | lii̟l | |
| baobab | *ɓoɣ | ɓoh | ɓoh | ɓoh | ɓa | ɓa’ |
| finger | *kun | jokun j- | jokon | ndukun | kun | kun |
| sneeze | *ti̟s | tes | ti̟s | (s)tisoh | (d)ti̟s | ti̟s |
| ant | *ñii̟ñ | ñii̟ñ | ñii̟ñ | ñiñoh f- | (d)ñii̟ñ f- | ñii̟n f- |
| rear/raise | *koɗ | koɗ | koɗ | koɗ | kod | |
| honey | *kV-(C)u̟m | ku̟um k- | ku̟um | (d)ku̟um k- | ku̟um k- | |
| horse | *panis̟ | pen̟is̟ f- | pan̟is̟ | panis | pan̟is̟ f- | |
| causative | *-iɗ̟ | -iɗ̟ | -iɗ̟ | -iɗ | -iɗ̟ | -iɗ̟ |
| anticausative | *-ox | -uk | -ok | -uk | -oh | -ox |
| reversive | *-i̟s | -i̟s | -i̟s | -is | -i̟s | -i̟s |
| negative | *-ɗii | -ɗii | -ɗi |
See also
- Serer language
- List of Proto-Cangin reconstructions (Wiktionary)
Footnotes
References
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