Gules

The term gules derives from the Middle English goules, which itself is an Old French word meaning "neckpiece made of red fur". Goules is derived from the Old French gole or guele, both of which mean "throat", which are ultimately derived from the Latin gula, also meaning "throat". Gules is similar to the English word gullet.^[1][2] A. C. Fox-Davies states that the term originates from the Persian word گل gol, meaning "rose",^[3] but according to Brault there is no evidence to support this derivation.^[4]

The modern French spelling of the tincture is gueules. Both gules and rojo are used for red in Spanish heraldry. In Portugal, red is known as vermelho, and in Germany the colour is called rot. In Dutch heraldry, the tincture is called keel.

The different tinctures are traditionally associated with particular heavenly bodies, precious stones, virtues, and flowers, although these associations have been mostly disregarded by serious heraldists.^[5] Gules is associated with:

• Of jewels, the ruby^[6]

• Of heavenly bodies, Mars^[6]

• Of virtues, Courage^{[citation needed]}

Gules is the most widely used heraldic tincture. Through the sixteenth century, nearly half of all noble coats of arms in Poland had a field gules with one or more argent charges on them.^{[citation needed]}

Examples of coats of arms consisting of purely a red shield (blazoned gules plain) include those of the d'Albret family, the Rossi family, the Swiss canton of Schwyz (prior to 1815), and the old coats of arms of the cities of Nîmes and Montpellier.

• 
  The Plantagenet coat of arms, gules three lions passants guardants or, origin of the Royal Arms of England^[7]
• 
  Coat of arms of the House of Savoy, gules a cross argent^[8]
• 
  The Royal Arms of Scotland Or a lion rampant Gules within a double tressure flory-counter-flory of the second^[9]
• 
  Coat of arms of Schwyz (stained glass, 1573), gules plain; the Juliusbanner with the Arma Christi inset is held by one of the supporters.
• 
  The Austrian Bindenschild, gules a fess argent, originally the Babenberg coat of arms. Below the Bindenschild is a small coat of arms of the city of Vienna, gules a cross argent ^[10]
• 
  Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Poland, Gules, an eagle argent, crowned or^[11]
• 
  Coat of arms of French Maison d'Albret. Gueules plain by contemporary heraldic artist Dario Scaricamazza.

• Polish heraldry
• Cinnabar
• Murrey
• Sinople