Heneicosane
Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heneicosane is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)19CH3. It is the straight chain, saturated C21 hydrocarbon. It is a white wax.
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Henicosane | |
| Other names
n-Heneicosane | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 1748500 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.010.109 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C21H44 | |
| Molar mass | 296.583 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Waxy solid |
| Density | 0.7919 g mL−1 |
| Melting point | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F; 313.6 K) |
| Boiling point | 356.10 °C; 672.98 °F; 629.25 K |
| 2.9·10−11 g/L | |
| log P | 10.65 |
| Vapor pressure | 8.73·10−5 mm Hg |
Henry's law constant (kH) |
120 atm·m3/mole |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.4441 |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 113 °C (235 °F; 386 K) |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Natural occurrence
Heneicosane is used as a pheromone by the queen or king termites in the species Reticulitermes flavipes.[1] It also attracts mosquitoes in the genus Aedes and can be used in mosquito baits.[2] This works in nature as the hydrocarbon is produced in the skin of the larva. A 1:100000 fraction in water is the most attractive, but if the concentration is 1:1000 then mosquitoes are repelled instead.[3] Heneicosane is one of the major components of the safflower flower essential oil (Carthamus tinctorius).[4] All parts of the plant Periploca laevigata contain heneicosane.[5] Rosa damascena flower essential oil contains 5% heneicosane.[6] Sambucus nigra contains 2.3%.
References
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