Khorasani Kurds

Deportations of Kurds from present-day Turkish Kurdistan and South Caucasus to Khorasan were initiated by Ismail I and continued under Tahmasp I in the early 16th century. A further 45,000 Kurdish families were deported from 1598 to 1601. In the following decades, five Kurdish domains were established in Khorasan by Abbas the Great stretching from Astarabad to Chenaran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Kurds from Ardalan and those already deported to Khorasan were settled in Gilan Province.^[7]

The main reason behind the deportations was the desire to create a defense-line against Turkmen and Uzbek nomads from Central Asia.^[8]

Khorasani Kurds have interacted with nearby Khorasani Turkic and Turkmen tribes. Some works of the most famous Khorasani Kurdish poet, Ja'far Qoli, of late 19th century, were modelled on the 18th-century Turkmen ashik Magtymguly's verses and also Khorasani Turkic verses.^[9]

Khorasani Kurdish is a dialect of Kurmanji and lacks distinct sub-dialects.^[6] It is influenced by Persian, Khorasani Turkic, and Turkmen languages.^[10] Two of the four major Khorasani Kurdish tribes, Zafaranlu and Shadlu, mainly speak Khorasani Turkic.^[6]

Major Kurdish tribes of Khorasan are Za'faranlu, Shadlu, Keyvanlu, and Sheikh Amarlu.^[10][6]

According to Abbasali Madih, Kurdish tribes in Khorasan include the Amar, Baçvan, Badlan, Berivan, Bicervan, Çapeş, Davan, Hamazkan, Izan, Keyvan, Mamyan, Mastyan, Mozdegan, Palokan, Qaçkan (or Qoch-quyunlu), Qarabash, Qaraçur, Qaraman, Reşwan, Rudkan, Sevkan, Silsepuran, Şad, Şeyhkan, Şirvan, Torosan, Tukan, Topkan, Zafaran, Zangalan, Zaraqkan, Zardkan and Zeydan.^[11] However, several tribes such as Qaramanlu and Silsepuranlu or Silsüpür ('sweep-clean' in Turkic) are of Turkoman origins.^[12] Some tribes are mixed with the nearby Khorasani Turks and experience confusion of identity.^[6]

Other tribes include the Lak in Kalat and Darragaz who still speak Laki.^[13]

• Kurds in Afghanistan
• Kurds of Central Anatolia
• Kurds in Iran
• A Modern History of the Kurds by David McDowall