[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/
AI tools

List of cervids

Species in mammal family Cervidae From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of cervids

Cervidae is a family of hoofed ruminant mammals in the order Artiodactyla. A member of this family is called a deer or a cervid. They are widespread throughout North and South America, Europe, and Asia, and are found in a wide variety of biomes. Cervids range in size from the 60 cm (24 in) long and 32 cm (13 in) tall pudú to the 3.4 m (11.2 ft) long and 3.4 m (11.2 ft) tall moose. Most species do not have population estimates, though the roe deer has a population size of approximately 15 million, while several are considered endangered or critically endangered with populations as low as 200. One species, Père David's deer, is extinct in the wild, and one, Schomburgk's deer, went extinct in 1938.

Thumb
Five cervid species (clockwise from top left): the red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

The fifty-five species of Cervidae are split into nineteen genera within two subfamilies: Capreolinae (New World deer) and Cervinae (Old World deer). Extinct species have also been placed into Capreolinae and Cervinae. More than one hundred extinct Cervidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]

Conventions

Quick Facts Conservation status, EX ...
IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (1 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (1 species)
 CR Critically endangered (2 species)
 EN Endangered (6 species)
 VU Vulnerable (16 species)
 NT Near threatened (4 species)
 LC Least concern (16 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (9 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)
Close

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the cervid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Classification

Summarize
Perspective

The family Cervidae consists of 55 extant species belonging to 19 genera in 2 subfamilies and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Additionally, one species, Schomburgk's deer, went extinct in 1938.[2] The classification is based on the molecular phylogeny.[3][4][5]

Cervidae

Cervids

Summarize
Perspective

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.[3][4][5] This includes merging the two moose species of Alces into one, splitting out the monotypic Panolia genus from Rucervus, combining the monotypic subfamily Hydropotinae with Capreolinae. There are several additional proposals which are disputed, such as addition of the fair brocket to the Mazama genus, which are not included here.[6][7]

Subfamily Capreolinae

Main article: Capreolinae

Tribe Alceini

Main article: Alceini
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Alces – Gray, 1821 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Moose

Thumb

 A. alces
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nine subspecies
  • A. a. alces (European elk)
  • A. a. americanus (Eastern moose)
  • A. a. andersoni (Western moose)
  • A. a. buturlini (Chukotka elk)
  • A. a. caucasicus (Caucasian moose)†
  • A. a. cameloides (Ussuri elk)
  • A. a. gigas (Alaskan moose)
  • A. a. pfizenmayeri (Yakutia elk)
  • A. a. shirasi (Shiras' moose)
North America, Europe, and Asia
Thumb		 Size: 230–340 cm (91–134 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail; up to 230 cm (91 in) tall at shoulder[8]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[9]

Diet: Vegetative parts of trees, as well as shrubs, herbs, and aquatic plants[9]		  LC 


2,000,000[9][10] Population increasing[9]
Close

Tribe Capreolini

Main article: Capreolini
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Capreolus – Gray, 1821 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Roe deer

Thumb

 C. capreolus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Four subspecies
  • C. c. canus
  • C. c. capreolus
  • C. c. caucasicus
  • C. c. italicus
Europe
Thumb		 Size: 104–124 cm (41–49 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1–1 in) tail; 66–84 cm (26–33 in) tall at shoulder[11]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[12]

Diet: Wide variety of plants[12][11]		  LC 


15,000,000 Population increasing[12]

Siberian roe deer

Thumb

 C. pygargus
(Pallas, 1771)

Four subspecies
  • C. p. bedfordi
  • C. p. mantschuricus
  • C. p. ochraceus
  • C. p. pygargus
Central and northeastern Asia Size: 95–140 cm (37–55 in) long, plus 20–40 cm (8–16 in) tail; 65–95 cm (26–37 in) tall at shoulder[13]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[14]

Diet: Grasses[14]		  LC 


Unknown Population declining[14]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Hydropotes – R. Swinhoe, 1870 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Water deer

Thumb

 H. inermis
Swinhoe, 1870

Two subspecies
  • H. i. argyropus (Korean water deer)
  • H. i. inermis (Chinese water deer)
East China and Korean peninsula Size: 89–103 cm (35–41 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail; 45–57 cm (18–22 in) tall at shoulder[15]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, and intertidal marine[16]

Diet: Reeds, coarse grasses, vegetables, and beets[16][17]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[16]
Close

Tribe Odocoileini

Main article: Odocoileini
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Blastocerus – Wagner, 1844 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Marsh deer

Thumb

 B. dichotomus
(Illiger, 1815)		 Scattered parts of central South America (former range in red)
Thumb		 Size: 153–191 cm (60–75 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail; 110–127 cm (43–50 in) tall at shoulder[18]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and inland wetlands[19]

Diet: Grasses, reeds and aquatic plants, as well as shrubs and vines[19]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[19]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Hippocamelus – Leuckart, 1816 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
South Andean deer

Thumb

 H. bisulcus
(Molina, 1782)		 Southern Andes mountains
Thumb		 Size: 144–156 cm (57–61 in) long, plus 12–13 cm (5–5 in) tail; 80–90 cm (31–35 in) tall at shoulder[20]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, rocky areas, and desert[21]

Diet: Varied range of grasses and other plants[21]		  EN 


1,000–1,500 Population declining[21]

Taruca

Thumb

 H. antisensis
(d'Orbigny, 1834)		 Andes mountains
Thumb		 Size: 69–77 cm (27–30 in) tall at shoulder[22]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and other[23]

Diet: Sedges and grasses[22][23]		  VU 


4,200–5,700 Population declining[23]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Mazama – Rafinesque, 1817 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amazonian brown brocket

Thumb

 M. nemorivaga
(F. Cuvier, 1817)		 Northern and central South America
Thumb		 Size: 75–100 cm (30–39 in) long, plus 6–11 cm (2–4 in) tail; 50 cm (20 in) tall at shoulder[24]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[25]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves and shoots[24]		  LC 


Unknown Population declining[25]

Central American red brocket

Thumb

 M. temama
(Kerr, 1792)

Three subspecies
  • M. t. cerasina
  • M. t. reperticia
  • M. t. temama
Central America
Thumb		 Size: 80–110 cm (31–43 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail; 60–70 cm (24–28 in) tall at shoulder[24]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[26]

Diet: Fruit, as well as seeds, grass, shoots, vines, and sometimes crops such as beans[24]		  DD 


Unknown Population declining[26]

Dwarf brocket


M. chunyi
Hershkovitz, 1959		 Central Andes mountains
Thumb		 Size: About 70 cm (28 in) long; about 38 cm (15 in) tall at shoulder[27]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[28]

Diet: Fruit and shrubs[28]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[28]

Gray brocket

Thumb

 M. gouazoubira
(Fischer von Waldheim, 1814)

Eleven subspecies
  • M. g. cita
  • M. g. gouazoubira
  • M. g. medemi
  • M. g. mexianae
  • M. g. murelia
  • M. g. nemorivaga
  • M. g. permira
  • M. g. sanctaemartae
  • M. g. rondoni
  • M. g. superciliaris
  • M. g. tschudii
Eastern South America
Thumb		 Size: 85–105 cm (33–41 in) long[24]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and inland wetlands[29]

Diet: Wide variety of plants as well as fruit[29]		  LC 


Unknown Population declining[29]

Little red brocket

Thumb

 M. rufina
(Bourcier, Pucheran, 1852)		 Northern Andes mountains
Thumb		 Size: About 78 cm (31 in) long, plus 8 cm (3 in) tail; about 45 cm (18 in) tall at shoulder[30]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[31]

Diet: Herbs as well as other plants[31]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[31]

Mérida brocket


M. bricenii
Thomas, 1908		 Northern Andes mountains
Thumb		 Size: 80–95 cm (31–37 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail; 45–50 cm (18–20 in) tall at shoulder[24]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas[32]

Diet: Fruit and shrubs[32]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[32]

Pygmy brocket

Thumb

 M. nana
(Hensel, 1872)		 Southeastern South America (possible range in yellow)
Thumb		 Size: About 78 cm (31 in) long, plus 8 cm (3 in) tail; less than 50 cm (20 in) tall at shoulder[30]

Habitat: Forest[33]

Diet: Unknown[24][33]		  VU 


Unknown Unknown[33]

Red brocket

Thumb

 M. americana
(Erxleben, 1777)

Twelve subspecies
  • M. a. americana
  • M. a. carrikeri
  • M. a. gualea
  • M. a. jucunda
  • M. a. rosii
  • M. a. rufa
  • M. a. sarae
  • M. a. sheila
  • M. a. trinitatis
  • M. a. whitelyi
  • M. a. zamora
  • M. a. zetta
Northern and central South America
Thumb		 Size: 103–146 cm (41–57 in) long, plus 8–15 cm (3–6 in) tail; 65–80 cm (26–31 in) tall at shoulder[34]

Habitat: Forest[35]

Diet: Fruit and shrubs[35]		  DD 


Unknown Unknown[35]

Small red brocket

Thumb

 M. bororo
Duarte, 1996		 Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil (possible range in yellow)
Thumb		 Size: 85 cm (33 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail; 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tall at shoulder[24]

Habitat: Forest[36]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and sprouts[24]		  VU 


8,500 Population declining[36]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Odocoileus – Rafinesque, 1832 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Mule deer

Thumb

 O. hemionus
(Rafinesque, 1817)

Ten subspecies
  • O. h. californicus (California mule deer)
  • O. h. cerrosensis (Cedros Island mule deer)
  • O. h. columbianus (Black-tailed deer)
  • O. h. eremicus (desert mule deer)
  • O. h. fuliginatus (southern mule deer)
  • O. h. hemionus (Rocky Mountain mule deer)
  • O. h. inyoensis (Inyo mule deer)
  • O. h. peninsulae (peninsular mule deer)
  • O. h. sheldoni (Tiburon Island mule deer)
  • O. h. sitkensis (Sitka deer)
Western North America
Thumb		 Size: 152–203 cm (60–80 in) long; 80–106 cm (31–42 in) tall at shoulder[37]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, desert, and intertidal marine[38]

Diet: Leaves, twigs, acorns, legume seeds, and fleshy fruits[37][38]		  LC 


Unknown Population steady[38]

Yucatan brown brocket

Thumb

 O. pandora
(Merriam, 1901)		 Yucatán Peninsula
Thumb		 Size: About 105 cm (41 in) long, plus 8 cm (3 in) tail[39]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[40]

Diet: Fruit, as well as other plants[24]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[40]

White-tailed deer

Thumb

 O. virginianus
(Rafinesque, 1832)

38 subspecies
  • O. v. acapulcensis
  • O. v. borealis (northern white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. cariacou
  • O. v. carminis (Carmen Mountains white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. chiriquensis
  • O. v. clavium (Key deer)
  • O. v. couesi (Coues' white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. curassavicus
  • O. v. dacotensis (Dakota white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. goudotii
  • O. v. gymnotis (South American white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. hiltonensis (Hilton Head white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. leucurus (Columbian white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. macrourus (Kansas white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. margaritae
  • O. v. mcilhennyi (Avery Island white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. mexicanus
  • O. v. miquihuanensis
  • O. v. nelsoni
  • O. v. nemoralis (Nicaraguan white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. nigribarbis (Blackbeard Island white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. oaxacensis
  • O. v. ochrourus (northwestern white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. osceola (Florida coastal white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. peruvianus (South American white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. rothschildi
  • O. v. seminolus (Florida white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. sinaloae
  • O. v. taurinsulae (Bulls Island white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. texanus (Texas white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. thomasi
  • O. v. toltecus
  • O. v. tropicalis
  • O. v. ustus
  • O. v. venatorius (Hunting Island white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. veraecrucis
  • O. v. virginianus (Virginia white-tailed deer)
  • O. v. yucatanensis
North America and northern South America
Thumb		 Size: 150–200 cm (59–79 in) long, plus 10–28 cm (4–11 in) tail[41]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, desert, neritic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[42]

Diet: Wide variety of vegetation and grasses[42]		  LC 


Unknown Population steady[42]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Ozotoceros – Ameghino, 1891 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Pampas deer

Thumb

 O. bezoarticus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Five subspecies
  • O. b. arerunguaensis
  • O. b. bezoarticus
  • O. b. celer
  • O. b. leucogaster
  • O. b. uruguayensis
Scattered central South America
Thumb		 Size: 110–140 cm (43–55 in) long; 70–75 cm (28–30 in) tall at shoulder[43]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands[44]

Diet: Grasses and shrubs[43][44]		  NT 


20,000–80,000 Population declining[44]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Pudu – Gray, 1852 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Northern pudú


P. mephistophiles
(Winton, 1896)		 Northern Andes mountains
Thumb		 Size: 60–85 cm (24–33 in) long plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail; 32–35 cm (13–14 in) tall at shoulder[45][46]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[47]

Diet: Leaves of ferns, trees, vines, herbs and shrubs[47][48]		  DD 


Unknown Population declining[47]

Southern pudú

Thumb

 P. puda
(Molina, 1782)		 Southern Andes mountains
Thumb		 Size: 60–85 cm (24–33 in) long plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail; 35–45 cm (14–18 in) tall at shoulder[45][46]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[49]

Diet: Leaves of ferns, trees, vines, herbs and shrubs[48][49]		  NT 


Unknown Population declining[49]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Rangifer – H. Smith, 1827 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Reindeer

Thumb

 R. tarandus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Fourteen subspecies
 Arctic North America, Europe, and Asia
Thumb		 Size: 150–230 cm (59–91 in) long; up to 120 cm (47 in) tall at shoulder[50]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[51]

Diet: Lichen, forbs, sedges, grasses, and shrubs[51]		  VU 


2,890,000 Population declining[51]
Close

Subfamily Cervinae

Main article: Cervinae

Tribe Muntiacini

Main article: Muntiacini
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Elaphodus – H. Milne-Edwards, 1872 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Tufted deer

Thumb

 E. cephalophus
H. Milne-Edwards, 1872

Four subspecies
  • E. c. cephalophus
  • E. c. fociensis
  • E. c. ichangensis
  • E. c. michianus
Central China and northeastern Myanmar Size: 110–160 cm (43–63 in) long, plus 7–16 cm (3–6 in) tail; 50–70 cm (20–28 in) tall at shoulder[52]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[53]

Diet: Grass, as well as shrubs, fruits, bamboo, and herbs[53]		  NT 


Unknown Population declining[53]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Muntiacus – Rafinesque, 1815 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bornean yellow muntjac


M. atherodes
Groves, Grubb, 1982		 Borneo Size: 90–100 cm (35–39 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail; 65 cm (26 in) tall at shoulder[54][55]

Habitat: Forest[56]

Diet: Herbs, seeds, grass, buds, leaves, and fruit[54]		  NT 


Unknown Population declining[56]

Fea's muntjac

Thumb

 M. feae
(Thomas, Doria, 1889)		 Southern Myanmar and Thailand
Thumb		 Size: 90–100 cm (35–39 in) long, plus 10–17 cm (4–7 in) tail; 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tall at shoulder[54]

Habitat: Forest[57]

Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as grass and shoots[54]		  DD 


Unknown Unknown[57]

Giant muntjac


M. vuquangensis
(Tuoc, Dung, Dawson, Arctander, & Mackinnon, 1994)		 Northern Vietnam and Laos
Thumb		 Size: 110–115 cm (43–45 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail; 65–70 cm (26–28 in) tall at shoulder[54]

Habitat: Forest[58]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[54]		  CR 


Unknown Population declining[58]

Gongshan muntjac


M. gongshanensis
Ma, 1990		 South-central China
Thumb		 Size: 95–105 cm (37–41 in) long, plus 9–16 cm (4–6 in) tail; 55–57 cm (22–22 in) tall at shoulder[59]

Habitat: Forest[60]

Diet: Unknown[54][60]		  DD 


Unknown Population declining[60]

Hairy-fronted muntjac

Thumb

 M. crinifrons
(P. L. Sclater, 1885)		 Southeastern China Size: 98–113 cm (39–44 in) long, plus 21 cm (8 in) tail[61]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[62]

Diet: Wide variety of tree leaves and twigs, forbs, grass, and fruit[62]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[62]

Leaf muntjac


M. putaoensis
Amato, Egan & Rabinowitz, 1999		 Myanmar Size: 77–83 cm (30–33 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail; 50 cm (20 in) tall at shoulder[63]

Habitat: Forest[64]

Diet: Fruit and a range of plant materials[64]		  DD 


Unknown Population declining[64]

Northern red muntjac

Thumb

 M. vaginalis
(Boddaert, 1785)		 Southern and Southeast Asia Size: 89–135 cm (35–53 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail; 40–65 cm (16–26 in) tall at shoulder[65]

Habitat: Forest[66]

Diet: Fruit, buds, tender leaves, flowers, herbs, and young grass[66]		  LC 


Unknown Population declining[66]

Pu Hoat muntjac


M. puhoatensis
Trai, 1997		 Vietnam Size: Small and similar to the Truong Son muntjac, but specific measurements not available[54]

Habitat: Forest[67]

Diet: Unknown[54][67]		  DD 


Unknown Unknown[67]

Reeves's muntjac

Thumb

 M. reevesi
(Ogilby, 1839)

Three subspecies
  • M. r. jiangkouensis
  • M. r. micrurus
  • M. r. reevesi
Eastern China; introduced to Britain and Japan Size: 70–113 cm (28–44 in) long, plus 10 cm (4 in) tail; 43–45 cm (17–18 in) tall at shoulder[68]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[69]

Diet: Bamboo, seeds, bark, fruit and foliage, as well as eggs, carrion, small mammals, and ground-nesting birds[68][69]		  LC 


Unknown Population declining[69]

Roosevelt's muntjac


M. rooseveltorum
Osgood, 1932
Thumb		 Size: Small with shoulder height estimated at about 40 cm (16 in), but specific measurements not available[54]

Habitat: Forest[70]

Diet: Leaves and fruit[54]		  DD 


Unknown Population declining[70]

Southern red muntjac

Thumb

 M. muntjak
(Zimmermann, 1780)		 Southeast Asia Size: 89–135 cm (35–53 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail; 40–65 cm (16–26 in) tall at shoulder[65]

Habitat: Forest[71]

Diet: Fruit, buds, tender leaves, flowers, herbs, and young grass[71]		  LC 


Unknown Population declining[71]

Truong Son muntjac


M. truongsonensis
(Giao, Tuoc, Dung, Wikramanayake, Amato, Arctander, & Mackinnon, 1997)		 Southern Vietnam Size: Small with shoulder height estimated at about 40 cm (16 in), but specific measurements not available[54]

Habitat: Forest[72]

Diet: Leaves and fruit[54]		  DD 


Unknown Population declining[72]
Close

Tribe Cervini

Main article: Cervini
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Axis – H. Smith, 1827 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Chital

Thumb

 A. axis
(Erxleben, 1777)		 Indian subcontinent
Thumb		 Size: 70 cm (28 in) long plus 20 cm (8 in) tail; 35–38 cm (14–15 in) tall at shoulder[73][74]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland[75]

Diet: Wide variety of grasses as well as fallen leaves, flowers, and fruit[75]		  LC 


Unknown Unknown[75]

Calamian deer

Thumb

 A. calamianensis
(Heude, 1888)		 Calamian Islands of the Philippines Size: 100–175 cm (39–69 in) long, plus 12–38 cm (5–15 in) tail; 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tall at shoulder[76]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland[77]

Diet: Leaves[77]		  EN 


Unknown Population declining[77]

Bawean deer

Thumb

 A. kuhlii
(Temminck, 1836)		 Bawean island of Indonesia
Thumb		 Size: 100–175 cm (39–69 in) long[78]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[79]

Diet: Herbs and grasses, as well as young leaves and twigs[79]		  CR 


200–500 Population steady[79]

Indian hog deer

Thumb

 A. porcinus
(Zimmermann, 1780)		 Southern and southeast Asia
Thumb		 Size: 105–115 cm (41–45 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail; 60–72 cm (24–28 in) tall at shoulder[80]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[81]

Diet: Young grasses, as well as herbs, flowers, fruit, and shrubs[81]		  EN 


Unknown Population declining[81]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Cervus – Linnaeus, 1758 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Thorold's deer

Thumb

 C. albirostris
Przhevalsky, 1883		 Central China Size: 155–210 cm (61–83 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail; 115–140 cm (45–55 in) tall at shoulder[82]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[83]

Diet: Grass, herbs, lichens, leaves, and bark of trees and bushes[83]		  VU 


Unknown Unknown[83]

Elk

Thumb

 C. canadensis
Erxleben, 1777

Thirteen subspecies
 North America and Asia (former range in light green)
Thumb		 Size: 210–280 cm (83–110 in) long plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail; 120–175 cm (47–69 in) tall at shoulder[84][85]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[86]

Diet: Shrub and tree shoots, as well as grasses, sedges, and shrubs[86]		  LC 


Unknown Population increasing[86]

Red deer

Thumb

 C. elaphus
Linnaeus, 1758

Nine subspecies
 Europe and western Asia (former range in light green)
Thumb		 Size: 160–270 cm (63–106 in) long; 75–150 cm (30–59 in) tall at shoulder[87]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas[88]

Diet: Shrub and tree shoots, as well as grasses, sedges, shrubs, fruit, and seeds[88]		  LC 


Unknown Population increasing[88]

Central Asian red deer

Thumb

 C. hanglu
Wagner, 1844

Three subspecies
 Central Asia Size:

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[89]

Diet: Branches of young deciduous trees[89]		  LC 


2,000-2,500+ Population increasing[89]

Sika deer

Thumb

 C. nippon
Temminck, 1838

Sixteen subspecies
 East Asia Size: 95–180 cm (37–71 in) long plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail; 64–109 cm (25–43 in) tall at shoulder[90]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[91]

Diet: Grass, as well as shrubs and fruit[91]		  LC 


Unknown Population increasing[91]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Dama – Frisch, 1775 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
European fallow deer

Thumb

 D. dama
(Linnaeus, 1758)		 Europe and west Asia; introduced scattered areas worldwide (in teal)
Thumb		 Size: 130–175 cm (51–69 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail; 90–100 cm (35–39 in) tall at shoulder[92]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[93]

Diet: Grasses, mast, and shrubs, as well as leaves, buds, shoots, and bark[92][93]		  LC 


Unknown Unknown[93]

Persian fallow deer

Thumb

 D. mesopotamica
(Brooke, 1875)		 Iran and Israel Size: 130–175 cm (51–69 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail; 90–100 cm (35–39 in) tall at shoulder[92]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[94]

Diet: Grasses, mast, and shrubs, as well as leaves, buds, shoots, and bark[94]		  EN 


Unknown Population increasing[94]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Elaphurus – H. Milne-Edwards, 1872 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Père David's deer

Thumb

 E. davidianus
Milne-Edwards, 1866		 China Size: 183–216 cm (72–85 in) long, plus 22–36 cm (9–14 in) tail[95]

Habitat: Grassland, inland wetlands, and intertidal marine[96]

Diet: Grass, reeds, and bush leaves[96]		  EW 


Unknown Unknown[96]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Panolia – McClelland, 1842 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Eld's deer

Thumb

 P. eldii
(McClelland, 1842)

Three subspecies
  • P. e. eldii (Sangai)
  • P. e. siamensis (Burmese brow-antlered deer)
  • P. e. thamin (Thai brow-antlered deer)
Scattered parts of southeast Asia Size: 140–170 cm (55–67 in) long, plus 22–25 cm (9–10 in) tail; 90–130 cm (35–51 in) tall at shoulder[97]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[98]

Diet: A variety of grasses, fruit, and herbaceous and wetland plants[99][98]		  EN 


Unknown Population declining[98]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Rucervus – Hodgson, 1838 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Barasingha

Thumb

 R. duvaucelii
(Cuvier, 1823)

Three subspecies
  • R. d. branderi (Southern swamp deer)
  • R. d. duvaucelii (Western swamp deer)
  • R. d. ranjitsinhi (Eastern swamp deer)
Scattered parts of south Asia (historical range in yellow)
Thumb		 Size: About 180 cm (71 in) long; 119–124 cm (47–49 in) tall at shoulder[100]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands[101]

Diet: Grass and aquatic plants[101]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[101]

Schomburgk's deer†

Thumb

 R. schomburgki
Blyth, 1863		 Central Thailand Size: Unknown

Habitat: Grassland and inland wetlands[102]

Diet: Unknown[102]		  EX 


0 Population steady[102]
Close
More information Common name, Scientific name and subspecies ...
Genus Rusa – H. Smith, 1827 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Visayan spotted deer

Thumb

 R. alfredi
(P. L. Sclater, 1870)		 Philippines Size: 120–130 cm (47–51 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail; 60–80 cm (24–31 in) tall at shoulder[103]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[104]

Diet: Cogon grass and young leaves and buds[104]		  EN 


700 Population declining[104]

Philippine deer

Thumb

 R. marianna
(Desmarest, 1822)

Four subspecies
  • R. m. barandana
  • R. m. marianna
  • R. m. nigella
  • R. m. nigricans
Philippines Size: 100–151 cm (39–59 in) long; 55–70 cm (22–28 in) tall at shoulder[105]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[106]

Diet: Grass[106]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[106]

Javan rusa

Thumb

 R. timorensis
(Blainville, 1822)

Seven subspecies
  • R. t. djonga
  • R. t. floresiensis (Flores rusa deer)
  • R. t. macassaricus (Celebes rusa deer)
  • R. t. moluccensis (Moluccan rusa deer)
  • R. t. renschi
  • R. t. russa (Javan rusa deer)
  • R. t. timorensis (Timor rusa deer)
Indonesia and East Timor
Thumb		 Size: 142–185 cm (56–73 in) long, plus 10–30 cm (4–12 in) tail; 80–110 cm (31–43 in) tall at shoulder[107]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland[108]

Diet: Grass, herbs, the leaves and bark of shrubs, and seaweed[108]		  VU 


10,000 Population declining[108]

Sambar deer

Thumb

 R. unicolor
(Kerr, 1792)

Seven subspecies
  • R. u. brookei (Bornean sambar)
  • R. u. cambojensis (Mainland Southeast Asian sambar)
  • R. u. dejeani (South China sambar)
  • R. u. equina (Malayan sambar)
  • R. u. hainana (Hainan sambar)
  • R. u. swinhoii (Formosan sambar)
  • R. u. unicolor (Sri Lankan sambar)
South and Southeast Asia including Southern China
Thumb		 Size: 160–270 cm (63–106 in) long, plus 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail; 102–160 cm (40–63 in) tall at shoulder[109]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[110]

Diet: Wide variety of plants[110]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[110]
Close

See also

References

Sources

Loading related searches...

Wikiwand - on

Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.