Somersault
Acrobatic exercise From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A somersault (also flip, heli, and in gymnastics salto) is an acrobatic exercise in which a person's body rotates 360° around a horizontal axis with the feet passing over the head.[1] A somersault can be performed backwards, fowards or sideways and can be executed in the air or on the ground. When performed on the ground, it is typically called a roll.
Etymology
The word 'somersault' is derived from Old Provençal sobresaut (via Middle French sombresault) meaning "jump over", from sobre, "over" (from Latin supra-, as in supranational); and saut, "jump" (from Latin saltus, the same root as salient).[2]
Types
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Body positions
Somersaults may be performed with different positions, including tucked, piked (bent at the hips), straddled, and layout (straight body).[3] Somersaults are often completed with twists.[4]
Direction
The sport of tumbling does not require participants to combine both front and back elements, and most tumblers prefer back tumbling as it is easier to build momentum.[5]
Arabian saltos begin backwards, continue with a half twist to forwards, and end with one or more saltos forwards. They can be trained by beginning with an Arabian dive roll and adding a front salto to it.[6] They are counted as front tumbling in women's artistic gymnastics[7] and back tumbling in men's artistic gymnastics.[8]
Multiple rotations
By 2003, the tucked double back salto had become common in women's gymnastics.[4] The triple back salto exists in men's gymnastics but was rarely competed until 2017.[9]
In 2019, American gymnast Simone Biles was the first woman to complete a back triple double: two saltos backwards with three twists in a tucked position.[10][11]
See also
References
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