Threefold Training
Buddhist practices for higher virtue, mind, and wisdom From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Buddha identified the threefold training (Sanskrit: triśikṣā; Pali: tisikkhā; or simply śikṣā or sikkhā)[1] as training in:
- higher virtue (Pali adhisīla-sikkhā, Skt. adhiśīlaśikṣa)
- higher mind (Pali adhicitta-sikkhā, Skt. samādhiśikṣa)
- higher wisdom (Pali adhipaññā-sikkhā, Skt. prajñāśikṣa)
| Translations of triśikṣā | |
|---|---|
| English | threefold training, three trainings, three disciplines |
| Sanskrit | त्रिशिक्षा (triśikṣā) |
| Pali | tisikkhā |
| Chinese | 三学 (Pinyin: sān xué) |
| Japanese | 三學 (Rōmaji: sangaku) |
| Khmer | ត្រ័យសិក្ខា (UNGEGN: traisĕkkha) |
| Korean | 삼학 (RR: samhak) |
| Tibetan | ལྷག་པའི་བསླབ་པ་གསུམ། (Wylie: lhag-pa’i bslab-pa gsum) |
| Tagalog | trisikga |
| Thai | ไตรสิกขา (RTGS: traisikkha) |
| Vietnamese | tam học |
| Glossary of Buddhism | |
In the Pali Canon
Summarize
Perspective
According to Theravada canonical texts, pursuing this training leads to the abandonment of lust, hatred, and delusion.[2] One who is fully accomplished in this training attains nirvana.[3]
In the Anguttara Nikaya, training in "higher virtue" includes following the Patimokkha, training in "higher mind" (sometimes simply referred to as "concentration") includes entering and dwelling in the four jhanas, and training in "higher wisdom" includes directly perceiving the Four Noble Truths or knowledge of destruction of the taints. [4]
In several canonical discourses, a more "gradual" instruction (anupubbikathā) is provided to receptive lay people (see also, gradual training). This latter instruction culminates in the teaching of the Four Noble Truths which in itself concludes with the Noble Eightfold Path, the constituents of which can be mapped to this threefold training (see below).
Similarity to threefold partition of the Noble Eightfold Path
The Buddha's threefold training is similar to the threefold grouping of the Noble Eightfold Path articulated by Bhikkhuni Dhammadinna in Culavedalla Sutta ("The Shorter Set of Questions-And-Answers Discourse," MN 44): virtue (sīlakkhandha), concentration (samādhikkhandha), wisdom (paññākkhandha ).[5] These three-part schemes simplify and organize the Eightfold Path as follows:
| Threefold Partition | Eightfold Path | Method of Practice |
|---|---|---|
| VIRTUE | Right Speech | Five Precepts |
| Right Action | ||
| Right Livelihood | ||
| MIND | Right Effort | Dwelling in the four jhanas (meditation) |
| Right Mindfulness | ||
| Right Concentration | ||
| WISDOM | Right View | Knowing Four Noble Truths |
| Right Intention |
Mahayana
The threefold training is also part of the bodhisattva path of the Mahayana. Nagarjuna refers to it in his Letter to a Friend (Suhrllekha), verse 53:
"One should always train (shiksha) in superior discipline (adhishila), superior wisdom (adhiprajna) and superior mind (adhicitta)"[6]
Notes
Sources
External links
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