1560s - Wikiwand

The 1560s decade ran from January 1, 1560, to December 31, 1569.

1560

January–March

January 7 – In the Kingdom of Scotland, French troops commanded by Henri Cleutin and Captain Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous sail across the Firth of Forth from Leith, which they are occupying, and fight with the Lords of the Congregation at Pettycur Bay near Kinghorn.
February 27 – Treaty of Berwick: Terms are agreed upon with the Lords of the Congregation in Scotland, for forces of the Kingdom of England to enter Scotland, to expel French troops defending the Regency of Mary of Guise.^[1]
March 7 – A Spanish-led expedition, commanded by Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli, overruns the Tunisian island of Djerba.^[2]
March 17 – Leaders of the Amboise conspiracy, including Godefroy de Barry, seigneur de La Renaudie, make an unsuccessful attempt to storm the château of Amboise, where the young French king and queen are residing.^[3] La Renaudie is subsequently caught and executed, along with over 1,000 of his followers.^[4]
March – Bairam Khan, the Vakil or prime minister of India's Mughal Empire, is forced to retire by the Emperor Akbar.^[5]

April–June

April 15 – Denmark–Norway buys the Estonian island of Ösel, from its last prince-bishop.
May 11 – In the Battle of Djerba, the Ottoman fleet, commanded by Piali Pasha, overwhelms a large joint European (mainly Spanish) fleet, sinking about half its ships.^[6]
June 12 (19th day of 5th month of Eiroku 3) – In Japan, Oda Nobunaga defeats Imagawa Yoshimoto in the Battle of Okehazama.^[7]

July–September

July 6 – The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed between England, France and Scotland, ending the Siege of Leith. The French withdraw from Scotland, largely ending the Auld Alliance between the two countries, and also ending the wars between England and its northern neighbour.^[8]
August 2 – Livonian War – Battle of Ergeme: Russians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, precipitating the dissolution of the order.
August 17 – The Scottish Reformation Parliament adopts a Protestant confession of faith and rejects papal authority, beginning the Scottish Reformation, and disestablishing Roman Catholicism in Scotland.^[9]^[10]
August 21 – A total eclipse of the sun is observable in Europe, which inspires Tycho Brahe's interest in astronomy.^[11]
September 18 – After Robert Sempill, 3rd Lord Sempill, a Scottish Catholic, continues to resist the Scottish Reformation, the Duke of Châtellerault and the Earl of Arran commence a siege of Castle Semple at Lochwinnoch. They begin firing artillery at the castle on September 23 and destroy the gatehouse.
September 29 – Eric XIV becomes King of Sweden, upon the death of his father, Gustav Vasa.^[12]

October–December

October 4 – Queen Elizabeth of England notifies the official treasurers and Lords Mayor throughout the kingdom that the existing coins will be replaced and that those in circulation are to be devalued, to be stricken with a special mark to indicate lesser worth. Treasurers are all instructed to send the coins withdrawn from circulation to be sent to the Royal Mint to be melted down for the new coins.^[13]
October 19 – The siege of Castle Semple ends after 31 days when the defenders wave the white flag of surrender.^[14]
October 29 – Queen Elizabeth directs the minting of the first machine produced coins in the Kingdom to completely replace hammered coinage, produced manually.
November 8 – Eloy Mestrelle is given authority to commence the production of the new English coinage on machines he has brought over from France for the purpose of mass production.^[15]
December 5 – Charles IX succeeds his brother Francis as King of France, after Francis dies of a severe ear infection at the age of 16. Francis's mother (Mary's mother-in-law), Catherine de' Medici, becomes regent of France.^[16]

Date unknown

The complete Geneva Bible is published.^[17]
The first scientific society, the Academia Secretorum Naturae, is founded in Naples by Giambattista della Porta.^[18]
Solihull School is founded in the West Midlands of England.^[19]^[20]
The oldest surviving violin (dated inside), known as the Charles IX, is made in Cremona, in northern Italy.
The Mongols invade and occupy Qinghai.^[21]
The great age of piracy in the Caribbean starts around this time.^[22]

Births

1560

Thumb — Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully

January 17 – Gaspard Bauhin, Swiss botanist (d. 1624)^[202]
January 29 – Scipione Dentice, Neapolitan keyboard composer (d. 1633)^[203]
March 13 – William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Dutch count (d. 1620)^[204]
March 29 – Erekle I, Prince of Mukhrani, Georgian noble (d. 1605)
April 19 – Count Jobst of Limburg (d. 1621)^[205]
May 6 – Guido Pepoli, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1599)^[206]
June 25 – Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon (d. 1634)^[207]
June 28 – Giovanni Paolo Lascaris, Italian Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1657)
July 1 – Charles III de Croÿ, Belgian noble (d. 1612)^[208]
July 7 – Margaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland, English noblewoman and maid of honor to Elizabeth I (d. 1616)^[209]
August 6 – Antoine Arnauld, French lawyer (d. 1619)^[210]
August 7 – Elizabeth Báthory, Hungarian noblewoman and purported serial killer (d. 1614)^[211]
August 10 – Hieronymus Praetorius, German composer (d. 1629)^[212]
August 19 – James Crichton, Scottish polymath (d. 1582)^[213]
August 25 – Park Jin, Korean naval commander (d. 1597)
September 4 – Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (d. 1600)^[214]
September 19 – Thomas Cavendish, English naval explorer, leader of the third expedition to circumnavigate the globe (d. 1592)^[215]
October 10 – Jacobus Arminius, Dutch theologian (d. 1609)^[216]
October 17 – Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (d. 1604)^[217]
October 29 – Christian I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1591)^[218]
November 3 – Annibale Carracci, Italian painter (d. 1609)^[219]
November 22 – Charles, Margrave of Burgau, German nobleman (d. 1618)^[220]
November 28 – Baltasar Marradas, Count of Spain (d. 1638)^[221]
December 3 – Jan Gruter, Dutch critic and scholar (d. 1627)^[222]
December 13 – Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, 2nd Prime Minister of France (d. 1641)^[223]
December 28 – Samuel Sandys, English politician (d. 1623)^[224]
December 29 – Wolfgang Ernst I of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein, German count (d. 1633)^[225]
date unknown
- Felice Anerio, Italian composer (d. 1614)^[226]
- Marco Antonio de Dominis, Dalmatian archbishop and apostate (d. 1624)^[227]
- Amalia von Hatzfeld, Swedish countess governor (d. 1628)
- Lieven de Key, Dutch architect (d. 1627)^[228]
- Ishida Mitsunari, Japanese samurai (d. 1600)^[229]
- Hugh Myddelton, Welsh businessman (d. 1631)^[230]
- Anton Praetorius, German pastor (d. 1613)^[231]
probable
- Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, Polish military commander (d. 1621)^[232]
- Adam Haslmayr, Tyrolean commentator on Rosicrucian manifestos (d. 1630)^[233]
- Ketevan the Martyr, Georgian queen and saint (d. 1624)

1561

January 1 – Thomas Walsingham, English literary patron (d. 1630)
January 6 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (d. 1656)
January 22 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, scientist, and statesman (d. 1626)^[234]
January 24 – Camillo Cortellini, Italian composer (d. 1630)
February 1 – Henry Briggs, British mathematician (d. 1630)
February 8 – Fujiwara Seika, Japanese philosopher (d. 1619)
February 15 – Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein, German noblewoman (d. 1622)
February 25 – Edward Talbot, 8th Earl of Shrewsbury, English politician and earl (d. 1617)
March 9 – Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria, Archduke of Austria (d. 1578)
March 29 – Santorio Santorio, Italian biologist (d. 1636)
April 8
- Thiri Thudhamma Yaza of Martaban, Viceroy of Martaban (d. 1584)
- Dominicus Baudius, Dutch historian and poet (d. 1613)
June – Samuel Harsnett, Archbishop of York (d. 1631)
June 7 – John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1623)
June 12 – Anna of Württemberg, German princess (d. 1616)
June 13 – Anna Maria of Anhalt, German noblewoman (d. 1605)
June 20 (bapt.) – Richard Whitbourne, English colonist of Newfoundland (d. 1635)
June 24 – Matthias Hafenreffer, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1619)
June 26 – Erdmuthe of Brandenburg, Duchess of Pomerania-Stettin (d. 1623)
July 2 – Christoph Grienberger, Austrian astronomer (d. 1636)
July 11 – Luís de Góngora y Argote, Spanish poet (d. 1627)
July 17 – Jacopo Corsi, Italian composer (d. 1602)
July 24 – Maria of the Palatinate-Simmern, Duchess consort of Södermanland (1579–1589) (d. 1589)
August 14 – Christopher Heydon, English politician (d. 1623)
August 20 – Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (d. 1633)
August 24
- Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (d. 1626)^[235]
- Bartholomaeus Pitiscus, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1613)
August 25 – Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer (d. 1632)
September 1 – Gervase Helwys, English murderer (d. 1615)
September 3 – Yi Eokgi, Korean admiral (d. 1597)
September 10 – Hernando Arias de Saavedra, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1634)
September 21 – Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp, son of Edward Seymour Sr. (d. 1612)
September 28 – Roland Lytton, English politician (d. 1615)
September 29 – Adriaan van Roomen, Belgian mathematician (d. 1615)
October 11 (bapt.) – Thomas Lake, English Secretary of State to King James I (d. 1630)
October 15 – Richard Field, English cathedral dean (d. 1616)
October 24 – Anthony Babington, English criminal (d. 1586)
October 27 – Mary Sidney, English writer, patroness and translator (d. 1621)^[236]
November 1 – Francesco Usper, Italian composer (d. 1641)
November 16 – Andreas Angelus, German pastor, teacher, chronicler of the Mark of Brandenburg (d. 1598)
December 1 – Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, duchess consort of Pomerania-Wolgast (1577–1592) (d. 1631)
December 7 – Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese politician (d. 1625)
December 9 – Edwin Sandys, English founder of the colony of Virginia (d. 1629)
December 16 – Amandus Polanus, German theologian of early Reformed orthodoxy (d. 1610)
date unknown – Stephen Bachiler, non-conformist minister and pioneer settler of New England (d. 1656)

1562

January – Edward Blount, English publisher (d. 1632)
January 12 – Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1630)^[237]
January 20
- Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noblewoman (d. 1605)
- Ottavio Rinuccini, Italian composer (d. 1621)^[238]
February 15
- Rascas de Bagarris, French scholar (d. 1620)
- Maeda Toshinaga, Japanese daimyō (noble) (d. 1614)
April or May – Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch composer (d. 1621)
April 21 – Valerius Herberger, German theologian (d. 1627)
April 24 – Xu Guangqi, Ming Dynasty Chinese politician, agronomist, astronomer, mathematician and lay Catholic leader (d. 1633)
April 25 – Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, German noble (d. 1602)
May 6 – Pietro Bernini, Italian sculptor (d. 1629)
May 26 – James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg (d. 1590)
May 28 – John William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (d. 1609)
June 24 – Duke François de Joyeuse, French churchman and politician (d. 1615)
June 26 – Anne of Ostfriesland, German noble, Electress Palatine (d. 1621)
July 25 – Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese samurai (d. 1611)
August 17 (bapt.) – Hans Leo Hassler, German composer (d. 1612)
August 19 – Charles II de Bourbon-Vendôme, French cardinal (d. 1594)
September 1 – George, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1607–1620) and (1620–1623) (d. 1623)
September 21 – Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (1587–1612) (d. 1612)
September 24 – Ercole, Lord of Monaco, Monegasque noble (d. 1604)
October 4 – Christian Sørensen Longomontanus, Danish astronomer (d. 1647)
October 19 – George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
November 25 – Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and dramatist (d. 1635)^[239]
December 10 – Roger de Saint-Lary de Termes, French noble (d. 1646)
December 14 – Sir Lionel Tollemache, 1st Baronet, English baronet (d. 1621)
December 18 – Philipp Dulichius, German composer (d. 1631)
date unknown
- Isabella Andreini, Italian actress (d. 1604)
- John Bull, English composer (d. 1628)
- Samuel Daniel, English poet and historian (d. 1619)
- Francis Godwin, English writer and bishop (d. 1633)
- George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish noble (d. 1636)
- Natsuka Masaie, Japanese daimyō (noble) (d. 1600)
- Paulo Miki, Japanese Catholic saint and martyr (d. 1597)
- Richard Neile, English bishop (d. 1640)
- Henry Spelman, English antiquary (d. 1641)
- Cornelis van Haarlem, Dutch painter (d. 1638)

1563

January – Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman (d. 1607)^[240]
January 6
- Johann Christoph von Westerstetten, German bishop (d. 1637)^[241]
- Martin Becanus, Belgian Jesuit priest (d. 1624)^[242]
January 19 – Leonhard Hutter, German theologian (d. 1616)^[243]
January 29 – William Slingsby, English army officer (d. 1634)^[244]
January 30 – Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)^[245]
March 5 – John Coke, English politician (d. 1644)^[246]
March 29 – Sir Miles Sandys, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1645)^[247]
April 15 – Guru Arjan Dev, fifth Sikh leader (d. 1606)^[248]
May 9 – Frederick IV of Fürstenberg, German noble (d. 1617)^[249]
June 1 – Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English statesman and spymaster (d. 1612)^[250]
June 4 – George Heriot, Scottish goldsmith and philanthropist (d. 1624)^[251]
July 19 – Lamoral, 1st Prince of Ligne (d. 1624)^[252]
September 4 – Wanli Emperor of China (d. 1620)^[253]
September 15 – Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1607)^[254]
September 18 – Agnes of Limburg-Styrum, Abbess of Elten, Vreden, Borghorst and Freckenhorst (d. 1645)^[255]
September 27 – Thomas Freke, English politician (d. 1633)^[256]
September 30 – Enno III, Count of East Frisia, Count of Ostfriesland from 1599 to 1625 from the Cirksena family (d. 1625)^[257]
October 4 – Dorothea of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1587)^[258]
October 13 – Francis Caracciolo, Italian Catholic priest (d. 1608)^[259]
October 14 – Jodocus Hondius, Flemish artist (d. 1633)^[260]
October 28 – Berlinghiero Gessi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1639)^[261]
October 30 – Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Duchess of Hunters Village (d. 1639)^[262]
November 5 – Countess Anna of Nassau (d. 1588)^[263]
November 8 – Henry II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1624)^[264]
November 19 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (d. 1626)^[265]
November 20 – Sophie of Württemberg, German noble (d. 1590)^[266]
November 28 – Hosokawa Tadaoki, Japanese daimyō (d. 1646)
December 2 – Mutio Vitelleschi, Italian Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1645)^[267]
December 19 – Lord William Howard, English nobleman (d. 1640)^[268]
December 20 – Juan Fernandez Pacheco, 5th Duke of Escalona, Spanish noble and diplomat (d. 1615)^[269]
date unknown
- Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devonshire (d. 1606)^[270]
- Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (d. 1636)^[271]
- John Dowland, English composer (d. 1626)^[272]
- Michael Drayton, English poet (d. 1631)^[273]
- Scipione Gentili, Italian legal scholar (d. 1616)^[274]
- Anna Guarini, Italian virtuoso singer (d. 1598)^[275]
- Hosokawa Gracia, Japanese noblewoman (d. 1600)^[276]
- Heo Nanseolheon, Korean poet (d. 1589)^[277]
- Marcin Kazanowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1636)^[278]
- Zygmunt Kazanowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1634)^[279]
- Robert Naunton, English politician and writer (d. 1635)^[280]
- Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, Portuguese seaman and explorer (d. 1614)^[281]
- Mariana de Jesús Torres, Spanish nun and mystic (d. 1635)^[282]
- Joshua Sylvester, English poet (d. 1618)^[283]
- Jean Titelouze, French organist and composer (d. 1633)^[284]
- Yi Su-gwang, Korean scholar (d. 1628)^[285]
- Henri, Duke of Joyeuse, French general (d. 1608)^[286]

1564

January 1 – Šurhaci, Chinese prince (d. 1611)
February 15 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist (d. 1642)^[287]
February 26 (baptized) – Christopher Marlowe, English dramatist and poet (d. 1593)^[288]
March 7 – Pierre Coton, French Jesuit and royal confessor (d. 1626)^[289]
March 9 – David Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (d. 1617)^[290]
March 15 – William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg (d. 1642)^[291]
March 20 – Thomas Morton, English bishop (d. 1659)^[292]
April – Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1632)^[293]
April 2 – William Bathe, Irish Jesuit priest (d. 1614)^[294]
April 26 (baptized) – William Shakespeare, English dramatist and poet (d. 1616)^[295]
April 30 – Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (d. 1631)^[296]
May 27 – Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara, Italian noble, patron of the arts (d. 1618)^[297]
June 11 – Joseph Heintz the Elder, Swiss artist (d. 1609)^[298]
June 12 – John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (d. 1633)^[299]
June 28 – Cort Aslakssøn, Norwegian astronomer (d. 1624)^[300]^[301]
July 6 – Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (d. 1636)
August 18 – Federico Borromeo, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d. 1631)^[302]
August 24 – Patrick Forbes, bishop in the Church of Scotland (d. 1635)^[303]
September 13 – Vincenzo Giustiniani, Italian banker and art collector (d. 1637)^[304]
September 24 – William Adams, English navigator and samurai (d. 1620)^[305]
September 25 – Magnus Brahe, Swedish noble (d. 1633)^[306]
September 28 – Sibylla of Anhalt, Duchess consort of Württemberg (1593-1608) (d. 1614)^[307]
October 15 – Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1589-1613) (d. 1613)^[308]
October 26 – Hans Leo Hassler, German composer and organist (d. 1612)^[309]
November 3 (baptized) – Francisco Pacheco, Spanish artist (d. 1644)^[310]
November 22 – Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English peer and traitor (d. 1618)^[311]
November 24 – Joseph Gaultier de la Vallette, French astronomer (d. 1647)^[312]
December 25
- Johannes Buxtorf, German Calvinist theologian (d. 1629)^[313]
- Nicolaus Mulerius, Dutch astronomer and medical academic (d. 1630)^[314]
December 31 – Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German ruler (d. 1611)^[315]
approximate date – Xue Susu, Chinese artist^[316]
date unknown
- Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1638)^[317]
- Daniel Chamier, French minister of religion (d. 1621)^[318]
- Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic, Bohemian composer and Protestant rebel (d. 1621)^[319]
- Pedro Páez, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Ethiopia (d. 1622)^[320]
- Thomas Shirley, English privateer (d. c.1634)^[321]

1565

January 17 – Mariana Navarro de Guevarra Romero, Spanish Roman Catholic nun, member of the Mercedarian Tertiaries (d. 1624)^[322]
February 13 – Willem Baudartius, Dutch theologian (d. 1640)^[323]
March 23 – Eilhard Lubinus, German theologian (d. 1621)^[324]
April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599)
April 3 – Anna III, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1601)
May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch sculptor and architect born in Utrecht (d. 1621)^[325]
June 2 – Francisco Ribalta, Spanish painter (d. 1628)^[326]
June 14 – Francis Tanfield, English governor of the South Falkland colony^[327]
July 6 – Hugh Hamersley, Lord Mayor of London, 1627–1628 (d. 1636)^[328]
August 5 – Paola Massarenghi, Italian composer (d. unknown)^[329]
August 9 – Louis II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1627)^[330]
August 16 – Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637)
August 20 – Margaretha van Valckenburch, Dutch shipowner, only female member of the VOC (d. 1650)^[331]
August 29 – Agostino Ciampelli, Italian painter (d. 1630)^[332]
September 17 – Edward Fortunatus, German nobleman (d. 1600)^[333]
September 28 – Alessandro Tassoni, Italian poet and writer (d. 1635)^[334]
October 6 – Marie de Gournay, French writer (d. 1645)^[335]
October 12 – Ippolito Galantini, Italian founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (d. 1619)^[336]
October 22 – Benedikt Carpzov the elder, German legal scholar (d. 1624)^[337]
November 10
- Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English nobleman and politician (d. 1601)^[338]
- Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646)^[339]
November 14 – Petrus Bertius, Flemish theologian and scientist (d. 1629)^[340]
December 2 – Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild, Northern Irish politician (d. 1627)^[341]
date unknown
- Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d. 1635)^[342]
- Gregor Aichinger, German composer (d. 1628)^[343]
- John Davies of Hereford, Welsh poet (d. 1618)^[344]
- Camillo Graffico, Italian engraver (d. 1615)^[345]
- George Kirbye, English composer (d. 1634)^[346]
- Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d. 1647)^[347]
- María Pita, Spanish heroine (d. 1643)^[348]
- John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d. 1639)^[349]
- Edmund Whitelocke, English soldier and courtier (d. 1608)^[350]
probable
- Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (d. 1646)^[351]

1566

January 13 – Maria of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess Consort of Saxe-Lauenburg (1582–1619) (d. 1626)
January 15 – Philipp Uffenbach, German artist (d. 1636)^[352]
January 17 – Anna Juliana Gonzaga, Archduchess of Austria and nun (d. 1621)^[353]
February 1 – Marie of the Incarnation, French Discalced Carmelite beatified nun and blessed (d. 1618)^[354]
February 2 – Michal Sedziwój, Polish alchemist (d. 1636)^[355]
February 18 – Francesco Erizzo, Doge of Venice (d. 1646)^[356]
March 1 – John Hoskins, English poet (d. 1638)^[357]
March 8 – Carlo Gesualdo, Italian music composer (d. 1613)^[358]
April 2 – Bartholda van Swieten, Dutch diplomat (d. 1647)^[359]
May 26 – Mehmed III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1603)^[360]
June 19 – King James VI of Scotland/James I of England and Ireland (d. 1625)^[361]
June 20 – King Sigismund III Vasa, of Poland and Sweden (d. 1632)^[362]
July 9 – John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (d. 1638)^[363]
August 12 – Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (d. 1633)^[364]
August 24 – Abraham Scultetus, German theologian (d. 1625)^[365]
September 1 – Edward Alleyn, English actor (d. 1626)^[366]
October 13 – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)^[367]
October 15 – Sigrid of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1633)^[368]
November 3 – Charles, Count of Soissons, French prince du sang and military commander (d. 1612)^[369]
November 9 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Lüneburt (1611–1633) (d. 1633)^[370]
November 21 – Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1645)^[371]
November 25 – John Heminges, English actor (d. 1630)^[372]
November 26 – Francesco Bracciolini, Italian poet (d. 1645)^[373]
December 1 – Philip of Nassau, Count of Nassau (d. 1595)^[374]
December 11 – (baptised) – Manuel Cardoso, Portuguese composer (d. 1650)^[375]
December 19 – George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury, English earl (d. 1630)
December 27 – Jan Jesenius, Slovak physician (d. 1621)^[376]
date unknown
- Pietro Cerone, Italian music theorist (d. 1625)^[377]
- Polyxena von Lobkowicz, politically active Czech aristocrat (d. 1642)^[378]
- Giovanni Baglione, Italian painter and historian of art (d. 1643)^[379]
- Lucia Quinciani, Italian composer^[380]
- James Sempill, Scottish theologian (d. 1626)^[381]
- Caterina Vitale, Maltese pharmacist (d. 1619)^[382]^[383]

1567

January 1 – Fabio Colonna, Italian scientist (d. 1640)
January 4 – François d'Aguilon, Belgian Jesuit mathematician (d. 1617)
January 25 – Archduchess Margaret of Austria (d. 1633)
January 27 – Anna Maria of Hesse-Kassel, Countess Consort of Nassau-Saarbrücke (d. 1626)
February 3 – Anna Maria of Brandenburg, Duchess Consort of Pomerania (d. 1618)
February 12 – Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (d. 1620)^[384]
February 23 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Countess of Holstein-Schauenburg and Duchess Consort of Brunswick-Harburg (d. 1618)
February 24 – Jindřich Matyáš Thurn, Swedish general (d. 1640)
March 13 (bapt.) – Jacob van Heemskerk, Dutch admiral and explorer (d. 1607)
March 17 – Akizuki Tanenaga, Japanese samurai and soldier (d. 1614)
April 10 – John Louis I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, Germany noble (d. 1596)
April 26 – Nicolas Formé, French composer (d. 1638)
May 2 – Sebald de Weert, Dutch captain, vice-admiral of the Dutch East India Company (d. 1603)
May 9 – John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1603–1618) (d. 1618)
May 13 – Don Giovanni de' Medici, Italian military commander and diplomat (d. 1621)
May 15 – Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
June 25 – Jacob Ulfeldt, Danish politician (d. 1630)
August 14 – Luigi Caponaro, Italian healer (d. 1622)
August 15 – Philip III, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (1588–1620) (d. 1620)
August 21 – Francis de Sales, Savoyard Bishop of Geneva and saint (d. 1622)
September – Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley, English landowner (d. 1643)
September 2 – György Thurzó, Palatine of Hungary (d. 1616)
September 5 – Date Masamune, Japanese daimyō (d. 1636)
September 24 – Martin Fréminet, French painter (d. 1619)
October 10 – Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain (d. 1597)
November
- Thomas Nashe, English poet (d. 1600)^[385]
- Minye Kyawswa II of Ava, last crown prince of the Toungoo Empire (Burma) (d. 1599)
November 1 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish diplomat (d. 1626)
November 7 – Margherita Farnese, Benedictine nun (d. 1643)
November 14 – Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (d. 1625)
November 16 – Anna of Saxony, German noblewoman (d. 1613)
November 21 – Anne de Xainctonge, French religious (d. 1621)
December 15 – Christoph Demantius, German composer (d. 1643)
December 18
- Cornelius a Lapide, Jesuit exegete (d. 1637)
- Tachibana Muneshige, Japanese samurai and soldier (d. 1643)
date unknown
- Isabel Barreto, Spanish admiral (d. 1612)
- Pierre Biard, French settler and Jesuit missionary (d. 1622)
- Adriaen Block, Dutch fur trader and navigator (d. 1624)
- Jacques Clément, French assassin of Henry III of France (d. 1589)
- Arima Harunobu, Japanese Christian daimyō (d. 1612)
- John Parkinson, English herbalist and botanist (d. 1650)
- Willem Schouten, Dutch navigator (d. 1625)
- Torii Tadamasa, Japanese nobleman (d. 1628)
- Sanada Yukimura, Japanese samurai and soldier (d. 1615)
- Ban Naoyuki, Japanese samurai and soldier (d. 1615)

1568

January 6 – Henri Spondanus, French historian (d. 1643)^[386]
January 14 – Johannes Hartmann, German chemist (d. 1631)^[387]
January 20 – Daniel Cramer, German theologian (d. 1637)^[388]
January 28 – Gustav of Sweden, Swedish prince (d. 1607)
January 30 – Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg, countess (d. 1636)
February 2 – Péter Révay, Hungarian historian (d. 1622)^[389]
February 11 – Honoré d'Urfé, French writer (d. 1625)^[390]
March 9 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian Jesuit and saint (d. 1591)^[391]
March 16 – Juan Martínez Montañés, Spanish sculptor (d. 1649)^[392]
March 28 – Johannes Polyander, Dutch theologian (d. 1646)^[393]
March 30 – Henry Wotton, English author and diplomat (d. 1639)^[394]
April 5 – Pope Urban VIII (d. 1644)^[395]
April 17 – George Brooke, English aristocrat (d. 1603)^[396]
April 21 – Frederick II, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1587)^[397]
April 28 – Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal (d. 1630)^[398]
May 9 – Guglielmo Caccia, Italian painter (d. 1625)
May 11 – Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1630)^[399]
May 17 – Anna Vasa of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1625)^[400]
May 29 – Virginia de' Medici, Duchess of Modena and Reggio (d. 1615)^[401]
June 6 – Sophie of Brandenburg, Regent of Saxony (1591–1601) (d. 1622)^[402]
June 25 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)^[403]
July 1 – Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German Catholic bishop (d. 1623)^[404]
August 27 – Hercule, Duke of Montbazon (d. 1654)^[405]
September 3 – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634)^[406]
September 5 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian and poet (d. 1639)^[407]
October 2 – Marino Ghetaldi, Croatian mathematician and physicist (d. 1626)^[408]
October 18 – Henry Wallop, English politician (d. 1642)^[409]
November 18 – Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (d. 1636)
December 17 – Jonathan Trelawny, English politician (d. 1604)^[410]
date unknown
- Nikolaus Ager, French botanist (d. 1634)^[411]
- John Welsh of Ayr, Scottish Presbyterian leader^[412]
- Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester (d. 1648)^[413]
- Nakagawa Hidemasa, Japanese military leader (d. 1592)
- Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl, Mexican historian (d. 1648)^[414]
- Gervase Markham, English poet and writer (d. 1637)^[415]
- Robert Wintour, English conspirator (executed 1606)
- Wei Zhongxian, Grand Secretary of China (d. 1627)^[416]
- Ōtsu Ono, Japanese woman poet, koto, and writer (believed to have learned how to write from Nobutada Konoe) (d. 1631)

1569

January 20 – Heribert Rosweyde, Jesuit hagiographer (d. 1629)^[417]
January 22 – Lucio Massari, Italian painter (d. 1633)^[418]
February 13 – Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1625)^[419]
March 28 – Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1622)^[420]
March 29 – John Suckling, English politician (d. 1627)^[421]
April 10 – Countess Emilia of Nassau, German countess (d. 1629)^[422]
April 15 – Joan Shakespeare, William Shakespeare's sister (d. 1646)^[423]
April 16 – John Davies, English poet and lawyer (d. 1626)^[424]
May 20 – Juan de la Cerda, 6th Duke of Medinaceli, Spanish noble (d. 1607)^[425]
June 1 – Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp, Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1603–1608) (d. 1634)^[426]
June 30 – Hedwig of Hesse-Kassel, countess consort of Schaumburg (d. 1644)^[427]
July 3 – Thomas Richardson, English politician and judge (d. 1635)^[428]
July 19 – Conrad Vorstius, Dutch theologian (d. 1622)^[429]
July 30 – Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1627)^[430]
August 31 – Jahangir, Mughal emperor (d. 1627)^[431]
September – Arthur Lake, English bishop, a translator of the King James Bible (d. 1626)^[432]
September 5 – Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim, officer and amateur poet (d. 1645)^[433]
September 9 – Joachim Andreas von Schlick, Czech leader (d. 1621)^[434]
September 23 – Tachibana Ginchiyo, female samurai leader of the Tachibana clan in Japan (d. 1602)
September 24 – Ernst of Schaumburg, Count of Holstein-Pinneberg and Schaumburg (1601–1622) (d. 1622)^[435]
September 27 – John Percy, English priest (d. 1641)^[436]
October 13 – Claude de Bullion, French Minister of Finance (d. 1640)^[437]
October 14 – Giambattista Marino, Italian poet (d. 1625)^[438]
November 5 – Nils Turesson Bielke, Swedish politician (d. 1639)^[439]
November 11 – Martin Ruland the Younger, German alchemist (d. 1611)^[440]
November 16 – Paul Sartorius, German composer (d. 1609)^[441]
November 18 – Antonio Marcello Barberini, Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (d. 1646)^[442]
November 24 – Francis Ashley, English politician (d. 1635)^[443]
December 15 – Muzio Oddi, Italian mathematician (d. 1639)^[444]
December 18 – Jakob Hassler, German composer (d. 1622)
December 22 – Étienne Martellange, French architect (d. 1641)^[445]
December 31 – Anna de' Medici, Tuscan princess (d. 1584)^[446]
date unknown
- Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish dramatist (d. 1631)^[447]
- William Monson, British admiral (d. 1643)^[448]
- Frans Pourbus the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1622)^[449]
- Yodo-dono, Japanese concubine of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (d. 1615)^[450]

Deaths

1560

January 1 – Joachim du Bellay, French poet (b. 1522)^[451]
January 8 – Jan Łaski, Polish Protestant evangelical reformer (b. 1499)^[452]
January 22 – Wang Zhi, Chinese pirate^[453]
February 7 – Bartolommeo Bandinelli, Florentine sculptor (b. 1493)^[454]
February 14 – Philip I, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (b. 1515)^[455]
February 16 – Jean du Bellay, French cardinal and diplomat (b. 1493)^[456]
March 5 – Pedro Pacheco de Villena, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1488)^[457]
April 19 – Philip Melanchthon, German humanist and reformer (b. 1497)^[458]
June 11 – Mary of Guise, queen of James V of Scotland and regent (b. 1515)^[459]
June 12
- Imagawa Yoshimoto, Japanese daimyō (b. 1519)^[460]^{[unreliable source?]}
- Ii Naomori, Japanese warrior (b. 1506)
August 4 – Maeda Toshimasa, Japanese samurai
August 7 – Anastasia Romanovna, Tsarina of Russia, married to Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible (b. 1530)^[461]
September 8 – Amy Robsart, English noblewoman (b. 1532)^[462]
September 14 – Anton Fugger, German merchant (b. 1493)^[463]
September 29 – King Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1496)^[464]
September 30 – Melchor Cano, Spanish theologian (b. 1525)^[465]
November 7 – Petrus Lotichius Secundus, German Neo-Latin poet (b. 1528)^[466]
November 25 – Andrea Doria, Italian naval commander (b. 1466)^[467]
December 2 – Georg Sabinus, German writer (b. 1508)^[468]
December 5 – King Francis II of France (b. 1544)^[469]
December 7 – Ernest of Bavaria, pledge lord of the County of Glatz (b. 1500)^[470]
Date unknown – Benvenida Abrabanel, philanthropist and businesswoman.^[471]

1561

January 9 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1514)
January 13 – Frederick Magnus I, Count of Solms-Laubach, (b. 1521)
January 31
- Menno Simons, Anabaptist religious leader and Mennonite founder (b. 1496)
- Bairam Khan, Turkoman noble and poet (assassinated)
February 13 – Francis I, Duke of Nevers (b. 1516)
February 26 – Jorge de Montemor, Spanish writer (b. 1520)
March 6 – Gonçalo da Silveira, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (b. 1526)
March 24 – Giulio d'Este, illegitimate son of Italian noble (b. 1478)
March 25 – Conrad Lycosthenes, humanist and encyclopedist (b. 1518)
March 28 – Bartholomeus V. Welser, German banker (b. 1484)
April 9 – Jean Quintin, French priest, knight and writer (b. 1500)^[472]
May 4 – Karl I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, German prince (b. 1534)
May 16 – Jan Tarnowski, Polish noble (b. 1488)
June 23 – Saitō Yoshitatsu, Japanese daimyō (b. 1527)
June 6 – Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, Italian painter (b. 1483)
July 9 – Sebald Heyden, German musicologist and theologian (b. 1499)
July 19 – Henry Lauder, Lord St Germains, Lord Advocate of Scotland
September 1 – Edward Waldegrave, English politician and recusant
September 25 – Sehzade Bayezid, Ottoman Prince (b. 1525)
October 27 – Lope de Aguirre, Basque rebel and conquistador (b. 1510)
November 7 – Jeanne de Jussie, Swiss nun and writer (b. 1503)
November 11 – Hans Tausen, Danish reformer (b. 1494)
December 6 – Joachim I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince (b. 1509)
December 10 – Caspar Schwenckfeld, German theologian
date unknown
- Marie Dentière, Genevan Protestant reformer and theologian (b. 1495)
- Claude Garamond, French publisher (b. 1480)
- Ijuin Tadaaki, Japanese noble (b. 1520)
probable – Luis de Milán, Spanish composer (b. 1500)

1562

January – Prince Ilie II Rareş of Moldavia (b. 1531)
January 9 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1514)
January 25 – Charles Wriothesley, English officer of arms (b. 1508)
February 3 – Georg Giese, German merchant (b. 1497)
May 4 – Lelio Sozzini, Italian Protestant theologian (b. 1525)
July 1 – Wilhelm IV of Eberstein, German President of the Reichskammergericht (b. 1497)
July 4 – Johann Hommel, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1518)
July 23 – Götz von Berlichingen, German knight and mercenary (b. 1480)
September 5 – Katharina Zell, German Protestant reformer (b. 1497)^[473]
October – George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly (b. 1514)
October 9 – Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist (b. 1523)^[474]
October 13 – Claudin de Sermisy, French composer (b. 1495)
October 18 – Anne d'Alençon, French noblewoman (b. 1492)
November 7 – Maldeo Rathore, Rao of Marwar (b. 1511)
November 12 – Pietro Martire Vermigli, Italian theologian (b. 1500)^[475]
November 17 – Antoine de Bourbon, father of Henry IV of France (b. 1518)
November 20 – Giovanni de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1544)
December 6
- Jan van Scorel, Dutch painter (b. 1495)
- Garzia de' Medici, Italian noble (b. 1547)
December 7 – Adrian Willaert, Flemish composer (b. c. 1490)
December 13 – Francesco Marinoni, Italian Catholic priest (b. 1490)
December 17 – Eleonora di Toledo, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (b. 1522)
December 27 – Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels, Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels, Count of Kladsko, Bishop of Brandenburg (b. 1503)
date unknown
- Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin, Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan and Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan
- Matteo Bandello, Italian novelist (b. 1480)

1563

January 4 – Elisabeth of Hesse, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken, later Countess Palatine of Simmern (b. 1503)^[476]
February 1 – Emperor Menas of Ethiopia (fever) (b. 1559)^[477]
February 4 – Wilhelm von Brandenburg, Archbishop of Riga (b. 1498)^[478]
February 24 – Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician (shot) (b. 1519)^[479]
March 2 – Ercole Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1505)^[480]
March 17 – Girolamo Seripando, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1493)^[481]
March 19 – Arthur Brooke, English poet^[482]
March 24 – Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1514)
March 28 – Heinrich Glarean, Swiss music theorist (b. 1488)^[483]
April 15 – Bernhard VIII, Count of Lippe (b. 1527)^[484]
April 30 – Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford, English baron (b. 1501)^[485]
May 21 – Martynas Mažvydas, author of the first printed book in Lithuanian (b. 1510)^[486]
June 10 – William Paget, 1st Baron Paget, English statesman (b. 1506)^[487]
June 24 – Prince Yuri of Uglich (b. 1532)^[488]
August 11 – Bartolomé de Escobedo, Spanish composer (b. 1500)^[489]
August 18 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (b. 1530)^[490]
August 30 – Wolfgang Musculus, German theologian (b. 1497)^[491]
September 17 – Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, English soldier (b. 1526)^[492]
October 31 – Anthony Kitchin, British bishop (b. 1471)^[493]
November
- John Bale, English churchman (b. 1495)^[494]
- Ioan Iacob Heraclid, ruler of Moldavia (b. 1511)^[495]
December 1 – Yi Gwang-sik, Korean politician and general (b. 1493)
December 29
- Sebastian Castellio, French theologian (b. 1515)^[496]
- Thomas Naogeorgus, German playwright (b. 1508)^[497]
date unknown
- Odet de Selve, French diplomat (b. c. 1504)^[498]

1564

January 9 – Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (b. 1540)^[499]
February 18 – Michelangelo, Italian artist, architect and sculptor (b. 1475)^[500]
February 19 – Guillaume Morel, French classical scholar (b. 1505)^[501]
March 5 – Isabella Losa, Spanish scholar (b. 1491)^[502]
March 27 – Lütfi Pasha, Albanian-born Ottoman statesman, juridical scholar and poet of slave origin (b. c. 1488)^[503]
April – Pierre Belon, French naturalist (b. 1517)^[504]
April 9 – Georg Hartmann, German instrument maker (b. 1489)^[505]
May 2 – Cardinal Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, Italian humanist and patron of the arts (b. 1500)^[506]
May 27 – John Calvin, French Protestant reformer (b. 1509)^[507]
June 24 – Rani Durgavati, Indian queen (b. 1524)
July 23 – Eléanor de Roucy de Roye, French noble (b. 1535)^[508]
July 25 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1503)^[509]
July 31 – Luís de Velasco, Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1511)^[510]
August 10 – Miyoshi Nagayoshi, Japanese samurai and daimyō (b. 1522)^[511]
August 30 – Duchess Sabina of Bavaria (b. 1492)^[512]
October 5 – Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer^[513]
October 6 – Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1518)^[514]
October 15 – Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (b. 1514)^[515]
October 18 – Johannes Acronius Frisius, German physician and mathematician (b. 1520)^[516]
December 6 – Ambrosius Blarer, influential German reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland (b. 1492)^[517]
date unknown
- Giovanni da Udine, Italian painter (b. 1487)^[518]
- Purandara Dasa, Indian musician (b. 1484)^[519]
- Charles Estienne, French anatomist (b. 1503)^[520]
- Isabella de Luna, Spanish-Italian courtesan^[521]
probable – Maurice Scève, French poet (b. 1500)^[522]

1565

January 19 – Diego Laynez, Spanish Jesuit theologian (b. 1512)^[523]
January 28 – Francisco Cesi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1500)^[524]
February 28 – John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (b. 1509)^[525]
March 17 – Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (b. 1500)^[526]
c. March – Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist (b. c. 1510)^[527]
April 2 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton, English noble (b. 1526)^[528]
April 27 – Osanna of Cattaro, Dominican visionary and anchoress (b. 1493)^[529]
May 14 – Nicolaus von Amsdorf, German Protestant reformer (b. 1483)^[530]
May 5 – Queen Munjeong, Korean queen (b. 1501)
May 28 – Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (b. 1515)^[531]
June 12 – Adrianus Turnebus, French classical scholar (b. 1512)^[532]
June 17 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (b. 1536)^[533]^{[unreliable source?]}
June 19 – Wolfgang Lazius, Austrian historian (b. 1514)^[534]
June 23 – Turgut Reis, Ottoman naval commander (b. 1485)^[535]
July 18 – Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of England
August – Jacques Buus, Flemish composer and organist (b. 1500)^[536]
August 29 – Alfonso Carafa, Italian cardinal (b. 1540)^[537]
June 25 – Herluf Trolle, Danish Admiral of the Fleet and co-founder of Herlufsholm School (b. 1516)^[538]
September 13 – William Farel, French evangelist (b. 1489)^[539]
September 11–20 – Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (b. 1515)^[540]
October 4 – Pier Paolo Vergerio, Italian reformer (b. 1498)^[541]
October 5 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)^[542]
October 7 – Johannes Mathesius, German theologian (b. 1504)^[543]
October 12 – Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520)^[544]
October 14 – Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)^[545]
October 21 – John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (b. 1538)^[546]
October 22 – Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres, French bibliophile (b. 1479)^[547]
October 29 – Ranuccio Farnese, Italian prelate (b. 1530)^[548]
November 2 – Mechthild of Bavaria, German duchess (b. 1532)^[549]
November 25 – Hu Zongxian, Chinese general (b. 1512)^[550]
December 9 – Pope Pius IV (b. 1499)^[551]
December 12 – Johan Rantzau, German general (b. 1492)^[552]
December 13 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (b. 1516)^[553]
date unknown
- Antonio Bernieri, Italian painter of the Renaissance period (b. 1516) ^[554]
- Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan, last khan of Kazan Khanate^[555]
- Paweł Tarło, canon of Kraków, Poland^[556]

1566

January 6 – Francesco Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1538)^[557]
January 7 – Louis de Blois, Flemish mystical writer (b. 1506)^[558]
February 3 – George Cassander, Flemish theologian (b. 1513)^[559]
February 24 – Mimura Iechika, Japanese warlord (b. 1517)
March 9 – David Rizzio, Italian secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1533)^[560]
March 23 – Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (b. 1492)^[561]
March 26 – Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (b. 1510)^[562]
March 28 – Sigismund von Herberstein, Austrian diplomat (b. 1486)^[563]
April 25 – Diane de Poitiers, mistress of King Henry II of France (b. 1499)^[564]
April 25 – Louise Labé, French poet (b. c. 1524)^[565]
May 10 – Leonhart Fuchs, German physician and a botanist (b. 1501)^[566]
July 2 – Nostradamus, French astrologer (b. 1503)^[567]
July 13 – Thomas Hoby, English diplomat and translator (b. 1530)^[568]
July 18 – Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish priest (b. 1484)^[569]
July 30 – Guillaume Rondelet, French doctor (b. 1507)^[570]
August 19 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Calenberg, Countess of Henneberg (b. 1526)^[571]
September 2 – Taddeo Zuccari, Italian painter (b. 1529)^[572]
September 6 – Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan since 1520 (b. 1494)^[140]
September 17 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 4th Duke of the Infantado (b. 1493)^[573]
September 22 – Johannes Agricola, German Protestant reformer (b. 1494)^[574]
September 27 – Marco Girolamo Vida, Italian poet (b. 1490)^[575]
October 13 – Zilia Dandolo, Venetian dogaressa^[576]
October 28 – Johann Funck, German theologian (b. 1518)^[577]
October 31 – Richard Edwardes, English poet (b. 1523)^[578]
November 2 – Thomas White, English politician (b. 1507)
November 17 – Annibale Caro, Italian poet and Knight of Malta (b. 1507)^[579]
November 27 – Froben Christoph of Zimmern, author of the Zimmern Chronicle (b. 1519)^[580]
December 1 – Francisco Mendoza de Bobadilla, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1508)^[581]
December 14 – René, Marquis of Elbeuf (b. 1536)^[582]
December 26 – Kimotsuki Kanetsugu, Japanese samurai (b. 1511)
December 28 – Margaret Paleologa, Sovereign Marchioness of Montferrat (1531–1540) (b. 1510)^[583]
date unknown
- Charles Dumoulin, French jurist (b. 1500)^[584]
- Calvagh O'Donnell, Irish chieftain^[585]
probable – Jacob Acontius, Swiss jurist, theologian, philosopher and engineer (b. 1492)^[586]

1567

January 12 – Eva von Trott, German noble and courtier (b. 1505)
January 17 – Sampiero Corso, Corsican mercenary leader (b. 1498)
January 23 – Jiajing Emperor of China (b. 1507)
January 26 – Nicholas Wotton, English diplomat (c. b. 1497)
February 10 – Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1545)
February 20 – Estácio de Sá, Portuguese officer, founder of Rio de Janeiro (b. 1520)
March 31 – Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (b. 1504)
April 1 – Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (b. 1537)
April 2 – Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. 1518)
April 18 – Wilhelm von Grumbach, German adventurer (b. 1503)
April 19 – Michael Stifel, German mathematician (b. 1487)
May 2 – Marin Držić, Croatian writer (b. 1508)^[587]
June 2 – Shane O'Neill, Irish chieftain (b. 1530)
June 12 – Richard Rich, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1490)
June 19 – Anna of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (b. 1507)
August 3 – Myeongjong of Joseon, ruler of Korea (b. 1534)
August 18 – Enea Vico, Italian engraver (b. 1523)
October 1 – Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (b. 1508)
October 31 – Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Princess of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and by marriage Electress Palatine (b. 1519)
November 12 – Anne de Montmorency, Constable of France (b. 1493)
November 13 – Pedro de la Gasca, viceroy of Peru (b. 1485)
November 19 – Takeda Yoshinobu, Japanese daimyō (b. 1538)
date unknown
- Thomas Beccon, English Protestant reformer (b. 1511)
- Péter Erdődy, ban of Croatia (b. 1504)
- Shahghali, khan of Qasim (b. 1505)
- Lawrence Sheriff, English gentleman and grocer to Elizabeth I (b. 1510)
- Akagawa Motoyasu, Japanese samurai

1568

January 26 – Lady Catherine Grey, Countess of Hertford (b. 1540)^[588]
February 15 – Hendrick van Brederode, Dutch reformer (b. 1531)^[589]
March 19 – Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell, English noblewoman (b.c. 1518)
March 20 (plague)
- Albert, Duke of Prussia (b. 1490)^[590]
- Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Prussia (b. 1532)^[591]
May 23 – Adolf of Nassau, Count of Nassau, Dutch soldier (b. 1540)^[592]
April 7 – Onofrio Panvinio, Italian Augustinian historian (b. 1529)^[593]
April 27 – Giovanni Michele Saraceni, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1498)^[594]
May 6 – Bernardo Salviati, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1508)^[595]
May 15 – Anna of Lorraine (b. 1522)^[596]
May 23 – Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg (b. 1528)^[597]
June 3 – Andrés de Urdaneta, Spanish explorer (b. 1508)^[598]
June 5
- Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Flemish statesman (b. 1522)^[599]
- Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn (b. c. 1524)^[600]
June 11 – Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Wolfenbüttel 1514–1568 (b. 1489)^[601]
July 1 – Levinus Lemnius, Dutch writer (b. 1505)^[602]
July 6 – Johannes Oporinus, Swiss printer (b. 1507)^[603]
July 7 – William Turner, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1508)^[604]
July 24 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)^[605]
August 15 – Stanislaus Kostka, Polish saint (b. 1550)^[606]
August 21 – Jean Parisot de Valette, 49th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1495)^[607]
August 23 – Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (b. 1495)^[608]
September 26 – Leonor de Cisneros, Spanish Protestant (b. 1536)^[609]
September – Anna Pehrsönernas moder, influential Swedish courtier (b. year unknown)
September 22 – Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (b. c. 1530) (executed)^[610]
October 3 – Elisabeth of Valois, Queen of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)^[611]
October 14 – Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer (b. 1504)^[612]
October 19 – Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis, German theologian (b. 1517)^[613]
October 28 – Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (b. 1538)
November 6 – Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg, duchess consort of Pomerania (b. 1502)^[614]
November 9 – John Radcliffe, English politician (b. 1539)^[615]
December 23 – Roger Ascham, tutor of Elizabeth I of England (b. 1515)^[616]
December 24 – Henry V, Burgrave of Plauen (b. 1533)^[617]
December 28 – Christoph, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1515)^[618]
December 31 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1493)
date unknown
- Garcia de Orta, Portuguese Jewish physician (b. 1501)^[619]
- Dirk Philips, early Dutch Anabaptist writer and theologian (b. 1504)^[620]
- Yan Song, Chinese prime minister (b. 1481)
- Amato Lusitano, Portuguese physician (b. 1511)^[621]

1569

January 15 – Catherine Carey lady-in-waiting to Elizabeth I of England (b. 1524)^[622]
January 20 – Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (b. c. 1488)^[623]
March 13 – Louis, Prince of Condé, French Protestant general (b. 1530)^[186]
March 17 – Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg (b. 1545)^[624]
April 15 –Maha Chakkraphat, Siamese King of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (b. 1509)
May 10 – John of Ávila, Spanish mystic and saint (b. 1500)^[625]
May 16 – Dirk Willems, Dutch Anabaptist martyr^[626]
May 17 – Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim (b. 1518)^[627]
May 26 – Vidus Vidius, Italian surgeon and anatomist (b. 1509)^[628]
May 27 – François de Coligny d'Andelot, French general (b. 1521)^[629]
June 11 – Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. 1526)^[630]
September 5
- Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London (b. c. 1500)^[631]
- Bernardo Tasso, Italian courtier and poet (b. 1493)^[632]
September 9 – Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish painter^[633]
September 11 – Vincenza Armani, Italian actress (b. 1530)^[634]
October 3 – Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1536)^[635]
October 9 – Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)^[636]
October 28 – Ludovica Torelli, Count of Guastalla (b. 1500)^[637]
November 24 – Celio Secondo Curione, Italian humanist (b. 1503)^[638]
November 29 – António Ferreira, Portuguese poet (b. 1528)^[639]
December 10 – Paul Eber, German Lutheran theologian (b. 1511)^[640]
December 15 – Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch, spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1540)^[641]
December 23 – Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow (b. 1507)^[642]
date unknown
- Janet Beaton, Scottish noble (b. 1519)
- Elin Andersdotter, Swedish lady-in-waiting and political conspirator^[643]
- Gracia Mendes Nasi, Ottoman businessperson and philanthropist (b. 1510)^[644]
- Mahinthrathirat, Ayutthaya king (b. 1539)

References

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