680s
Decade From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 680s decade ran from January 1, 680, to December 31, 689.
680
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Byzantine–Bulgarian War: The Bulgars under Asparukh subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria, north of the Balkan Mountains. Emperor Constantine IV leads a combined land and sea operation against the invaders and besieges their fortified camp in Dobruja.[1]
- Battle of Ongal: The Byzantine army (25,000 men) under Constantine IV is defeated by the Bulgars and their Slavic allies in the Danube Delta. Bulgar cavalry force the Byzantines into a rout, while Constantine (suffering from leg pain) travels to Nesebar to seek treatment.
Europe
- King Wamba is deposed after an 8-year reign, and forced to retire to a monastery. He is succeeded by Erwig who becomes ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
- King Perctarit makes his son Cunipert co-ruler of the Lombard Kingdom. He signs a formal peace treaty with Constantine IV.
- Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia.
- The emporium (market town) of Dorestad is founded near the mouth of the Rhine, and soon becomes a major trading settlement in the North Sea region (approximate date).[2]
Britain
- King Cædwalla of Wessex becomes overly ambitious in a power-struggle with his rival, King Centwine, for Wessex overlordship. He is banished into the forests of Chiltern and Andred.[3]
Arabian Empire
- Yazid I, son of Muawiyah I, becomes the sixth caliph (second Umayyad caliph) but Kufans in Mesopotamia rebel and invite Hussein ibn Ali (grandson of Muhammad) to take the throne.
- October 10 – Battle of Karbala: Forces under Yazid I kill Hussein ibn Ali and his closest supporters.[4] This event leads to the civil war known as the Second Fitna.
Asia
- In Japan, Princess Uno Sarara is unwell, and Emperor Tenmu begins the erection of the Temple of Yakushi-ji (Nara Prefecture). He makes 100 people enter religion as priests, wishing her to recover her health.
By topic
Religion
- September 17 – Theodore of Tarsus, archbishop of Canterbury, convenes a synod at Hatfield that clears the English Church from any association with the heresy of monothelitism.[5]
- November 7 – The Third Council of Constantinople (Sixth Ecumenical Council) opens in Constantinople to settle the theological controversies of monoenergism and monothelitism, ending September 16, 681.
- Wilfrid returns to Northumbria, with papal support, but is imprisoned by King Ecgfrith, and again exiled. He travels to the Kingdom of Sussex and begins to evangelise the people.
- King Merewalh of Magonsæte founds the monastery of Wenlock Priory in Shropshire, England, appointing his daughter Milburga as Benedictine abbess.
- Approximate date
- Boniface begins his education at an English Celtic Christian monastery, probably in Exeter near his birthplace and one of many monasteriola built by local landowners and churchmen.[6]
- The Book of Durrow is created, probably in Northumbria or on the island of Iona in the Scottish Inner Hebrides.
Significant people
Births
680
- Ali Asghar ibn Husayn, Son of 3rd shia Imam. Killed in Karbala (d. 680)
- Fujiwara no Muchimaro, Japanese politician (d. 737)
- Genshō, empress of Japan (d. 748)
- Oda of Scotland, Christian saint (approximate date)
- Wu Daozi, Chinese painter (d. 760)
681
- Fujiwara no Fusasaki, Japanese counselor (d. 737)
- Pei Yaoqing, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 743)
682
- July 20 – Taichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 767)
- November 2 – Umar II, Muslim caliph (d. 720)
- Li Chongrun, prince of the Tang dynasty (d. 701)
683
- Bilge Khan, ruler (khagan) of the Turkic Khaganate (or 684)
- Genshō, empress regnant of Japan (d. 748)
- Monmu, emperor of Japan (d. 707)
- Yi Xing, Chinese astronomer and mechanical engineer (d. 727)
684
- Gao Lishi, official and eunuch of the Tang dynasty (d. 762)
- Li Guo'er, princess of the Tang dynasty (approximate date)
- Nagaya, Japanese prince and politician (d. 729)
- Tachibana no Moroe, Japanese prince and minister (d. 757)
685
- September 8 – Xuan Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d. 762)
- Kul Tigin, general and prince of the Second Turkic Khaganate (d. 731)
- Leo III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 741)
- Li Xianhui, princess of the Tang dynasty (d. 701)
- Miao Jinqing, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 765)
- Pelagius, king of Asturias (approximate date)
- Theodbert, duke of Bavaria (approximate date)
687
- Eucherius, Frankish bishop (d. 743)
- Wei Jiansu, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 763)
- Wittiza, king of the Visigoths (approximate date)
- Yazid II, Muslim caliph (d. 724)
688
- Charles Martel, Frankish statesman and founder of the Carolingian dynasty (d. 741)
- Jianzhen, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 763)
- Wang Zhihuan, Chinese poet (d. 742)
689
Deaths
680
- January 1 – Javanshir, king of Caucasian Albania (b. 616)
- January 30 – Balthild, queen of the Franks
- October 9 – Ghislain, Frankish anchorite and saint
- October 10
- Abbas ibn Ali, son of Imam Ali
- Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn, son of Al-Husayn
- Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn, son of Al-Husayn
- Habib ibn Madhahir
- Husayn ibn Ali, third Shia Imam and grandson of Muhammad (b. 626)K
- Agatho, pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church
- Bhāskara I, Indian mathematician (approximate date)
- Cædmon, Northumbrian poet
- Ebroin, Mayor of the Palace of Neustria (or 681)
- Hilda of Whitby, Northumbrian abbess and saint
- Muawiyah I, founder of the Umayyad Caliphate (b. 602)
- Umm Salama, wife of Muhammad
- Vikramaditya I, king of Chalukya (India)
- Wulfoald, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
681
- January 10 – Pope Agatho
- Ebroin, Mayor of the Palace of Neustria (or 680)
- Hao Chujun, general of the Tang dynasty (b. 607)
- Jayavarman I, king of Chenla (Cambodia)
- Munmu, king of Silla (Korea)[13]
- Queen Jaui, Korean queen consort
- Queen Munmyeong, Korean queen consort
682
- Barbatus, bishop of Benevento
- Bilal ibn al-Harith, companion of Muhammad (approximate date)
- Zaynab bint Ali, sister of Husayn ibn Ali (b. 626)
- Bojang, king of Goguryeo (Korea)
- Buyeo Yung, prince of Baekje (in exile in Luoyang)
- Cadwaladr, king of Gwynedd (Wales)
- Cenn Fáelad mac Colgan, king of Connacht (Ireland)
- Li Jingxuan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 615)
- Maslama ibn Mukhallad, companion of Muhammad
- Sun Simiao, Chinese medicine doctor
- Lady Kʼawiil Ajaw, queen regnant of the Maya city-state of Cobá (b. 617)
683
- June 28 – Leo II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 611)
- November 11 – Yazid I, Muslim caliph (b. 647)
- December 27 – Gao Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (b. 628)
- Æbbe, Anglo-Saxon princess and abbess
- Anseung, king of Goguryeo (Korea)
- Cui Zhiwen, official of the Tang dynasty (b. 627)
- Dúnchad Muirisci, king of Connacht (Ireland)
- K'inich Janaab' Pakal ("Pacal the Great"), ruler (ajaw) of Palenque (b. 603)
- Sighere, king of Essex
- Waningus, Frankish abbot (approximate date)
- Xue Rengui, general of the Tang dynasty (b. 614)
- Xue Yuanchao, official of the Tang dynasty (b. 622)
684
- Adarnase II, king of Iberia (approximate date)
- Aldegund, Frankish Benedictine abbess
- Constantine of Mananali, founder of the Paulicians
- Ghislemar, mayor of the palace in Neustria and Burgundy
- Li Xian, prince of the Tang dynasty (b. 653)
- Luo Binwang, Chinese poet and official
- Mu'awiya II, Muslim caliph (b. 661)
- Pei Yan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
- Philibert of Jumièges, Frankish abbot
- Severus II bar Masqeh, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.[33]
685
- February 6 – Hlothhere, king of Kent[34]
- May 8 – Benedict II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 635)[35]
- May 20 – Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria
- Æthelwealh, king of Sussex
- Anania Shirakatsi, Armenian astronomer (b. 610)
- Beornhæth, Anglo-Saxon nobleman
- Centwine, king of Wessex (approximate date)
- Constantine IV, Byzantine emperor (b. 652)
- Liu Rengui, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 602)
686
- August 2 – John V, pope of Rome (b. 635)
- October 1 – Tenmu, emperor of Japan
- October 25 – Ōtsu, Japanese prince (b. 663)
- Andhun, king of Sussex
- Arwald, king of the Isle of Wight
- Audoin, bishop of Rouen (b. 609)
- Berthun, king of Sussex
- Eadric, king of Kent (approximate date)
- Eanflæd, queen of Northumbria (approximate date)
- Eata of Hexham, bishop of Lindisfarne
- Husayn ibn Numayr, Muslim general
- Landelin, Frankish abbot and saint
- Waratton, mayor of the palace of Neustria
- Wonhyo, Korean Buddhist monk (b. 617)
- Yamanobe, Japanese princess
687
- March 20 – Cuthbert, Anglo-Saxon bishop
- September 21 – Pope Conon I
- Abd Allah ibn Abbas, cousin of Muhammad
- Erwig, king of the Visigoths
- Mul, king of Kent (England)
- Romuald I
- Wamba, king of the Visigoths
688
- May 24 – Ségéne, bishop of Armagh (b. c. 610)
- Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali, Muslim scholar (or 689)
- Máel Dúin mac Conaill, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
- Perctarit, king of the Lombards
- Rictrude, Frankish abbess
689
- April 20 – Cædwalla, king of Wessex
- July 8 – Kilian, Irish bishop (approximate date)
- May 10 – Kusakabe, Japanese prince (b. 662)
- September 10 – Guo Zhengyi, official of the Chinese Tang dynasty
- Alahis, king (usurper) of the Lombards
- Colman, Irish missionary (approximate date)
- Grimoald II, duke of Benevento (Italy)
- John III, Coptic Orthodox pope of Alexandria
- Liu Jingxian, official of the Tang dynasty
- Totnan, Irish Franconian apostle
References
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