850s
Decade From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 850s decade ran from January 1, 850, to December 31, 859.
850
By place
Europe
- February 1 – King Ramiro I dies in his palace at Santa María del Naranco (near Oviedo), after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Ordoño I, as ruler of Asturias.
- Danish Viking raiders, led by King Rorik, conquer Dorestad[1] and Utrecht (modern-day Netherlands). Emperor Lothair I recognizes him as ruler of most of Friesland.
- King Louis II, the eldest son of Lothair I, is crowned joint emperor by Pope Leo IV at Rome, and becomes co-ruler of the Middle Frankish Kingdom.
Britain
- King Kenneth I (also called Kenneth MacAlpin) of Alba (modern Scotland) invades Northern Northumbria during the period of 850–858, burning Dunbar and Melrose.
- The Pillar of Eliseg is erected by King Cyngen ap Cadell of Powys (Wales), as a memorial to his great-grandfather Elisedd ap Gwylog (or Eliseg) (approximate date).
Middle East
- The Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil issues a decree that orders Jews and Christians to wear the zunnar, honey-coloured outer garments and badge-like patches on their on their servants' clothing.[2]
Japan
- May 6 – Emperor Ninmyō dies after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Montoku, as the 55th emperor of Japan.
India
- It is hypothesized that sometime around 850 a group of Buddhist pilgrims travelling through a valley near Roopkund (modern India) were killed when caught out in the open in a sudden hailstorm. Their remains were discovered in 1942.
Mesoamerica
- Uxmal becomes the capital of a large state in the Puuk hills region of northern Yucatán (modern Mexico). The city is connected by causeways (sakbe) to other important Puuk sites, such as K'abah, Sayil, and Labna (approximate date).
By topic
Food and Drink
- Coffee is discovered (according to legend) by the Ethiopian goatherder Kaldi in East Africa, who notices that his goats become energetic after chewing the red berries from certain wild bushes (approximate date).
Religion
- April 22 – Gunther becomes archbishop of Cologne (modern Germany).
- June 18 – Perfecto, a Christian priest in Muslim Córdoba, is executed (beheaded) after he refuses to retract critical comments he made about Muhammad.
Significant people
Births
850
- June 27 – Ibrahim II, emir of the Aghlabids (d. 902)
- Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, Muslim mathematician (d. 934)
- Adelaide, queen of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 853)
- Aribo of Austria, Frankish margrave (approximate date)
- Arnulf of Carinthia, king of the East Frankish Kingdom (d. 899)
- Berno of Cluny, Frankish abbot (approximate date)
- Du Guangting, Chinese Taoist priest and writer (d. 933)
- Gerolf of Holland, count of Friesland (approximate date)
- Harald Fairhair, king of Norway (approximate date)
- Hatto I, Frankish archbishop (approximate date)
- Herbert I, count of Vermandois (approximate date)
- Hermenegildo Gutiérrez, Galician nobleman (d. 912)
- Hucbald, Frankish music theorist (or 840)
- Ki no Tomonori, Japanese poet (approximate date)
- Onneca Fortúnez, Basque princess (or 848)
- Ranulf II, duke of Aquitaine (d. 890)
- Reginar I, duke of Lorraine (approximate date)
- Seiwa, emperor of Japan (d. 878)
- Smbat I, king of Armenia (approximate date)
- Tuotilo, German monk and composer (approximate date)
851
852
- March 10 – Qian Liu, Chinese warlord and king (d. 932)
- Bořivoj I, duke of Bohemia (approximate date)
- Nicholas I Mystikos, Byzantine patriarch (d. 925)
- Yang Xingmi, Chinese governor (jiedushi) (d. 905)
- Ermengard of Italy, queen regent of Provence (d. 896)
- Zhang Quanyi, Chinese warlord (d. 926)
- Zhu Wen, emperor of Later Liang (d. 912)
853
- Abu Jafar al-Tahawi, Muslim scholar (d. 933)
- Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Muslim theologian (d. 944)
- Adelaide, queen of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 850)
- Ma Yin, Chinese warlord and king (approximate date)
854
- Al-Mu'tadid, Muslim caliph (or 861)
- Cadell ap Rhodri, king of Seisyllwg (d. 909)
- Cui Yin, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 904)
- Theobald the Elder, Frankish nobleman (d. 942)
855
- Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat, Muslim vizier (d. 924)
- Gerald of Aurillac, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
- Guaimar I of Salerno, Lombard prince (approximate date)
- Han Jian, Chinese warlord (d. 912)
- Jing Hao, Chinese painter (d. 915)
856
- October 24 – Li Keyong, Shatuo governor (jiedushi) (d. 908)
- Li Maozhen, Chinese warlord and king (d. 924)
857
- Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn, Korean philosopher and poet
- Li Cunjin, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 922)
858
- Al-Battani, Muslim astronomer and mathematician (d. 929)
- Cele Dabhaill mac Scannal, Irish abbot (d. 927)
- Gao Jixing, founder of Chinese Jingnan (d. 929)
- He Gui, general of Later Liang (d. 919)
- Lady Wu, wife of Qian Liu (d. 919)
- Liu Xun, general of Later Liang (d. 921)
- Mansur al-Hallaj, Persian mystic writer (d. 922)
- Niftawayh, Muslim scholar and grammarian (d. 935)
- Richard, duke of Burgundy (approximate date)
- Rudaki, Persian poet (approximate date)
- Tian Jun, Chinese warlord (d. 903)
- Zhang Juhan, official of Later Liang (d. 928)
859
- Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, first Zaydi Imam of Yemen (d. 911)[39]
- Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate (d. 946)
- Odo I, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 860)
- Rudolph I, king of Burgundy (d. 912)
- Tannet of Pagan, king of Burma (d. 904)
Deaths
850
- February 1 – Ramiro I, king of Asturias
- May 6 – Ninmyō, emperor of Japan (b. 808)
- April 18 – Perfectus, Spanish monk and martyr
- July 14 – Wei Fu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
- Amalarius, Frankish archbishop (approximate date)
- Bishr al-Hafi, Muslim theologian (approximate date)
- Eanred, king of Northumbria (approximate date)
- Huangbo Xiyun, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk
- Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, Muslim official and advisor
- Li Deyu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 787)
- Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Persian mathematician
- Maura of Troyes, Frankish noblewoman and saint (b. 827)
- Tachibana no Kachiko, empress of Japan (b. 786)
- Stephen of Liège, Frankish bishop (approximate date)
- Vlastimir, Serbian prince (approximate date)
- William of Septimania, Frankish nobleman (b. 826)
- Zhou Lin, governor (jiedushi) of the Tang Dynasty
851
- March 7 – Nominoe, king (or duke) of Brittany
- March 20 – Ebbo, archbishop of Reims
- July 16 – Sisenandus, deacon and martyr[40]
- Cináed mac Conaing, king of Brega (Ireland)
- Ermengarde of Tours, Frankish empress
- Íñigo Arista, king of Pamplona (or 852)
- Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh, Muslim governor
- Mor Frideborg, Swedish noblewoman
- Muhammad ibn Ishaq, Muslim governor
- Ólchobar mac Cináeda, king of Munster (Ireland)
- Radelchis I, prince (or duke) of Benevento
- Siconulf, prince of Salerno (approximate date)
- Vlastimir, prince of Serbia (approximate date)
- Zhou Chi, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 793)
852
- Abd al-Rahman II, Muslim emir of Córdoba (b. 792)
- Æthelstan, king of Kent (approximate date)
- Aleran, Frankish count and margrave
- Aurelius and Natalia, Christian martyrs
- Beorhtwulf (Bright Wolf), king of Mercia
- Du Mu, Chinese poet and official (b. 803)
- Fredelo, Frankish count (approximate date)
- Harald Klak, king of Denmark (approximate date)
- Íñigo Arista, king of Pamplona (or 851)
- Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, Muslim imam (or 853)
- Lambert II, Frankish count and prefect
- Li Jue, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
- Presian I, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire
853
- March 27 – Haymo, bishop of Halberstadt
- Áilgenán mac Donngaile, king of Munster (Ireland)
- Columba, Spanish nun and martyr
- Ealhere, Kentish thegn
- Gauzbert, count of Maine (approximate date)
- Ishaq ibn Isma'il, emir of Tbilisi (Georgia)
- Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, Muslim imam (or 852)
- Konstanti Kakhi, Georgian nobleman (b. 768)
- Ono no Takamura, Japanese scholar (b. 802)
- Theodrada, Frankish abbess, daughter of Charlemagne (or 844)
- Virasena, Indian mathematician (b. 792)
854
- Abu Thawr, Muslim scholar (b. 764)
- Æthelweard, king of East Anglia
- Eanbert, bishop of Lindisfarne
- Horik I, Viking king of Denmark
- Liudger, bishop of Utrecht (approximate date)
- Osburh, queen of Wessex (approximate date)
- Sahnun ibn Sa'id, Muslim jurist (or 855)
- Túathal mac Máele-Brigte, king of Leinster
- Wang Yuankui, Chinese general (b. 812)
- Wigmund, archbishop of York
855
- July 17 – Leo IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 790)
- September 20 – Gozbald, abbot and bishop of Würzburg
- September 29 – Lothair I, Frankish king and emperor (b. 795)
- November 20 – Theoktistos, Byzantine chief minister
- December 8 – Drogo of Metz, illegitimate son of Charlemagne (b. 801)
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Muslim scholar and theologian (b. 780)
- Boso the Elder, count of Turin and Valois
- Cyngen ap Cadell, king of Powys (Wales)
- Elisedd ap Cyngen, king of Powys (Wales)
- Pepin, count of Vermandois (approximate date)
- Sahnun ibn Sa'id, Muslim jurist (or 854)
- Sico II, prince of Salerno (Italy)
856
- January 7 – Aldric, bishop of Le Mans
- February 4 – Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz
- August 6 – Fujiwara no Nagara, Japanese statesman (b. 802)
- August 16 – Theutbald I, bishop of Langres
- Florinus of Remüs, Frankish priest and martyr
- Godfrid Haraldsson, Viking chieftain (approximate date)
- Guerin, Frankish nobleman (or 845)
- Ilyas ibn Asad, Muslim emir (approximate date)
- Muhammad I Abu 'l-Abbas, Muslim emir
857
- March 11 – Eulogius, Spanish priest and martyr
- Dae Ijin, king of Balhae (Korea)
- Erispoe, king (duke) of Brittany
- Harith al-Muhasibi, Muslim teacher (b. 781)
- Hilderic of Farfa, Frankish abbot
- Kim Yang, viceroy of Silla (Korea) (b. 808)
- Yuhanna ibn Masawaiyh, Assyrian physician
- Matudán mac Muiredaig, king of Ulaid (Ireland)
- Ma Zhi, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
- Munseong, king of Silla (Korea)
- Roderick, Spanish priest and saint
- Wang Shaoding, Chinese governor (jiedushi)
- Yahya ibn Aktham, Muslim jurist
- Zheng Lang, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
- Ziryab, Muslim poet and musician (b. 789)
858
- January 13 – Æthelwulf, king of Wessex
- February 13 – Kenneth I, king of Scotland (b. 810)
- April 17 – Benedict III, pope of the Catholic Church[41]
- Leuthard II, Frankish count (or 869)
- Li Shangyin, Chinese official and poet
- Liu Zhuan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 796)
- Theodosius, patriarch of the Church of the East
- Wei Mo, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 793)
859
- September 7 – Xuān Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (b. 810)
- December 13 – Angilbert II, archbishop of Milan
- Dhul-Nun al-Misri, Egyptian scholar and Sufi (b. 796)
- Immo, bishop of Noyon (approximate date)
- Lu Shang, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 789)
- Máel Gualae, king of Munster (Ireland)
References
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