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化

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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化 U+5316, 化
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5316
← 匕
[U+5315] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 北 →
[U+5317]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...

Han character

化 (Kangxi radical 21, 匕+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人心 (OP), four-corner 24210, composition ⿰亻𠤎(GV) or ⿰亻匕(HTJK))

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𰆳, 𪢼, 𢪎, 𤆷, 𬍕, 𰢺, 𥄒, 𮕬, 𮙉, 𬖒, 𬟹, 𧢽, 𲂨, 𧿕, 𲊢, 𪜐, 𲅒
  • 𰻥, 𣢉, 𩑭, 𩲏, 𠇃, 𠕿, 𫅁, 𠉼, 𠯒, 𱖋, 𮱳, 𱞃, 𰧲, 𩲜, 𩾹, 𭼇, 𫔛, 𣾳, 𣕢, 𫇹

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 152, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 109, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5316
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Chinese

More information trad., simp. # ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 化, Shang ...
More information Old Chinese ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) of two 人 (“person”), one upright (亻) and one upside down (𠤎) — reversal; change. Shuowen also considers 𠤎 to be a phonetic component.

Compare 并, 比, 卬, 尼 and 北.

Etymology 1

A possible derived term is 瓦 (OC *ŋʷraːlʔ, *ŋʷraːls, “earthenware, tile”), by eliminating causative devoicing and adding an endoactive rising tone (上聲), thus literally “that which has transformed (through fire)”. Also related to 貨 (OC *hŋʷaːls, “property, goods”), 吪 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “move, act”), and perhaps 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “false”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Note:
  • hòa - literary (generally used);
  • hòe - vernacular (used in the place name 德化 (Tek-hòe) and as a variant in 化緣 / 化缘 (hòe-iân)).
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

化

  1. to change; to transform
  2. to become; to turn into
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to die
  4. to melt
    把雪化掉  ―  bǎ xuě huàdiào  ―  make snow melt
  5. to dissolve
  6. Suffix denoting "change into ...". Akin to English -ize and -ization.
    民主化  ―  mínzhǔhuà  ―  democratize
    物化  ―  wùhuà  ―  objectify
  7. (chemistry) Affix denoting combination.
    氧化鈣／氧化钙  ―  yǎnghuàgài  ―  calcium oxide
    氫氧化鈉／氢氧化钠  ―  qīngyǎnghuànà  ―  sodium hydroxide
  8. short for 教化 (jiàohuà, “enlightenment; cultivation”)
  9. (in compounds) short for 化學／化学 (huàxué, “chemistry”)
    日化  ―  rìhuà  ―  household chemicals
    化工  ―  huàgōng  ―  chemical industry
  10. to burn (clarification of this definition is needed)
    化寶／化宝  ―  huàbǎo  ―  to burn offerings
  11. (Cantonese) open-minded; enlightened
    睇化 [Cantonese]  ―  tai2 faa3 [Jyutping]  ―  to see things in an open-minded manner
    教極都唔化／教极都唔化 [Cantonese]  ―  gaau3 gik6 dou1 m4 faa3 [Jyutping]  ―  to teach someone repeatedly but still does not become enlightened

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (化):
  • → Japanese: 化(け) (ke); 化(か) (ka)
  • → Korean: 화(化) (hwa)
  • → Vietnamese: hoá (化)

Etymology 2

More information trad., simp. # ...

Pronunciation

Definitions

化 (Hokkien)

  1. to ferment; to brew; to dissolve
    化醬清／化酱清  ―  òa chiùⁿ-chheng  ―  to ferment soybeans and extract soy sauce
    化灰  ―  òa-he  ―  to slake lime
  2. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to soak
    化田  ―  òa-chhân  ―  to soak paddy field with water

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

化 (Hokkien)

  1. alternative form of 灰 (hoa, “to extinguish”)

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 化 – see 花 (“flower; blossom; florid; flowery; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 花).

Compounds

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 化 – see 貨 (“money and goods; property; goods; commodities; products; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 貨).
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Japanese

Kanji

化

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

More information Kanji in this term ...

From Middle Chinese 化 (MC xwaeH).

Pronunciation

Affix

化(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. to change; to take the form of
  2. to influence

Suffix

化(か) • (-ka) ←くわ (-kwa)?

  1. -ization, -ification; action of making something that way
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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 化 (MC xwaeH).

More information Historical Readings ...

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [화(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource 化 (eumhun 될 화 (doel hwa))

  1. hanja form? of 화 (“to be; to become”) [affix]
  2. hanja form? of 화 (“-ization; -ification”) [suffix]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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Vietnamese

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