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斤
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
斤 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹一中 (HML), four-corner 72221, composition ⿸𠂆丅 or ⿸𠂋丨)
- Kangxi radical #69, ⽄.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13534
- Dae Jaweon: page 837, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2022, character 1
- Unihan data for U+65A4
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) - an axe.
Etymology
- ax
- Unclear. Matisoff (2000) relates it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *gyan (“pickax”); possibly also connected to Proto-Hmong-Mien *cwI:m (“axe”), Proto-Tai *xwaːnᴬ (“axe”) and/or Proto-Kam-Sui *kwan (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gan1
- Gan (Wiktionary): jin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing1
- Northern Min (KCR): gé̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gyng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1cin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jin
- Wade–Giles: chin1
- Yale: jīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
- Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gan1
- Yale: gān
- Cantonese Pinyin: gan1
- Guangdong Romanization: gen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn
- Hakka Romanization System: ginˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin1
- Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ginˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kin⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gyng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gyng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kin
- Tâi-lô: kin
- Phofsit Daibuun: kyn
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /kin⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kirn
- Tâi-lô: kirn
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: geng1 / gêng1 / ging1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳng / keng / king
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɯŋ³³/, /keŋ³³/, /kiŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Yilan)
Note:
- geng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
- gêng - Jieyang;
- ging1 - Chaoyang.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: kj+n
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ər/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kɯn/
Definitions
斤
- catty, a unit of weight
- (Mainland China) catty or jin, a traditional unit of weight, equal to 0.5 kilograms
- (Hong Kong) catty or kan, a traditional unit of weight, legally defined as equal to 0.60478982 kilograms (公斤 or sometimes approximated as 500 grams)
- (Taiwan) catty, a traditional unit of weight, equal to 0.6 kilograms, also equal to 16 taels
- (archaic) axe; hatchet
- 匠石運斤成風，聽而斫之。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jiàng Shí yùn jīn chéng fēng, tīng ér zhuó zhī. [Pinyin]
- (The artisan) Shi whirled his axe so as to produce a wind, which immediately carried off the mud entirely.
匠石运斤成风，听而斫之。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- keen; shrewd
See also
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jin
- Wade–Giles: chin1
- Yale: jīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
- Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: kj+nH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kɯns/
Definitions
斤
- only used in 斤斤 (jīnjīn)
Compounds
- 不識斤兩 / 不识斤两
- 偷斤減兩 / 偷斤减两
- 八兩半斤 / 八两半斤
- 公斤 (gōngjīn)
- 分斤掰兩 / 分斤掰两
- 分斤撥兩 / 分斤拨两
- 分斤較兩 / 分斤较两
- 匠石運斤 / 匠石运斤
- 千斤 (qiānjīn)
- 千斤頂 / 千斤顶 (qiānjīndǐng)
- 半斤八兩 / 半斤八两 (bànjīnbāliǎng)
- 四兩撥千斤 / 四两拨千斤 (sì liǎng bō qiān jīn)
- 宋斤魯削 / 宋斤鲁削
- 市斤 (shìjīn)
- 幾斤幾兩 / 几斤几两 (jǐjīnjǐliǎng)
- 彈斤估兩 / 弹斤估两
- 掂斤估兩 / 掂斤估两
- 掂斤抹兩 / 掂斤抹两
- 掂斤播兩 / 掂斤播两
- 搬斤播兩 / 搬斤播两
- 斤兩 / 斤两 (jīnliǎng)
- 斤斤 (jīnjīn)
- 斤斤計較 / 斤斤计较 (jīnjīnjìjiào)
- 斤斧
- 斤斸 / 斤𣃁
- 斧斤 (fǔjīn)
- 有斤兩 / 有斤两
- 沒眼斤 / 没眼斤
- 短斤缺兩 / 短斤缺两
- 秤斤注兩 / 秤斤注两
- 缺斤少兩 / 缺斤少两 (quējīnshǎoliǎng)
- 缺斤短兩 / 缺斤短两 (quējīnduǎnliǎng)
- 肉重千斤
- 臺斤 / 台斤 (táijīn)
- 論斤估兩 / 论斤估两
- 輟斤 / 辍斤
- 運斤成風 / 运斤成风
- 邀斤
- 郢匠揮斤 / 郢匠挥斤
Further reading
- “斤”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
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