昏 - Wikiwand

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...

simp. and trad.		昏
alternative forms		昬𣄾𣄼

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 昏, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 昏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
鍲	*mrɯn
抿	mrɯn, mrɯn, *mrɯnʔ
緡	*mrɯn
捪	*mrɯnʔ
湣	*mrɯnʔ
昏	*hmɯːn
婚	*hmɯːn
閽	*hmɯːn
惛	hmɯːn, hmɯːnʔ, *hmɯːns
棔	*hmɯːn
殙	*hmɯːn

Characters in the same phonetic series (昏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 氏 + 日 (“sun”), or abbreviated 氐 + 日 (“sun”). Hence, the twilight or nightfall is the moment in which the sun (日) lowers and goes down (氏).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark”). Cognate with 悶 (OC *mɯːns, “bored; depressed”), Tibetan མུན་པ (mun pa, “darkness”), Burmese မှုန် (hmun, “dim; gloomy”).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 昏
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuən⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/xuən⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/xuən²¹/
	Jinan	/xuẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/xuə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/xuən²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xuẽ²¹/
	Xining	/xuə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xuŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/xũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/xuŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/xuən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/xuən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/xuen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/xuə̃/
	Nanjing	/xun³¹/
	Hefei	/xuən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/huəŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/huən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/hun³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕy³³/
Hui	Shexian	/xuʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/xuɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/fən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɨn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/fun⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fun²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/wɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/fɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hun⁵⁵/ /hŋ̍⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/huŋ³³/ /hŋ̍³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hun²³/ /hui²³/

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	昏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼昆切
Baxter	xwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huən/
Pan Wuyun	/huon/
Shao Rongfen	/xuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwən/
Li Rong	/xuən/
Wang Li	/xuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan¹

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	昏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hūn
Middle Chinese	‹ xwon ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁu[n]/
English	dusk, dark
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	昏
Reading #	1/1
No.	5529
Phonetic component	昏
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	昏
Old Chinese	/*hmɯːn/

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hūn (hun¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hun¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fûn

(Hailu, HRS): fun^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): fun¹
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hong¹ / huong¹ / hue¹ / huiⁿ¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hun / hng / huiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung¹ / hng¹ / hên¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹huen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hun
  - Wade–Giles: hun¹
  - Yale: hwūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huen
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: hun¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xun
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fan¹
  - Yale: fān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /fun⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fun⁴⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hong¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: heong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵³³/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hue¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hoiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huei⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huiⁿ¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hũĩ⁵³³/

Note:

hong1/huong1 - literary;
hue1/huiⁿ1 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun
  - Tâi-lô: hun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hwn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hng
  - Tâi-lô: hng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hngf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /hŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: huiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvuy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huĩ⁴⁴/

Note:

hun - literary;
hng/huiⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung¹ / hng¹ / hên¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung / hng / heⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³/, /hŋ³³/, /hẽ³³/

Note:

hung1 - literary;
hng1/hên1 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹huen
  - MiniDict: huen^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹hun
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /huən⁵³/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: xwon

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤu[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːn/

Definitions

昏

dusk; nightfall; twilight; dark
confused; dizzy; dazed; muddled
to faint; to lose consciousness
Alternative form of 婚 (hūn, “to marry”)

Compounds

人約黃昏 / 人约黄昏
兩目昏花 / 两目昏花
利令智昏 (lìlìngzhìhūn)
合昏
嚇昏 / 吓昏
大昏
夭昏
天昏地慘 / 天昏地惨
天昏地暗 (tiānhūndì'àn)
天昏地黑
定昏
悶昏昏 / 闷昏昏
慾令智昏 / 欲令智昏 (yùlìngzhìhūn)
昏主
昏亂 / 昏乱 (hūnluàn)
昏倒 (hūndǎo)
昏厥 (hūnjué)
昏君 (hūnjūn)
昏困
昏天暗地
昏天黑地 (hūntiānhēidì)
昏定晨省
昏庸 (hūnyōng)
昏慘慘 / 昏惨惨
昏憊 / 昏惫
昏撒
昏昏
昏昃
昏昕
昏明
昏昏欲睡 (hūnhūnyùshuì)
昏昏沉沉
昏昧
昏星
昏暗 (hūn'àn)
昏暝
昏暴
昏曉 / 昏晓
昏椓
昏沉 (hūnchén)
昏盆打醬 / 昏盆打酱
昏眊
昏眩 (hūnxuàn)
昏瞀
昏睡 (hūnshuì)
昏睡病 (hūnshuìbìng)
昏瞶 / 昏瞆
昏第
昏聵 / 昏聩 (hūnkuì)
昏花 (hūnhuā)
昏華 / 昏华
昏迷 (hūnmí)
昏逆
昏迷不醒
昏邁 / 昏迈
昏鄧鄧 / 昏邓邓
昏鈔 / 昏钞
昏鏡重明 / 昏镜重明
昏鏡重磨 / 昏镜重磨
昏頭 / 昏头
昏頭搭腦 / 昏头搭脑
昏頭昏腦 / 昏头昏脑 (hūntóuhūnnǎo)
昏頭暈腦 / 昏头晕脑
昏頭轉向 / 昏头转向
昏黃 / 昏黄 (hūnhuáng)
昏黑 (hūnhēi)
昏黯黲 / 昏黯黪
昨昏 (cha-hng) (Min Nan)
晨昏 (chénhūn)
晨昏定省
晨昏顛倒 / 晨昏颠倒
氛昏
發昏 / 发昏 (fāhūn)
神昏意亂 / 神昏意乱
童昏
老眼昏花
耳目昏眩
頭昏 / 头昏 (tóuhūn)
頭昏目眩 / 头昏目眩
頭昏眼暗 / 头昏眼暗
頭昏眼暈 / 头昏眼晕
頭昏眼花 / 头昏眼花 (tóuhūnyǎnhuā)
頭昏腦悶 / 头昏脑闷
頭昏腦脹 / 头昏脑胀 (tóuhūnnǎozhàng)
頭暈眼昏 / 头晕眼昏
黃昏 / 黄昏 (huánghūn)
黃昏時分 / 黄昏时分

References

“昏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

昏

Translingual

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Chinese

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