-o-
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "o"
English
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
Adopted from Latin -o-, originating ultimately from Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-). In English, the connective is found from the Middle English period in direct borrowings from Latin. Direct formations of English terms with the connective, always combining Greek or Latin roots, appear from the 16th or 17th century. From the 18th century, the suffix becomes productive in compounds where the second element is English. From about 1800, formations on all sorts of stems become common.
Interfix
-o-
- A linking vowel inserted interconsonantally between two morphemes, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning. It frequently joins words or combining forms of Ancient Greek or Classical Latin origin in the classical compounds of New Latin and international scientific vocabulary, but it can also be used to join modern terms and even abbreviations, either formally or informally.
Derived terms
Translations
See also
Etymology 2
Designated in the USAN guidelines for non-proprietary names of monoclonal antibodies.
Affix
-o-
- (pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a murine source
Related terms
- -mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies. (See that entry for full paradigm.)
References
- USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2000
Further reading
- “-o-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “-o-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- “-o-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- “-o-” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2025.
- “-o-”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
- John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “-o, suffix.”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
Catalan
Alternative forms
- -ò-
Interfix
-o-
- -o- (forms compounds)
Usage notes
Has the stressed variant -ò- which is used before certain mostly monosyllabic suffixes such as -crata, -fag, -fob, -graf, -man, etc.
Derived terms
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech -o-, from Proto-Slavic *-o-.
Interfix
-o-
- forms compounds
Derived terms
Dutch
Interfix
-o-
Derived terms
French
Pronunciation
Interfix
-o-
Derived terms
German
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Interfix
-o-
Derived terms
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Interfix
-o-
See also
Kashubian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o-. Compare Slovincian -ô-
Pronunciation
Interfix
-o-
- used to link two words in some compounds; -o-
Derived terms
Latin
Etymology
Adopted from the thematic vowel in Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-), often used to form nominal compounds. In Ancient Greek, the connective suffix originates in compounds where the first member is thematic, such as δημοκρατία (dēmokratía), but was extended by analogy to other stems, such as μητρόπολις (mētrópolis). The suffix was borrowed as a connective into Latin, mainly in compounds of Greek origin.
The suffix becomes productive and forms new compounds in learned humanist Latin, from the Renaissance. The connective is especially productive in connecting ethnonyms or geographical terms; genuine Greek stems include Gallo-, and Syro-, but most are of medieval or modern origin, productive from the 15th century, such as Anglo-, Graeco- or Latino-.
Interfix
-o-
- (post-classical Latin) Suffix forming nominal compounds
- Anglus (“Angle, English”) + -o- + saxonicus (“Saxon”) → anglosaxonicus (“Anglo-Saxon”)
Derived terms
Old Polish
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-o-
Old Polish -o-
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o-.
Pronunciation
Interfix
-o-
- used in compound words
Derived terms
Descendants
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish -o-.
Pronunciation
Interfix
-o-
- used in compound words
- deszcz + -o- + mierzyć → deszczomierz
Derived terms
See also
Romanian
Interfix
-o-
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o-
Interfix
-o- (Cyrillic spelling -о-)
Derived terms
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o-
Interfix
-o-
- Used to form compounds.
Derived terms
Slovene
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o-
Interfix
-o-
- Used to form compounds.
Derived terms
Swahili
Infix
-o-
- infixed form of -o (“wa class(II), m class(III), and u class(XI) relative marker”)
See also
| class | subject concord | object concord | relative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| affirmative | negative | |||
| m(I) | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
| wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
| m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
| ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
| ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
| vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
| n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
| u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
| pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
| mu(XVIII) | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person,
see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish -u, -o, from the Old Swedish genitive form of Germanic feminine ōn-stems.
Alternates with -u- according to Old Swedish rules of syllable weight, where -o was used after heavy syllables and -u after light.
Interfix
-o-
- Genitival interfix used to link elements in some compounds.
Usage notes
- Used as interfix in compounds with certain old weak feminines ending in -a. Some common ones are hälsa (“health”), e.g. hälsocentral (“health center”); kvinna (“woman”), e.g. kvinnoorganisation (“women's organisation”); känsla (“feeling”), e.g. känsloliv (“emotional life”); vecka (“week”), e.g. veckodag (“day of the week”); vila (“rest”), e.g. vilopuls (“resting heart rate”); lära (“teaching, theory”), e.g. läromedel (“teaching aids”); föda (“food, diet”), e.g. födoämne (“foodstuff”); människa (“human”), e.g. människovärde (“human dignity”); saga (“tale”), e.g. sagobok (“storybook”), etc.
- Alternates with a zero interfix (vowel deletion) in some words, cf. kyrkogård (“churchyard”), but kyrktorn (“church tower”); kronofogde (“enforcement officer”), but kronblad (“petal”).
- The interfix was formerly mostly confined to the written literary language, whereas the spoken colloquial language preferred compounds with no -o- or with -e- in some dialects, but forms with -o- are now common in the spoken language, and formerly colloquial pronunciations such as körrgård for kyrkogård are today less common.
Derived terms
See also
References
- Teleman, Ulf; Hellberg, Staffan; Andersson, Erik & Holm, Lisa (1999). Svenska akademiens grammatik 2 Ord. Stockholm: Svenska akad.
- Wessén, Elias (1958). Svensk språkhistoria. 2, Ordbildningslära. 3. ed. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell
Upper Sorbian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o-.
Pronunciation
Interfix
-o-
- used in compound words
- horni + -o- + serbšćina → hornjoserbšćina
Derived terms
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