-est - Wikiwand

Pronunciation

(UK, US) enPR: ĭst, IPA^(key): /ɪst/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
(General Australian) enPR: əst, IPA^(key): /əst/

Etymology 1

From Middle English -est, from Old English -ost, -est, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, *-ōstaz, related to comparative -er. Cognate of Afrikaans -ste, Dutch -st, German -(e)st, Danish -(e)st, Swedish -(a)st.

Suffix

-est

Used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.
longest, biggest, fastest, motliest

Usage notes

See -er for notes on the usage of this suffix to form superlatives.
Occasionally, the -est suffix is added to a verbal adjective as a substitute for most. An example is winningest.

Coordinate terms

Related terms

-most

Translations

superlative of adjectives and adverbs

Arabic: اَلـ (ar) (al--) (a superlative pattern of the adjective)
Armenian: ամենա- (amena-), -գույն (-guyn)
Basque: -en
Breton: -añ (br)
Burmese: please add this translation if you can
Catalan: més (ca) (before the adjective or adverb, after the definite article)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 最 (zh) (zuì) (prefix)
Czech: nej-
Danish: -est
Dutch: -ste (nl)
Esperanto: plej (eo)
Finnish: (for adjectives) -in (fi)
French: plus (fr) (before the adjective, after the definite article)
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: -ster m, -ste f, am ...-sten (adverbs)
Hungarian: leg- (hu)
Japanese: 一番 (ja) (いちばん, ichiban; placed before the adjective), 最も (ja) (もっとも, mottomo), 最 (ja) (さい, sai-) (Sino-Japanese prefix)
Jeju: ᄀᆞ장 (gawjang), 제일 (jeil), 지중 (jijung)
Khmer: ...ជាងគេ (…ciəng kei)
Korean: 가장 (ko) (gajang), 제일(第一) (ko) (jeil), 최(最)- (choe-) (Sino-Korean prefix)
Lao: ...ທີ່ສຸດ (...thī sut)
Latvian: -ākais m, -ākā f
Malay: ter- (ms)
Mongolian: хамгын (xamgyn)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: -est, (before most long adjectives or adverbs) mest (no)

Nynorsk: -ast, (before most long adjectives or adverbs) mest
Polish: naj- (pl), najbardziej (before the adjective or adverb)
Portuguese: mais (pt) used with definite article
Romanian: mai (ro) (before the adjective or adverb, after the demonstrative article)
Russian: наи- (ru) (nai-) (prefix before comparative forms), са́мый (ru) (sámyj) (before adjectives in the normal form), наибо́лее (ru) (naibóleje) (before adjectives in the normal form), -е́йший (-éjšij), -а́йший (-ájšij) (suffixes follow an adjective form)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: нај-

Roman: naj- (sh)
Slovak: naj-
Spanish: (before the adjective or adverb, after the definite article) más (es)
Swedish: -ast (sv) (1), mest (sv) (before the adjective or adverb) (1)
Thai: ...ที่สุด (th) (...tîi-sùt)
Turkish: en (tr)
Vietnamese: ... nhất (vi) (一 (vi))
Welsh: -af
Yoruba: jù lọ

Etymology 2

From Middle English -est, -st, from Old English -est, -ast, -st, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-zi, from Proto-Indo-European *-si. The -t was by transfer from inverted order where thou followed the verb, which also occurred in most dialects of Middle Dutch and Middle High German (compare modern German -st).

Suffix

-est

(archaic, dialectal) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs. (if thou is the subject; not used with you)
goest, makest, wentest, madest

Alternative forms

-'st, -st

Translations

second-person singular present tense of verbs

Czech: -eš, -íš, -áš
Dutch: -t (nl)
Finnish: -t (fi)
French: -es (fr) (for regular -er verbs); -is (fr) (for regular -ir verb); -s (fr) (for most -re verbs)
German: -st
Hungarian: -sz, -d (hu), -l (hu)
Irish: -air (broad synthetic form, 1st conjugation), -ir (slender synthetic form, 1st conjugation), -aír (broad synthetic form, 2nd conjugation), -ír (slender synthetic form, 2nd conjugation)
Italian: -i (it) (for regular -are and -ere verbs and for those -ire verbs that don't take -isc-)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: -î (ku)
Latin: -as, -es, -is, -s
Polish: -esz, -isz, -ysz, -asz
Portuguese: -as (pt) (1st conjugation), -es (pt) (2nd and 3rd conjugation)
Romanian: -i (most verbs), -ezi (some 1st conjugation verbs), -ești (some 4th conjugation verbs)
Russian: -ешь (-ešʹ), -ёшь (-jóšʹ), -ишь (-išʹ), -ашь (-ašʹ)
Spanish: -as (es), -es (es)

Anagrams

tes, Tse, StE, set, TSE, Set, seṭ, ETS, STE, tse, ETs, TEs, Ste, Ste., SET

	singular	plural
nominative	-est	-esta, -este
accusative	-este	-esta, -este
genitive	-este	-esta
dative	-este	-estum

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Coordinate terms

Related terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Suffix

Alternative forms

Translations

See also

Anagrams

Catalan

Etymology

Suffix

Usage notes

Hungarian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Middle English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Suffix

Etymology 2

Suffix

Descendants

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Declension

Welsh

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms