-ino
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ino"
English
Etymology
From Italian -ino (“-ine, -o: forming diminutives”), from the dative form of Latin -īnus. In its use in physics, originally after the model of earlier neutrino, coined by Enrico Fermi in 1933. Internet slang usages gained currency in the second half of the 2010s.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ino
- (physics) The fermionic supersymmetric partner of a boson (a bosino), symbolized by a tilde over the nonsupersymmetric particle symbol.
- The supersymmetric partner of the photon is a photino.
- In supersymmetry theory, all bosons have fermionic counterparts, known as bosinos.
- (DoggoLingo) A diminutive or endearing suffix.
- (Internet slang, 4chan slang, derogatory) Used to mock progressives through association with DoggoLingo.
Coordinate terms
- (physics): s-
Derived terms
References
- “-ino, suffix”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
Anagrams
Esperanto
Etymology
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ino
- of feminine sex
- bovo (“head of cattle, bull”) + -ino → bovino (“cow”)
- ĉevalo (“horse, stallion”) + -ino → ĉevalino (“mare”)
- filo (“son”) + -ino → filino (“daughter”)
- fraŭlo (“bachelor”) + -ino → fraŭlino (“bachelorette, Miss”)
- karulo (“dear”) + -ino → karulino (fem.)
- knabo (“boy”) + -ino → knabino (“girl”)
- koko (“chicken, rooster”) + -ino → kokino (“hen”)
- koramiko (“boyfriend”) + -ino → koramikino (“girlfriend”)
- leono (“lion”) + -ino → leonino (“lioness”)
- lupo (“wolf”) + -ino → lupino (“she-wolf”)
- onklo (“uncle”) + -ino → onklino (“aunt”)
- patro (“father”) + -ino → patrino (“mother”)
- sinjoro (“Mister”) + -ino → sinjorino (“Madam, Mistress”)
- viro (“man”) + -ino → virino (“woman”)
- vulpo (“fox”) + -ino → vulpino (“vixen”)
- Coordinate term: (neologism) -iĉo (“male”)
Usage notes
Unqualified words for professions and animals do not assume either sex in modern usage, but this was not always the case. When Esperanto was created, people or animals not specifically specified female were traditionally assumed to be male. So, instruisto used to be assumed to mean a male teacher, and a female teacher was an instruistino; the title doktoro used to be assumed to be a man with a doctorate, for a woman it was doktorino. With animals, a bovo was assumed to be a bull, a cow was a bovino. Nowadays, instruisto means a teacher of either gender, though bovo may be either a head of cattle or a bull.
In modern usage, one should only assume a particular sex for family relationships, such as patro (“father”)/patrino (“mother”), edzo (“husband”)/edzino (“wife”), frato (“brother”)/fratino (“sister”), and certain titles, such as sinjoro (“Mister”)/sinjorino (“Missus”).
A common idiom to designate male animals is to make compounds with viro (“man”), such as virbovo for bull (although unidiomatically, this could mean a minotaur). L.L. Zamenhof, the founder of Esperanto, began this usage in the 1920s with his translation of Genesis, and it is now widespread. To designate male professionals, it is common to use the adjective vira, such as vira kelnero for a male waiter.
Of the several neologisms coined to be a male counterpart to -in-, the most frequently used is -iĉ-, which has appeared in some books, but does not have official recognition. For example, boviĉo would be a bull like bovino is a cow, and in such usage bovo would only be a head of cattle.
See also
Ido
Etymology
Back-formation from femino (“female”).
Suffix
-ino
- suffix denoting femininity or a female
- Synonym: -femino
- Antonym: -ulo
- avo (“grandparent”) + -ino → avino (“grandmother”)
- filio (“child, offspring”) + -ino → filiino (“daughter”)
- frato (“sibling”) + -ino → fratino (“sister”)
- kavalo (“horse”) + -ino → kavalino (“mare”)
- kuzo (“cousin”) + -ino → kuzino (“(female) cousin”)
- nepoto (“grandchild”) + -ino → nepotino (“granddaughter”)
- nevo (“nephew or niece, nibling”) + -ino → nevino (“niece”)
- onklo (“uncle or aunt”) + -ino → onklino (“aunt”)
- rejo (“monarch”) + -ino → rejino (“queen”)
- spozo (“spouse”) + -ino → spozino (“wife”)
- yuno (“child”) + -ino → yunino (“girl”)
Derived terms
Italian
Etymology 1
From Latin -īnus. Compare English -ine.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ini, feminine -ina)
- used to form diminutives
- used to indicate a profession
- ciabatta (“slipper”) + -ino → ciabattino (“shoe repairer”, “cobbler”)
- used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin
- Alessandria (“resident or native of Alessandria or Alexandria”) + -ino → alessandrino
- used to indicate tools or instruments
Suffix
-ino (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -ini, feminine plural -ine)
- used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin
- Alessandria (“of Alessandria or Alexandria”) + -ino → alessandrino
- used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities
- smeraldo (“emerald”) + -ino → smeraldino (“emerald (relational); emerald green”)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ino
- used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive and imperative of regular -are verbs
Anagrams
Latin
Suffix
-īnō
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Latin -īnus (“-ine”). Doublet of -inho.
Suffix
-ino m (feminine -ina, plural -inos, feminine plural -inas)
- -ine (of or relating to)
- diamante (“diamond”) + -ino → diamantino (“relating to diamonds”)
- -ine; -like (sharing some properties with; similar to)
- diamante (“diamond”) + -ino → diamantino (“diamond-like”)
- -ine; -er; -ese (forms demonyms (adjectives and nouns))
- Nova Iorque (“New York”) + -ino → nova-iorquino (“New Yorker”)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ino m
Etymology 3
Suffix
-ino m
- (particle physics) -ino (forms the name of supersymmetric partners)
Usage notes
The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:
- ⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine abstract nouns, incl. plurals) → ⟨-cion⟩, ⟨-sion⟩
- ⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, incl. plurals) → ⟨-on⟩
- ⟨-ã(o)⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-(i)an⟩, ⟨-am⟩, or ⟨-(i)on⟩, depending on the base word's etymology
- ⟨-m⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-n⟩
- ⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, incl. plurals) → ⟨-c(i)⟩
- ⟨-vel⟩ (unstressed and adjectival, incl. plurals) → ⟨-bil⟩
- ⟨-z⟩ (adjectival, incl. plurals) → ⟨-c⟩
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
- -ina (after feminine nouns)
Suffix
-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)
- forms diminutives from masculine nouns or adjectives
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)
- -ine (on adjectives)
- (organic chemistry) -yne
Derived terms
Further reading
- “-ino”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
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