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ei

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ei"
Languages (47)
Catalan • Classical Nahuatl • Dutch • Estonian • Fala • Faroese • Finnish • Galician • German • Gothic • Icelandic • Ingrian • Italian • Japanese • Karelian • Kott • Latin • Latvian • Limburgish • Livvi • Malasanga • Mandarin • Mbyá Guaraní • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Middle High German • Murui Huitoto • North Frisian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old High German • Old Saxon • Papiamentu • Portuguese • Romanian • Sabu • Sardinian • Scots • Tedim Chin • Tlingit • Veps • Votic • Welsh • Ye'kwana • Zou • Zyphe
Page categories

Catalan

Pronunciation

Interjection

ei

  1. hey (exclamation to get attention)

Further reading

Classical Nahuatl

Numeral

ei

  1. Obsolete spelling of ēyi.

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ei, from Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.

Pronunciation

Noun

ei n (plural eieren, diminutive eitje n)

  1. egg
    Ik heb een ei gebakken voor het ontbijt. ― I fried an egg for breakfast.
    Pasen is een feest waarbij veel eieren worden geschilderd. ― Easter is a festival where many eggs are painted.
    In deze doos zitten twaalf eieren. ― In this box, there are twelve eggs.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: eier
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: airi
  • Jersey Dutch: āi
  • Negerhollands: ee, eiu, eyu, eju

Anagrams

Estonian

Etymology

From the Proto-Finno-Ugric negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-. Cognates include Finnish ei and Northern Sami ii.

Interjection

ei

  1. no

Antonyms

Verb

ei

  1. (auxiliary verb) don't, doesn't, not: used in negative forms of non-imperative verbs. Ma ei tea. I don't know. (Compare: Ma tean. I know.)

Usage notes

The verb follows the word ei.

In the present tense indicative, the form of the verb coincides with the imperative of the second person singular. In past tenses indicative, the form of the verb is personal past participle. In the conditional mood, the form of the verb coincides with third person singular conditional in the present tense or the past tense. In the indirect mood, the form of the verb is the indirect form.

Derived terms

Fala

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ei, from Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈei̯/
  • Rhymes: -ei̯
  • Syllabification: ei

Pronoun

ei m sg or f sg

  1. First person singular nominative pronoun; I

See also

More information nominative, dative ...
Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
singular first person ei me, -mi mi
second person tú te, -ti ti
third
person		 m el le, -li uLV, oM el
f ela a ela
plural first
person		 common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM		 nos
m noshotrusM noshotrusM
f noshotrasM noshotrasM
second
person		 common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM		 vos
m voshotrusM voshotrusM
f voshotrasM voshotrasM
third
person		 m elis le, -li usLV, osM elis
f elas as elas
third person reflexive — se, -si sí
Close

Dialects:  L Lagarteiru   M Mañegu   V Valverdeñu

References

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse eigi.

Pronunciation

Adverb

ei

  1. not

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • ei og ikki - as well as, both ... and
  • grát ei - do not weep (song title by Eivør Pálsdóttir, 2007)

Finnish

Etymology

The indicative forms are from Proto-Finnic *e-, from Proto-Uralic *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a- (negative verb stem). The imperative forms are from Proto-Finnic *älä-, from the Proto-Finno-Ugric negative imperative verb stem *älä-.

Details and cognates

Noteworthy forms include eivät (pro earlier evät, reformed after ei). For more forms, see the Proto-Finnic and Proto-Uralic pages.

Cognates for the indicative forms include Estonian ei, Karelian ei, Livonian ä’b, Veps ei, Northern Sami ii, Skolt Sami ij, Erzya а- (a-), э- (e-), и- (i-), Eastern Mari ы- (y-), Udmurt уг (ug), Komi-Zyrian оз (oz), Northern Mansi [script needed] (ä-), Forest Enets [script needed] (i-) and Northern Selkup [script needed] (aša) (Taz). Cognates for the imperative forms include Estonian ära, Northern Sami ale, Kildin Sami ель (jel’), Erzya иля (iľa).

Not related to Swedish ej, Icelandic ei, Old Norse eigi, despite the similarity; the Finnic and Norse terms are false cognates.

Pronunciation

Verb

ei (third-person singular indicative)

  1. (auxiliary) The negative verb or negation verb; not, be not, do not, etc. [with connegative]
    En ole käynyt siellä. ― I have not been there.
    Hän ei ole kotona. ― She isn't home.
    Etkö tiedä? ― Don't you know?
    Älä koske siihen! ― Don't touch that!

Usage notes

  • With certain conjunctions, contractions may be used (e.g. miksi + ei → miksei). In some cases, like ellei and jollei, the independent conjunction has fallen out of use, but the contractions still remain in use. For other cases, the contractions are optional, but commonly used. When the contraction is used, the negative verb may effectively shift ahead in the clause:
    En tiedä, miksi hän ei tullut. → En tiedä, miksei hän tullut.
    I don't know why he didn't come.
Grammar
  • The negation verb is used with the connegative form of the main verb.
  • In the active voice, the verb ei is inflected in person and mood (only for imperative, otherwise the indicative forms are used).
    • In the indicative mood and present tense (including for olla in the perfect tense), the connegative form is identical to the second-person singular imperative.
    • In the indicative mood and past tense (including for olla in the pluperfect tense and the main verb in the perfect and pluperfect tenses), the connegative form is the past active participle (-nut / -nyt).
    • In the conditional and potential moods, the connegative ends with the mood markers -isi- and -ne- (without the personal ending), respectively.
    • In the imperative mood, the connegative form is the same as the positive form for the second-person singular, while for the other forms a form ending in -ko / -kö is used.
  • In the passive voice, the third-person singular ei (or älköön for the imperative mood) is used.
    • In the present tense, the connegative form is the impersonal or passive form without the final -an / -än (indicative), -in (conditional), -en (potential) and -on / -ön (imperative).
    • In the past tense (including the perfect and pluperfect tenses), the connegative form is the past passive participle (-ttu / -tty).
  • The total object in the negative is always in the partitive case, not the accusative case (whether that be the nominative, genitive or a special form):
    Näen koiran. → En näe koiraa. ― I see a dog. → I don't see a dog. (accusative → partitive)
    Näen naiset. → En näe naisia. ― I see the women. → I don't see the women. (accusative → partitive)
    Näen sinut. → En näe sinua. ― I (can) see you. → I don't see you. (accusative → partitive)
An example of a full paradigm of active forms
  • Indicative:
  • Hän näkee. → Hän ei näe.
    He sees. / He does see. → He doesn't see.
  • Hän näki. → Hän ei nähnyt.
    He saw. / He did see. → He didn't see.
  • Hän on nähnyt. → Hän ei ole nähnyt.
    He has seen. → He hasn't seen.
  • Hän oli nähnyt. → Hän ei ollut nähnyt.
    He had seen. → He hadn't seen.
  • Conditional:
  • Hän näkisi. → Hän ei näkisi.
    He would see. → He wouldn't see.
  • Hän olisi nähnyt. → Hän ei olisi nähnyt.
    He would have seen. → He wouldn't have seen.
  • Imperative:
  • Näe! → Älä näe!
    See! → Don't see!
  • Potential:
  • Hän nähnee. → Hän ei nähne.
    He probably sees. → He probably doesn't see.
  • Hän lienee nähnyt. → Hän ei liene nähnyt.
    He probably has seen. → He probably hasn't seen.
An example of a full paradigm of passive forms
  • Indicative:
  • Hänet nähdään. → Häntä ei nähdä.
    He is seen. → He isn't seen.
  • Hänet nähtiin. → Häntä ei nähty.
    He was seen. → He wasn't seen.
  • Hänet on nähty. → Häntä ei ole nähty.
    He has been seen. → He hasn't been seen.
  • Hänet oli nähty. → Häntä ei ollut nähty.
    He had been seen. → He hadn't been seen.
  • Conditional:
  • Hänet nähtäisiin. → Häntä ei nähtäisi.
    He would be seen. → He wouldn't be seen.
  • Hänet olisi nähty. → Häntä ei olisi nähty.
    He would have been seen. → He wouldn't have been seen.
  • Imperative (the second form, perfect imperative, is rare):
  • Nähtäköön! → Älköön nähtäkö!
    Let (it) be seen! → Don't let (it) be seen!
  • Oltakoon nähty! → Älköön oltako nähty.
    Let (it) have been seen! → Don't let (it) have been seen!
  • Potential:
  • Hänet nähtäneen. → Häntä ei nähtäne.
    He probably is seen. → He probably isn't seen.
  • Hänet lienee nähty. → Häntä ei liene nähty.
    He probably has been seen. → He probably hasn't been seen.

Conjugation

  • The negation verb has no infinitive form.
  • Indicative, conditional and potential moods use the indicative forms (stem e-), for which the verb is conjugated only in person (the moods are distinguished by the connegative form used).
  • In the imperative mood the negation verb has the stem äl-. As with all verbs, the first-person plural imperative is formal or dated, while the third-person imperative (both singular and plural) is dated.
  • An archaic optative mood exists and is used mainly in poetry.
More information Inflection of, person ...
Inflection of ei
personindicative moodimperative moodoptative mood
1st sing. en——
2nd sing. etälä(ällös)
3rd sing. eiälköön(älköön)
1st plur. emmeälkäämme(älköömme)
2nd plur. etteälkää(älköötte)
3rd plur. eivätälkööt(älkööt)
Close

Derived terms

Interjection

ei

  1. no (used to show disagreement, negation, denial, refusal, or prohibition)
    Onko hauki lintu? Ei, se on kala.
    Is a pike a bird? No, it is a fish.

Usage notes

Usually inflected for person; see above.

Antonyms

Further reading

  • “ei”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Galician

Pronunciation

Interjection

ei

  1. gee up
    Synonym: arre
    Antonym: xo
  2. hey
    Synonyms: eh, oi

References

German

Etymology

For the “caressing” sense compare Dutch aaien.

Pronunciation

Interjection

ei

  1. whoa, hey (expression of surprise)
    Synonyms: ach, oh, huch, hui, hey
  2. (childish, parentese, often reduplicated as ei ei) said when patting or caressing a person or animal

Derived terms

  • ei machen, ei ei machen (“to pat, caress”)

Gothic

Romanization

ei

  1. Romanization of 𐌴𐌹

Icelandic

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ei. A clipping of eigi, from Proto-Germanic *ni aiw-gin (“never”), from *ne, *ni (“not”) + *aiw (“always, for ever”) + *-gin. Not related to Finnish ei (“no”).

Pronunciation

Adverb

ei

  1. (archaic, poetic) not
    Synonyms: eigi, ekki
    Örvæntið ei!
    Despair not!
    Ég veit ei hvað skal segja.
    I know not what to say.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See e.

Pronunciation

Noun

ei

  1. dative singular indefinite of e

References

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *e-, from the Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish ei and Estonian ei.

Pronunciation

Particle

ei

  1. no

Antonyms

Verb

ei

  1. not
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
      Linnuil ono nälkä, evät rooka saa.
      The birds are hungry, they don't get food.

Usage notes

  • ei is a defective verb: It is only inflected for person, and has a distinct imperative series.
Grammar
  • In the indicative, conditional, imperative and potential used with a connegative form of the main verb:
    • In the present indicative the connegative is formally identical to the imperative singular:
      hää ei taho ― she doesn't want
      höö evät taho ― they don't want
    • In the imperfect indicative, the connegative is formally identical to the past active participle (placed in the nominative singular in the singular, nominative plural in the plural):
      hää ei tahtont ― she didn't want
      höö evät tahtoneet ― they didn't want
    • In the conditional the connegative is formally identical to the third-person singular conditional form:
      hää ei tahtois ― she wouldn't want
      höö evät tahtois ― they wouldn't want
    • In the imperative, the connegative is formed by replacing the imperative endings of the verb by the element -ko:
      hää elköö tahtoko! ― may she not want!
      höö elkööt tahtoko! ― may they not want!
    • The second-person singular of the imperative takes a distinct connegative, which is formally identical to the present indicative connegative:
      elä taho! ― do not want!
    • In the potential, the connegative is formed by replacing the connegative endings of the verb by the element -ne:
      hää ei tahtone ― she probably won't want
      höö evät tahtone ― they probably won't want
  • For the impersonal forms, the third-person singular (ei / elköö) is used together with an impersonal connegative:
    ei tahota ― it isn't wanted
    ei tahottu ― it wasn't wanted
    ei tahottais ― it woudn't be wanted
    elköö tahottako ― may it not be wanted
    ei tahottane ― it probably won't be wanted
  • When used to negate an infinitive, adverb, noun, etc., the negative verb agrees with the subject of the sentence:
    hää herviijaa ei ehtiä ― he is afraid to not make it in time
    höö herviijaat evät ehtiä ― they are afraid to not make it in time

Conjugation

More information Inflection of, indicative ...
Inflection of ei
indicative imperative
1st singular en -
2nd singular et elä
3rd singular ei elköö
1st plural emmä -
2nd plural että elkää
3rd plural evät elkööt
impersonal ei elköö
*) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-kä?) or -kse to the indicative.
Close

References

  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 128
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 29
  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 24
  • Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 15

Italian

Japanese

Karelian

Kott

Latin

Latvian

Limburgish

Livvi

Malasanga

Mandarin

Mbyá Guaraní

Middle Dutch

Middle English

Middle High German

Murui Huitoto

North Frisian

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Nynorsk

Old Galician-Portuguese

Old High German

Old Saxon

Papiamentu

Portuguese

Romanian

Sabu

Sardinian

Scots

Tedim Chin

Tlingit

Veps

Votic

Welsh

Ye'kwana

Zou

Zyphe

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