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hel

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "hel"

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /heːˀl/, [ˈhe̝ˀl]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse heill, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, sound”), cognate with English whole, German heil, Dutch heel, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails).

Adjective

hel (neuter helt, plural and definite singular attributive hele)

  1. whole, entire, complete, full (undivided, with all elements)
  2. whole, intact, undamaged (not broken)
  3. the hour, top of the hour (at the start of a new hour)
  4. entire (Used to indicate that an amount is considered large.)
    • 2012, Jan Sonnergaard, Trilogien, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:
      Man kan være så frygteligt alene i måneder, hele måneder ad gangen, og gøre stort set alt hvad der står i éns magt for at komme i kontakt.
      One can be so terribly alone for months, entire months at a time, and do practically anything in one's power to get in contact.
    • 2012, Ib Melchior, Spionjæger - en dansk kontraspions bedrifter i den amerikanske hær under 2. verdenskrig, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:
      Jeg så en mand, der holdt sin Soldbuch frem til samtlige GI'er, der gik forbi i en hel halv time, og ingen tog notits af ham.
      I saw a man who held out his Soldbuch to every single GI who want past him for an entire half hour, and no one took any notice of him.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

hel

  1. imperative of hele

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɦɛl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: hel
  • Rhymes: -ɛl

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch helle, from Old Dutch hella, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun

hel f (plural hellen, diminutive helletje n)

  1. (religion, mythology) hell, an infernal afterlife
    Synonyms: poel, jammerpoel
    Ik hoop dat je zal branden in de hel. ― I hope you will burn in hell.
  2. (figurative) a terrible place or ordeal
    Hij maakte daarmee haar leven tot een hel. ― With that he made her life into a hell.
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Negerhollands: hel, hei

Etymology 2

Probably borrowed from German hell (“shining, very light”).

Adjective

hel (comparative heller, superlative helst)

  2. bright
    Synonym: helder
Declension
More information Declension of, uninflected ...
Declension of hel
uninflected hel
inflected helle
comparative heller
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial helhellerhet helst
het helste
indefinite m./f. sing. hellehellerehelste
n. sing. helhellerhelste
plural hellehellerehelste
definite hellehellerehelste
partitive helshellers—
Close

Etymology 3

See hal.

Noun

hel n or f (plural hellen, diminutive helletje n)

  1. Alternative form of hal (“frozen spot”)

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

hel

  1. inflection of hellen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

References

  • van Veen, P.A.F., van der Sijs, Nicoline (1997) Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden (in Dutch), Utrecht, Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie, →ISBN

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hel, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun

hel f (genitive singular heljar, no plural)

  1. hell (underworld), [[death]

Usage notes

  • The dative helju also occurs, mainly in the phrase heimta úr helju.
  • The word is normally not used with suffixed article, but the genitive definite form, heljarinnar, occurs as an intensifier (meaning something like “hell of a”).

Declension

More information singular, indefinite ...
Declension of hel (sg-only feminine)
singular
indefinite definite
nominative hel —
accusative hel —
dative hel, helju1 —
genitive heljar heljarinnar1
Close

1In set phrases.

Limburgish

Etymology 1

From Early Modern Limburgish hèl, from Middle Dutch helle.

Alternative forms

Noun

hel f

  1. hell
  2. (figuratively) a bad place to be
    Synonym: verdommenis

Etymology 2

From earlier helle.

Alternative forms

Adjective

hel (comparative helder, superlative hels, predicative superlative 't hèls)

  1. hard, tough, difficult
  2. hard, rough, pointed
  3. hard, heavy
  4. hard, solid
  5. loud

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

hel

  1. Alternative form of hele (“health”)

Etymology 2

Proper noun

hel

  1. Alternative form of helle

Northern Kurdish

Noun

hel f

  1. solution

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • hel bûn
  • hel kirin
  • helbûn
  • helkirin
  • helbûyî
  • helkirî

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse heill (“whole, complete”), from Proto-Germanic *hailaz.

Alternative forms

Adjective

hel (neuter singular helt, definite singular and plural hele)

  1. whole, unbroken
    Hun har ikke røykt på en hel uke.
    She hasn't smoked for a whole week.
    Jeg vet ikke, hele denne greia virker litt risikabel for meg.
    I don't know, this whole thing seems a little risky to me.
    Jeg tror ikke han forstår hvorfor, Harry, men han hadde det så travelt med å kveste sin egen sjel at han aldri tok seg tid til å forstå den uforliknelige kraft i en sjel som er uplettet og hel. (from page 463 of the Norwegian translation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry Potter og Halvblodsprinsen)
    I do not think he understands why, Harry, but he was in such a hurry to mutilate his own soul, he never paused to understand the incomparable power of a soul that is untarnished and whole. (from page 478 of the original British version of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince)
  2. pure, all
    Jeg fikk tak i en genser i hel ull, den blir god å ha når vinteren kommer.
    I got myself a pure wool sweater, it'll come in handy when winter arrives.
  3. (used as a noun) it, all of it, the whole/entire thing
    Og det beste ved det hele er at jeg slipper å se deg i to, hele måneder!
    And the best part of it is that I don't have to see you for two whole months!
Synonyms
whole, unbroken, pure
Derived terms

See also terms derived from heil

Etymology 2

Verb

hel

  1. imperative of hele

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse hel, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”). Cognate with Faroese and Icelandic hel.

Pronunciation

Noun

hel f

  1. death, underworld
    i hel ― to death
  2. (Norse mythology) Hel (the realm of the dead who did not die in combat)
    Synonyms: helheim, daudeheim, dauderike

Derived terms

  • Hel (“goddess of the death realm”)
  • helauga
  • helblakk (“pale as a corpse”)
  • helborg (“death realm”)
  • helfar (“cause of death”)
  • helferd (“moment of death”)
  • helgrind (“gates of the death realm”)
  • helheim(en) (“(the) death realm”)
  • helherre (“lord of the death, devil”)
  • helhest (“horse with three legs and no head”)
  • helhund (“Cerberus”)
  • helhunger (“strong hunger felt before death”)
  • helhær, helher (“army from the death realm”)
  • heljar- (e.g. heljarkjøp “hell of a purchase”)
  • helkjerring (“death goddess”)
  • helkunst
  • helmann (“sorcerer with help from the death realm”)
  • helmaur, helmott (“itching from a deadly illness”)
  • helnatt
  • helorar (“bewilderment”)
  • helord (“cruel words”)
  • helsott (“deadly illness”)
  • helstikke
  • helsynt (“foreseeing one’s death”)
  • heltroll, heltuss (“demon”)
  • helvete (“hell”)

References

  • “hel” in The Ordnett Dictionary
  • “hel” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

hel f

  1. Alternative form of hell

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

More information singular, plural ...
singular plural
nominative hel hela, hele
accusative hele hela, hele
genitive hele hela
dative hele helum
Close

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos. Cognates include Old English hāl, Old Saxon hēl and Old Dutch heil.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈheːl/, [ˈhɛːl]

Adjective

hēl

  1. whole

Descendants

  • Saterland Frisian: heel
  • West Frisian: hiel

References

  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *haljō. Doublet of Hel.

Noun

hel f (genitive heljar, dative helju)

  1. (Germanic paganism) the underworld, personified the goddess of the same name
  2. (Christianity) Hell

Declension

More information feminine, singular ...
Declension of hel (strong jō-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hel helin heljar heljarnar
accusative hel helina heljar heljarnar
dative hel, helju helinni, heljunni heljum heljunum
genitive heljar heljarinnar helja heljanna
Close

Note the -u in the dative singular.

Descendants

  • Icelandic: hel
  • Faroese: hel
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: hel
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: hel
  • ⇒ Old Norse: í hel
    • Icelandic: í hel
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: i hel, ihel-
    • Old Swedish: i häl, ihiäl
    • Old Danish: i hæl, i hiel

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hel”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun

hel f

  1. hell
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz.

Adjective

hēl

  1. whole, hale
Declension
More information Strong declension, singular ...
Positive forms of hēl
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative hēl hēl hēl hēle, hēla hēla hēl, hēla
accusative hēlan, hēlen hēla hēl hēla, hēle hēla hēl, hēla
genitive hēles, hēlas hēlara, hēlaro hēles, hēlas hēlaro, hēloro, hēlero hēlaro, hēloro, hēlero hēlaro, hēloro, hēlero
dative hēlumu, hēlum, hēlun, hēlun, hēlon, hēlen, hēlan hēlaro, hēlaru, hēlara hēlumu, hēlum, hēlun, hēlun, hēlon, hēlen, hēlan hēlun, hēlon, hēlum hēlun, hēlon hēlun, hēlon, hēlum
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative hēlo, hēla hēla, hēle hēla, hēle hēlon, hēlun hēlon, hēlun, hēlan hēlon, hēlun
accusative hēlon, hēlan hēlun, hēlon, hēlan hēla, hēle hēlon, hēlun hēlon, hēlun, hēlan hēlon, hēlun
genitive hēlen, hēlan hēlun, hēlan, hēlen hēlen, hēlan hēlono, hēleno hēlono hēlono, hēleno
dative hēlon, hēlen, hēlan hēlun, hēlan hēlon, hēlen, hēlan hēlon, hēlun hēlon, hēlun hēlon, hēlun
Close
Descendants

Etymology 3

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz, a noun of similar derivation to the above adjective.

Noun

hēl n

  1. omen
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
hēl (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative hēl hēl
accusative hēl hēl
genitive hēles hēlō
dative hēle hēlun
instrumental — —
Close
Descendants
  • Middle Low German: hēl

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Dutch geel.

Adjective

hel

  1. yellow

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
More information Chemical element ...
Chemical element
He
Previous: wodór (H)
Next: lit (Li)
Close

Pronunciation

 

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from New Latin hēlium.

Noun

hel m inan (related adjective helowy)

  1. helium (second lightest chemical element (symbol He) with an atomic number of 2 and atomic weight of 4.002602, a colorless, odorless, and inert noble gas)
Declension
More information singular, nominative ...
singular
nominative hel
genitive helu
dative helowi
accusative hel
instrumental helem
locative helu
vocative helu
Close
Declension of hel
Derived terms
nouns

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Perhaps related to Hel”)

Noun

hel m inan

  1. (Kociewie, Malbork) airy, high place
Alternative forms

Further reading

  • hel in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • hel in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • hel in PWN's encyclopedia
  • Dr Nadmorski (Józef Łęgowski) (1889) “hel”, in “Spis wyrazów właściwych gwarze malborskiej i kociewskiej”, in Wisła. Miesięcznik Geograficzno-Etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 3 z.4, page 744

Somali

Verb

hel

  1. to like
  2. to find

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse heill, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz.

Pronunciation

Adjective

hel (comparative helare, superlative helast)

  1. (only attributively) (the) whole
    Hela huset brann ner
    The whole house burned down
    Jag skulle kunna äta en hel elefant
    I could eat an entire elephant
  2. whole (intact, not broken)
    Fönstret är helt
    The window isn't broken
  3. (as a prefix) completely, totally, full, whole

Declension

More information Indefinite, positive ...
Inflection of hel
Indefinite positive comparative superlative1
common singular hel helare helast
neuter singular helt helare helast
plural hela helare helast
masculine plural2 hele helare helast
Definite positive comparative superlative
masculine singular3 hele helare helaste
all hela helare helaste
Close

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Derived terms

References

Welsh

West Frisian

Yola

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