os

Symbol

os

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Ossetian.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Ossetian terms

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin os (“a bone”).

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ōs (“the mouth”).

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Swedish ås.

Etymology 4

From o +‎ -s.

References

• “os”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “os”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

• SO, S/O, s.o., so, So, So., S&O, s/o, S.O.

Etymology

From Dutch os.

Noun

os (plural osse, diminutive ossie)

1. ox (castrated bull)

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *lōs, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈos/
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: os

Article

os m pl

1. the

   Os lugars d'Aragón

   The villages of Aragon

Alternative forms

• osu

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os. Compare Romanian os.

Noun

os n (plural oasi or oase)

1. bone

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan os, from Latin ossum, non-standard variant of os.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin ursus, from Proto-Italic *orssos. Compare French ours, Occitan ors, Spanish oso.

Etymology 3

Etymology 1

From Old Norse oss (“us”).

Etymology 2

Disputed.

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *usun. Compare Mongolian ус (us).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/, [ɔs]

Noun

os

1. water

   En osii ter nyadem waagw tunpund suree.

   Please pour water into that washbowl.

References

• Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Etymology

From Middle Dutch osse, from Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: os
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Noun

os m (plural ossen, diminutive osje n)

1. ox (castrated bull)

Further reading

• “os” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Alternative forms

• us (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /os/
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: os

Article

os m pl (singular o, feminine a, feminine plural as)

1. (Mañegu) Masculine plural definite article; the
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     En esti territorio se han assentau, en os anus que se indican, os habitantis siguientis:

     In this territory there were living, in the years specified, the following (amount of) inhabitants:

Pronoun

os

1. (Mañegu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French os, from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Pronunciation

• (singular) IPA^(key): /ɔs/

  • Audio (France):

    (file)

  • Audio:

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ɔs
• (plural) IPA^(key): /o/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Homophones: au, aulx, aux, eau, eaux, ho, o, ô, oh (general), haut, hauts (aspirated)
• After consonants other than /z/, the plural may alternatively be pronounced like the singular (cf. the same in œufs).
• Colloquially, some speakers use the hybrid form /os/ for both singular and plural.

Noun

os m (plural os)

1. bone

   Le chien a enterré un os.

   The dog buried a bone.

2. (informal) snag, hitch

   Synonyms: hic, accroc, anicroche

   Il y a un os. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Further reading

• “os”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• SO

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs, accusative plural of ille (“that”).

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Further reading

• “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “os”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “os”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “os”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Etymology

From Portuguese osso. Cognate with Kabuverdianu osu.

Noun

os

1. bone

Etymology

Can be compared to Proto-Basque *oso (“whole, complete”) and to Basque oso.

Adjective

os

1. whole
2. great

References

• Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɔsˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ʌsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish oss, from Proto-Celtic *uxsū, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn (“bull”).

Etymology 2

From Old Irish úas, ós, from Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-.

Mutation

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “os”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• “os”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os.

Noun

os n (plural ose, definite singular osu, definite plural osele)

1. bone

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á, Old English ōr.

Noun

ōs n (genitive ōris); third declension

1. mouth

   Synonym: bucca

   Hyponyms: buccula, ōsculum

   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.2.35–36:

     opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī
     ōre necātūrās accipiēmus aquās

     Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying, by mouth we will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
     (The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)

   • Genesis, Vulgate 8.11:

     at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram

     But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to an end.

2. (transferred sense) (in general) head or face

   Synonym: caput

   Synonyms: (Vulgar Latin) cara, faciēs, frōns, vultus

   ad aliquem ora convertere ― to turn the head or face towards someone

   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.4.124:

     Gorgonis os pulcherrimum cinctum anguibus revellit atque abstulit, […]

     • 1856 translation by Charles Duke Yonge

       […] he tore off and took away a very fine head of the Gorgon with snakes for hair;

   • c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 1.61:

     adiacebant fragmina telorum equorumque artus, simul truncis arborum antefixa ora.

     • 1864–1877 translation by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb

       Near, lay fragments of weapons and limbs of horses, and also human heads, prominently nailed to trunks of trees.

3. (transferred sense) (in general) facial features, countenance, appearance
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.328–329:

     “[...] Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamen ōre referret, [...].”

     “If [only] for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although [lizards were gone], would recall lizards by his appearance, [...].”

4. (poetic) speech
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.423:

     […] primi clipeos mentitaque tela / adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.

     • 1697 translation by John Dryden

       They first observe, and to the rest betray, / Our diff'rent speech; our borrow'd arms survey.

5. mouth, lips, opening, entrance, aperture, orifice
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660:

     Dīxit et ōs impressa torō, [...] / ait [...].

     [Dido] spoke and, having pressed her lips upon the bed, cried out: [...].
     (Although many translations have Dido bury her “face” in the “couch,” still others convey the symbolism of a farewell kiss. See: Fitzgerald, 1981: “And here she kissed the bed”; Ruden, 2021: “She kissed the bed”.)

6. beak of a ship
7. edge of a sword

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Inflection

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	ōs	ōra
genitive	ōris	ōrum
dative	ōrī	ōribus
accusative	ōs	ōra
ablative	ōre	ōribus
vocative	ōs	ōra

Close

Derived terms

• cōram
• ōrālis
• ōrārium
• ōreae
• ōrō
• ōscillum
• ōscitō
• ōsculum
• Ostia
• ōstīgō
• ōstium

Descendants

• → English: os

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

Noun

os n (genitive ossis); third declension

1. (literal, anatomy) bone
2. (figurative) bone as a metaphor for something deep within the body or frame, one’s innermost being or feeling, a generalized physical presence more than a specific anatomical location
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.100-101:

     “[...] Habēs tōtā quod mente petīstī:
     ārdet amāns Dīdō, trāxitque per ossa furōrem.”

     [Juno says to Venus:] “You have what you sought with all your heart: Dido burns [with] love, and it has drawn the passion through her bones.”

   • Anonymous, Regula Magistri :

     ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viam ossibus non posse de lecto surgere

     By the same mouth they respond that, due to their weary bones after travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.

   1. (transferred sense) hard or innermost part of trees or fruits; heartwood
3. (figurative) bones, framework or outline of a discourse

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Inflection

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	os	ossa
genitive	ossis	ossium
dative	ossī	ossibus
accusative	os	ossa
ablative	osse	ossibus
vocative	os	ossa

Close

Derived terms

• exos
• exossō
• osseus
• ossiculum
• ossifraga
• ossifragus
• ossilagō
• ossilegium
• ossuārius
• ossuōsus

Related terms

• exossātus
• ossuārium

Descendants

Descendants

• Aragonese: güeso
• Aromanian: os
• Asturian: güesu
• Catalan: os
• Corsican: ossu
• Dalmatian: vuas
• Fala: osu
• Franco-Provençal: ôs
• French: os
• Friulian: vues
• Galician: óso
• Istriot: uosso
• Istro-Romanian: os
• Italian: osso
• Megleno-Romanian: uos
• Mirandese: uosso
• Occitan: òs
• Piedmontese: òss
• Portuguese: osso
• Romanian: os
• Romansch: ies, oss
• Sardinian: ossu
• Sicilian: ossu
• Spanish: hueso
• Venetan: oso
• → English: os

References

• "ōs", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ŏs", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ōs", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "os", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• os in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1095.
• "os", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to praise a man to his face: aliquem coram, in os or praesentem laudare
    
  • to be in every one's mouth: in ore omnium or omnibus (hominum or hominibus, but only mihi, tibi, etc.) esse
    
  • to harp on a thing, be always talking of it: in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5)
    
  • physics; natural philosophy: physica (-orum) (Or. 34. 119); philosophia naturalis
    
  • logic, dialectic: dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia)
    
  • all agree on this point: omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt
    
  • unanimously: una voce; uno ore
    
  • mathematics: mathematica (-ae) or geometria (-ae), geometrica (-orum) (Tusc. 1. 24. 57)
    
  • arithmetic: arithmetica (-orum)
    
  • arithmetic: numeri (-orum)
    
  • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    
  • maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word): favete ore, linguis = εὐφημειτε
    
  • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    
  • (ambiguous) to draw every one's eyes upon one: omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri
    
  • (ambiguous) to be a subject for gossip: in ora vulgi abire
    
• Dizionario Latino italiano, Olivetti

Pronoun

os

1. Alternative form of us

Etymology

Inherited from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Noun

os m (plural os)

1. bone

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /œs/

Pronoun

ös

1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uːs/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse óss. Same as Latin os.

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Etymology 3

Etymology 4

Further reading

• “os” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “os”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Alternative forms

• osě, osa (later)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈos/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈos/

Noun

os f

1. axis, shaft
   • 15th century, Alexandreida, zlomek svatovítský:

     Tu kořist vzkladú na koně,
     každý kóň pojide stóně.
     Vztřěštěchu osi i kola,
     nebo jim kořist odola.

     They put the booty on the horses,
     every horse rode moaning.
     The shafts as well as wheels cracked
     because the booty overpowered them.

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “os”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ansu, from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“engender, beget”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oːs/

Noun

ōs m

1. a god
2. the runic character ᚩ (/o/ or /oː/)

Etymology

From Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/

Noun

os oblique singular, m (oblique plural os, nominative singular os, nominative plural os)

1. bone