longer
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English longer, longere, normalisation of Middle English lenger, lengere (“longer”), from Old English lengra (“longer”), from Proto-Germanic *langizô (“longer”), comparative of Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), equivalent to long + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian laanger (“longer”), West Frisian langer (“longer”), Dutch langer (“longer”), German länger (“longer”), Danish længere (“longer”), Swedish längre (“longer”), Icelandic lengri (“longer”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
longer
- comparative form of long: more long
Adverb
longer
- comparative form of long: more long
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
longer (plural longers)
Further reading
- “longer”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
French
Etymology
Pronunciation
Verb
longer
- to walk along, run along
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written longe- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
| infinitive | simple | longer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | longeant /lɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | longé /lɔ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
longes /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
longeons /lɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
longez /lɔ̃.ʒe/ |
longent /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect | longeais /lɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
longeais /lɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
longeait /lɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
longions /lɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
longiez /lɔ̃.ʒje/ |
longeaient /lɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | longeai /lɔ̃.ʒe/ |
longeas /lɔ̃.ʒa/ |
longea /lɔ̃.ʒa/ |
longeâmes /lɔ̃.ʒam/ |
longeâtes /lɔ̃.ʒat/ |
longèrent /lɔ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | longerai /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
longeras /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
longera /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
longerons /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
longerez /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
longeront /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | longerais /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
longerais /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
longerait /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
longerions /lɔ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
longeriez /lɔ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ |
longeraient /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
longes /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
longions /lɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
longiez /lɔ̃.ʒje/ |
longent /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | longeasse /lɔ̃.ʒas/ |
longeasses /lɔ̃.ʒas/ |
longeât /lɔ̃.ʒa/ |
longeassions /lɔ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
longeassiez /lɔ̃.ʒa.sje/ |
longeassent /lɔ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
— | longeons /lɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
longez /lɔ̃.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of longer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
See also
Further reading
- “longer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
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