penalty

Alternative forms

• pœnalty (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle French pénalité, from pénal, from Latin poenālis, from poena, borrowing of Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ), from Proto-Hellenic *kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂, comprising *kʷey- + *-néh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛnəlti/, (Indic) /peˈnælʈi/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pen‧al‧ty

Noun

penalty (plural penalties)

1. A legal sentence.

   The penalty for his crime was to do hard labor.

2. A punishment for violating rules of procedure.
   • 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:

     Was it so irreconcilable, Warwick wondered, as still to peal out the curfew bell, which at nine o'clock at night had clamorously warned all negroes, slave or free, that it was unlawful for them to be abroad after that hour, under penalty of imprisonment or whipping?

3. (finance) A payment forfeited for an early withdrawal from an account or an investment.
4. In sports
   1. (soccer) A direct free kick from the penalty spot, taken after a defensive foul in the penalty box; a penalty kick.
   2. (ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.

      A penalty was called when he tripped up his opponent.

5. A disadvantageous consequence of a previous event.
   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 126:

     "But you, my noble, my generous girl!" exclaimed Lord Avonleigh, "I dare not let you pay the penalty of my former folly."

See also

• free kick

Anagrams

• a-plenty, aplenty, netplay

Etymology

Borrowed from English penalty.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pe‧nal‧ty

Noun

penalty m (plural penalty's, diminutive penalty'tje n)

1. (soccer) penalty kick

   Synonym: strafschop

Alternative forms

• pénalty (post-1990 spelling)

Etymology

Borrowed from English penalty, itself a borrowing from French pénalité (thus a reborrowing). Doublet of pénalité.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe.nal.ti/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

penalty m (plural penaltys or penalties)

1. (sports) penalty, penalty kick

Further reading

• “penalty”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Alternative forms

• penalti

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French penalty or English penalty.

Noun

penalty n (plural penalty-uri)

1. (soccer, sports) penalty