these

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these

Etymology

From Middle English þes, from Old English þas, from Proto-West Germanic *þes-, a form of Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só. Compare with German diese.

Pronunciation

(UK, Canada) enPR: thēz, IPA^(key): /ðiːz/
Audio (UK): (file)
(General American) IPA^(key): /ðiz/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -iːz

Determiner

these

plural of this
- 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
  He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.
- Seinfeld, The Alternate Side
  These pretzels are making me thirsty.

Usage notes

Depending on the context, the word those may be used either in place of or interchangeably with these.

Translations

plural of this

Arabic: (nonhuman pl) هٰذِهِ f (hāḏihi), هٰؤُلَاءِ pl (hāʔulāʔi)
Gulf Arabic: هذيل (haḏēl), هذيلي (haḏēli), هذول (haḏōl)

Hijazi Arabic: هذول (hādōl, hadōl), هذولا (hādōla, hadōla), ذول (dōl), ذولا (dōla)
Armenian: այս (hy) (ays)
Azerbaijani: bunlar
Beja: een m, taan f
Belarusian: гэ́тыя pl (hétyja)
Bulgarian: ти́я (tíja), те́зи (bg) (tézi)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 呢啲 (ni¹ di¹, nei¹ di¹)

Hakka: 這兜 / 这兜 (yá-têu, liá-têu)

Hokkien: 遮的 (zh-min-nan) (chiâ-ê, chiah-ê, chia-ê), 拽 (choâi, choai)

Mandarin: 這些 / 这些 (zh) (zhèxiē)

Teochew: 只撮 (zi² coh⁴)
Classical Nahuatl: inihqueh in
Czech: tito (cs), tyto (cs), tato (cs)
Dutch: die (nl) m or f, deze (nl) m or f
Esperanto: ĉi tiuj, tiuj ĉi
Estonian: need (et) pl
Finnish: nämä (fi), nää (fi) (colloquial)
French: ces (fr) m or f, ces …-ci pl
Georgian: ესენი (eseni)
German: diese (de)
Greenlandic: makku
Guaraní: ko'ã
Hopi: ima
Hungarian: ezek (hu), ezeket (hu)
Icelandic: þessir (is) m, þessar (is) f, þessi (is) n
Ido: ici (io) pl, ci (io) pl
Ingrian: nämät
Interlingua: iste (ia)
Italian: questi (it)
Japanese: この (ja) (kono) (same as singular), (for plural) これらの (korera-no)
Kazakh: бұлар (būlar)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: ev (ku), van (ku)
Latin: hī (la) m pl, hae (la) f pl, haec (la) n pl
Macedonian: овие pl (ovie)
Maltese: dawn
Maori: ēnei
Norwegian: disse (no)
Persian: این (fa) (in)
Polish: te (pl) pl or f, ci (pl) pl or m (see: ten for all forms)
Portuguese: estes (pt) (1st person, close to the speaker); esses (pt) (2nd person, close to the listener)
Romanian: acești m pl, aceste f pl, ăștia m pl (informal), astea f pl (informal)
Russian: э́ти (ru) pl (éti)
Scots: thir
Scottish Gaelic: seo
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ови pl

Roman: ovi (sh) pl
Slovak: títo
Slovene: ti (sl) pl
Spanish: estos (es) m, estas (es) f
Swedish: de här (sv), dessa (sv), dom här (informal)
Talysh:
Thai: เหล่านี้ (làoníi)
Asalemi: ام (əm)
Ukrainian: ці (uk) pl (ci)
Walloon: ces (wa) m or f (followed by adverb "ci" or "cial" or "vola" after noun)
Welsh: hyn, yma

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Aramaic:
Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} הלין c (hāleyn, holeyn)

Syriac: ^{(please verify)} ܗܠܝܢ c (hāleyn, holeyn)
Dutch: ^{(please verify)} deze (nl)
Italian: ^{(please verify)} questi (it)
Japanese: ^{(please verify)} これら (ja) (korera)
Korean: ^{(please verify)} 이것들 (igeotdeul), ^{(please verify)} 이걸 (igeol)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ئەمانە (emane)
Swedish: ^{(please verify)} dessa (sv), ^{(please verify)} de här (sv)
Turkish: ^{(please verify)} bunlar (tr)

Pronoun

these

plural of this

Translations

plural of this

Armenian: սրանք (hy) (srankʻ)
Old Armenian: սոքա (sokʻa)
Bulgarian: ти́я (tíja), те́зи (bg) (tézi)
Czech: tito (cs)
Finnish: nämä (fi)
French: ceux-ci (fr), celles-ci (fr)
Georgian: ესენი (eseni)
German: diese (de) pl
Greenlandic: makku
Hungarian: ezek (hu), ezeket (hu)
Ido: ici (io) pl, ci (io) pl
Ingrian: nämät
Italian: questi (it) m pl
Japanese: これら (ja) (korera)
Kannada: ಇವರು m or f (ivaru), ಇವುಗಳು n (ivugaḷu), ಇವು (kn) (ivu)
Latin: hī (la) m pl, hae (la) f pl, haec (la) n pl
Persian: این‌ها, اینها (fa) (inhâ)
Polish: te (pl) pl or f pl, ci (pl) m pl (see: ten for all forms)
Portuguese: esses (pt), estes (pt) m pl
Quechua: kaykuna
Russian: э́ти (ru) (éti)
Scots: thir anes
Scottish Gaelic: iad seo
Slovak: títo
Spanish: éstos (es)
Turkish: bu (tr), bunlar (tr) pl
Turoyo: ܗܰܢܝ (hani)
Ukrainian: ці (uk) (ci)
Welsh: y rhain

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Arabic: ^{(please verify)} هٰذِهِ (hāḏihi)
Aramaic:
Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} הלין c (hāleyn, holeyn)

Syriac: ^{(please verify)} ܗܠܝܢ c (hāleyn, holeyn)
Dutch: ^{(please verify)} deze (nl)
Korean: ^{(please verify)} 이것들 (igeotdeul), ^{(please verify)} 이걸 (igeol)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ئەمانە (emane)
Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 這些 / 这些 (zh), ^{(please verify)} 这些 (zh) (zhèxiē)
Swedish: ^{(please verify)} dessa (sv), ^{(please verify)} de här (sv)

Derived terms

Anagrams

Sheet, seeth, sheet, thees

Alternative forms

thesis (dated)

Etymology

Borrowed from French thèse, from Latin thēsis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈteː.zə/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: the‧se
Rhymes: -eːzə

Noun

these f (plural theses or thesen)

statement, thesis, proposition
Synonym: stelling
thesis (lengthy essay)
Synonyms: scriptie, proefschrift, dissertatie

Usage notes

These and proefschrift are general terms for any thesis or dissertation submitted for the attainment of an academic degree, whereas scriptie usually refers specifically to a final assignment as part of a bachelor's or master's degree and dissertatie usually refers to a doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis.

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Plural
nominative	these	thit	thiusa	thiese
accusative	thesen	thit	thesa	thesa
genitive	theses	theses	therro	therre
dative	thesemo	thesemo	therro	thesum
instrumental	thise

	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
nominative	these	thit	thius	thesa
accusative	thesan	thit	thesa	thesa
genitive	theses	theses	thesaro	thesaro
dative	thesemu	thesemu	thesaru	thesum
instrumental	thîs		—

English

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Dutch

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Latin

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Middle English

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Old Dutch

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Further reading

Old Saxon

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