When writing desktop application, finding the right location to store user data and configuration varies per platform. Even for single-platform apps, there may by plenty of nuances in figuring out the right location.
For example, if running on macOS, you should use:
~/Library/Application Support/<AppName>
If on Windows (at least English Win) that should be:
C:\Documents and Settings\<User>\Application Data\Local Settings\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>
or possibly:
C:\Documents and Settings\<User>\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>
for roaming profiles but that is another story.
On Linux (and other Unices), according to the XDG Basedir Spec, it should be:
~/.local/share/<AppName>
This kind of thing is what the platformdirs package is for.
platformdirs will help you choose an appropriate:
- user data dir (
user_data_dir) - user config dir (
user_config_dir) - user cache dir (
user_cache_dir) - site data dir (
site_data_dir) - site config dir (
site_config_dir) - user log dir (
user_log_dir) - user documents dir (
user_documents_dir) - user downloads dir (
user_downloads_dir) - user pictures dir (
user_pictures_dir) - user videos dir (
user_videos_dir) - user music dir (
user_music_dir) - user desktop dir (
user_desktop_dir) - user runtime dir (
user_runtime_dir)
And also:
- Is slightly opinionated on the directory names used. Look for "OPINION" in documentation and code for when an opinion is being applied.
On macOS:
>>> from platformdirs import *
>>> appname = "SuperApp"
>>> appauthor = "Acme"
>>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/Users/trentm/Library/Application Support/SuperApp'
>>> site_data_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/Library/Application Support/SuperApp'
>>> user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/SuperApp'
>>> user_log_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/Users/trentm/Library/Logs/SuperApp'
>>> user_documents_dir()
'/Users/trentm/Documents'
>>> user_downloads_dir()
'/Users/trentm/Downloads'
>>> user_pictures_dir()
'/Users/trentm/Pictures'
>>> user_videos_dir()
'/Users/trentm/Movies'
>>> user_music_dir()
'/Users/trentm/Music'
>>> user_desktop_dir()
'/Users/trentm/Desktop'
>>> user_runtime_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/SuperApp'On Windows:
>>> from platformdirs import *
>>> appname = "SuperApp"
>>> appauthor = "Acme"
>>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor)
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\AppData\\Local\\Acme\\SuperApp'
>>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, roaming=True)
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\AppData\\Roaming\\Acme\\SuperApp'
>>> user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor)
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\AppData\\Local\\Acme\\SuperApp\\Cache'
>>> user_log_dir(appname, appauthor)
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\AppData\\Local\\Acme\\SuperApp\\Logs'
>>> user_documents_dir()
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\Documents'
>>> user_downloads_dir()
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\Downloads'
>>> user_pictures_dir()
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\Pictures'
>>> user_videos_dir()
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\Videos'
>>> user_music_dir()
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\Music'
>>> user_desktop_dir()
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\Desktop'
>>> user_runtime_dir(appname, appauthor)
'C:\\Users\\trentm\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\Acme\\SuperApp'On Linux:
>>> from platformdirs import *
>>> appname = "SuperApp"
>>> appauthor = "Acme"
>>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/home/trentm/.local/share/SuperApp'
>>> site_data_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/usr/local/share/SuperApp'
>>> site_data_dir(appname, appauthor, multipath=True)
'/usr/local/share/SuperApp:/usr/share/SuperApp'
>>> user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/home/trentm/.cache/SuperApp'
>>> user_log_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/home/trentm/.local/state/SuperApp/log'
>>> user_config_dir(appname)
'/home/trentm/.config/SuperApp'
>>> user_documents_dir()
'/home/trentm/Documents'
>>> user_downloads_dir()
'/home/trentm/Downloads'
>>> user_pictures_dir()
'/home/trentm/Pictures'
>>> user_videos_dir()
'/home/trentm/Videos'
>>> user_music_dir()
'/home/trentm/Music'
>>> user_desktop_dir()
'/home/trentm/Desktop'
>>> user_runtime_dir(appname, appauthor)
'/run/user/{os.getuid()}/SuperApp'
>>> site_config_dir(appname)
'/etc/xdg/SuperApp'
>>> os.environ["XDG_CONFIG_DIRS"] = "/etc:/usr/local/etc"
>>> site_config_dir(appname, multipath=True)
'/etc/SuperApp:/usr/local/etc/SuperApp'On Android:
>>> from platformdirs import * >>> appname = "SuperApp" >>> appauthor = "Acme" >>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor) '/data/data/com.myApp/files/SuperApp' >>> user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor) '/data/data/com.myApp/cache/SuperApp' >>> user_log_dir(appname, appauthor) '/data/data/com.myApp/cache/SuperApp/log' >>> user_config_dir(appname) '/data/data/com.myApp/shared_prefs/SuperApp' >>> user_documents_dir() '/storage/emulated/0/Documents' >>> user_downloads_dir() '/storage/emulated/0/Downloads' >>> user_pictures_dir() '/storage/emulated/0/Pictures' >>> user_videos_dir() '/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera' >>> user_music_dir() '/storage/emulated/0/Music' >>> user_desktop_dir() '/storage/emulated/0/Desktop' >>> user_runtime_dir(appname, appauthor) '/data/data/com.myApp/cache/SuperApp/tmp'
Note: Some android apps like Termux and Pydroid are used as shells. These
apps are used by the end user to emulate Linux environment. Presence of
SHELL environment variable is used by Platformdirs to differentiate
between general android apps and android apps used as shells. Shell android
apps also support XDG_* environment variables.
>>> from platformdirs import PlatformDirs
>>> dirs = PlatformDirs("SuperApp", "Acme")
>>> dirs.user_data_dir
'/Users/trentm/Library/Application Support/SuperApp'
>>> dirs.site_data_dir
'/Library/Application Support/SuperApp'
>>> dirs.user_cache_dir
'/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/SuperApp'
>>> dirs.user_log_dir
'/Users/trentm/Library/Logs/SuperApp'
>>> dirs.user_documents_dir
'/Users/trentm/Documents'
>>> dirs.user_downloads_dir
'/Users/trentm/Downloads'
>>> dirs.user_pictures_dir
'/Users/trentm/Pictures'
>>> dirs.user_videos_dir
'/Users/trentm/Movies'
>>> dirs.user_music_dir
'/Users/trentm/Music'
>>> dirs.user_desktop_dir
'/Users/trentm/Desktop'
>>> dirs.user_runtime_dir
'/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/SuperApp'If you have multiple versions of your app in use that you want to be able to run side-by-side, then you may want version-isolation for these dirs:
>>> from platformdirs import PlatformDirs
>>> dirs = PlatformDirs("SuperApp", "Acme", version="1.0")
>>> dirs.user_data_dir
'/Users/trentm/Library/Application Support/SuperApp/1.0'
>>> dirs.site_data_dir
'/Library/Application Support/SuperApp/1.0'
>>> dirs.user_cache_dir
'/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/SuperApp/1.0'
>>> dirs.user_log_dir
'/Users/trentm/Library/Logs/SuperApp/1.0'
>>> dirs.user_documents_dir
'/Users/trentm/Documents'
>>> dirs.user_downloads_dir
'/Users/trentm/Downloads'
>>> dirs.user_pictures_dir
'/Users/trentm/Pictures'
>>> dirs.user_videos_dir
'/Users/trentm/Movies'
>>> dirs.user_music_dir
'/Users/trentm/Music'
>>> dirs.user_desktop_dir
'/Users/trentm/Desktop'
>>> dirs.user_runtime_dir
'/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/SuperApp/1.0'
Be wary of using this for configuration files though; you'll need to handle migrating configuration files manually.
This repository is a friendly fork of the wonderful work started by
ActiveState who created
appdirs, this package's ancestor.
Maintaining an open source project is no easy task, particularly
from within an organization, and the Python community is indebted
to appdirs (and to Trent Mick and Jeff Rouse in particular) for
creating an incredibly useful simple module, as evidenced by the wide
number of users it has attracted over the years.
Nonetheless, given the number of long-standing open issues and pull requests, and no clear path towards ensuring that maintenance of the package would continue or grow, this fork was created.
Contributions are most welcome.