Moons of Saturn

Early observations

Before the advent of telescopic photography, eight moons of Saturn were discovered by direct observation using optical telescopes. Saturn's largest moon, Titan, was discovered in 1655 by Christiaan Huygens using a 57-millimeter (2.2 in) objective lens^[13] on a refracting telescope of his own design.^[14] Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Iapetus (the "Sidera Lodoicea") were discovered between 1671 and 1684 by Giovanni Domenico Cassini.^[15] Mimas and Enceladus were discovered in 1789 by William Herschel.^[15] Hyperion was discovered in 1848 by W. C. Bond, G. P. Bond^[16] and William Lassell.^[17]

The use of long-exposure photographic plates made possible the discovery of additional moons. The first to be discovered in this manner, Phoebe, was found in 1899 by W. H. Pickering.^[18] In 1966 the tenth satellite of Saturn was discovered by Audouin Dollfus, when the rings were observed edge-on near an equinox.^[19] It was later named Janus. A few years later it was realized that all observations of 1966 could only be explained if another satellite had been present and that it had an orbit similar to that of Janus.^[19] This object is now known as Epimetheus, the eleventh moon of Saturn. It shares the same orbit with Janus—the only known example of co-orbitals in the Solar System.^[20] In 1980, three additional Saturnian moons were discovered from the ground and later confirmed by the Voyager probes. They are trojan moons of Dione (Helene) and Tethys (Telesto and Calypso).^[20]

Observations by spacecraft

The study of the outer planets has since been revolutionized by the use of uncrewed space probes. The arrival of the Voyager spacecraft at Saturn in 1980–1981 resulted in the discovery of three additional moons—Atlas, Prometheus and Pandora—bringing the total to 17.^[20] In addition, Epimetheus was confirmed as distinct from Janus. In 1990, Pan was discovered in archival Voyager images.^[20]

The Cassini mission,^[21] which arrived at Saturn in July 2004, initially discovered three small inner moons: Methone and Pallene between Mimas and Enceladus, and the second trojan moon of Dione, Polydeuces. It also observed three suspected but unconfirmed moons in the F Ring.^[22] In November 2004 Cassini scientists announced that the structure of Saturn's rings indicates the presence of several more moons orbiting within the rings, although only one, Daphnis, had been visually confirmed at the time.^[23] In 2007 Anthe was announced.^[24] In 2008 it was reported that Cassini observations of a depletion of energetic electrons in Saturn's magnetosphere near Rhea might be the signature of a tenuous ring system around Saturn's second largest moon.^[25] In March 2009, Aegaeon, a moonlet within the G Ring, was announced.^[26] In July of the same year, S/2009 S 1, the first moonlet within the B Ring, was observed.^[27] In April 2014, the possible beginning of a new moon, within the A Ring, was reported.^[28] (related image)

Outer moons

Study of Saturn's moons has also been aided by advances in telescope instrumentation, primarily the introduction of digital charge-coupled devices which replaced photographic plates. For the 20th century, Phoebe stood alone among Saturn's known moons with its highly irregular orbit. Then in 2000, a team of astronomers led by Brett J. Gladman discovered twelve irregular moons of Saturn using various ground-based telescopes around the world.^[29][30] The discovery of these irregular moons revealed orbital groupings within Saturn's irregular moon population, which provided the first insights into the collisional history of Saturn's irregular moons.^[30]

In 2003, a team of astronomers including Scott Sheppard, David Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna began using the Subaru 8.2 m telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory to search for irregular moons around Saturn, and discovered Narvi.^[30] Because of the Subaru telescope's very large aperture size alongside its camera's large field of view, it is capable of detecting extremely faint moons, hence Sheppard's team continued using the Subaru telescope for further moon searches.^[30] In 2005, Sheppard's team announced the discovery of twelve more small outer moons from their Subaru observations.^[31][32] Sheppard's team announced nine more irregular moons in 2006^[33] and three more moons in 2007, where Tarqeq (S/2007 S 1) was announced in April 2007 and S/2007 S 2 and S/2007 S 3 were announced one month after.^[34] No new irregular moons of Saturn were reported until 2019, when Sheppard's team identified twenty more irregular satellites of Saturn in archives of their 2004–2007 Subaru observations. This brought Saturn's moon count to 82, which resulted in Saturn overtaking Jupiter as the planet with the most known moons for the first time since 2000.^[12][2]

In 2019, researchers Edward Ashton, Brett Gladman, and Matthew Beaudoin conducted a survey of Saturn's Hill sphere using the 3.6-meter Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and discovered about 80 new Saturnian irregular moons, which were reported to the Minor Planet Center (MPC) for announcement.^[4][35] Follow-up observations of these new moons took place over 2019–2021, eventually leading to S/2019 S 1 being announced in November 2021 and an additional 62 moons being announced from 3–16 May 2023.^[36][37] These discoveries brought Saturn's total number of confirmed moons up to 145, making it the first planet known to have over 100 moons.^[36][38] Yet another moon, S/2006 S 20, was announced on 23 May 2023, bringing Saturn's total count moons to 146.^[37]

All of these new moons are small and faint, with diameters over 3 km (2 mi) and apparent magnitudes of 25–27.^[4] These extremely dim moons could only been seen via the shift-and-add technique, where multiple long-exposure images are overlaid, shifted to follow the motion of Saturn in the sky, and then additively combined to bring out the signal of faint moons that follow Saturn in the sky.^[4] The researchers found that the Saturnian irregular moon population is more abundant at smaller sizes, suggesting that they are likely fragments from a collision that occurred a few hundred million years ago. The researchers extrapolated that the true population of Saturnian irregular moons larger than 2.8 km (1.7 mi) in diameter amounts to 150±30, which is approximately three times as many Jovian irregular moons down to the same size. If this size distribution applies to even smaller diameters, Saturn would therefore intrinsically have more irregular moons than Jupiter.^[4]

On 11 March 2025, 128 moons of Saturn were simultaneously announced by the MPC,^[1] bringing the total number of confirmed moons to 274 and making it the first planet known to have over 200 moons.^[39][40][41] These moons were found by Ashton, Gladman, Mike Alexandersen, and Jean-Marc Petit using the CFHT in 2023, as a continuation of their 2019–2021 survey for Saturnian irregular moons.^[40] Ashton's team also searched for moons in CFHT images taken by a separate team consisting of Wesley Fraser, Samantha Lawler, and John Kavelaars,^[1] who coincidentally imaged close to Saturn while searching for trans-Neptunian objects.^[39] Like the other faint Saturnian irregular moons previously discovered by Ashton's team, these 128 moons were discovered via the shift-and-add technique on the CFHT images.^[39][40] Many of these moons were traced back to earlier observations from 2004 to 2021, which corresponds to these moons' discovery dates.^[1]

Discovery of outer planet moons

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Inner moons

Ring moonlets

Shepherd moon Daphnis creating waves in Saturn's A Ring

Sequence of Cassini images of Aegaeon embedded within the bright arc of Saturn's G Ring

During late July 2009, a moonlet, S/2009 S 1, was discovered in the B Ring, 480 km from the outer edge of the ring, by the shadow it cast.^[27] It is estimated to be 300 m in diameter. Unlike the A Ring moonlets (see below), it does not induce a 'propeller' feature, probably due to the density of the B Ring.^[50]

In 2006, four tiny moonlets were found in Cassini images of the A Ring.^[51] Before this discovery only two larger moons had been known within gaps in the A Ring: Pan and Daphnis. These are large enough to clear continuous gaps in the ring.^[51] In contrast, a moonlet is only massive enough to clear two small—about 10 km across—partial gaps in the immediate vicinity of the moonlet itself creating a structure shaped like an airplane propeller.^[52] The moonlets themselves are tiny, ranging from about 40 to 500 meters in diameter, and are too small to be seen directly.^[3]

In 2007, the discovery of 150 more moonlets revealed that they (with the exception of two that have been seen outside the Encke gap) are confined to three narrow bands in the A Ring between 126,750 and 132,000 km from Saturn's center. Each band is about a thousand kilometers wide, which is less than 1% the width of Saturn's rings.^[3] This region is relatively free from the disturbances caused by resonances with larger satellites,^[3] although other areas of the A Ring without disturbances are apparently free of moonlets. The moonlets were probably formed from the breakup of a larger satellite.^[52] It is estimated that the A Ring contains 7,000–8,000 propellers larger than 0.8 km in size and millions larger than 0.25 km.^[3] In April 2014, NASA scientists reported the possible consolidation of a new moon within the A Ring, implying that Saturn's present moons may have formed in a similar process in the past when Saturn's ring system was much more massive.^[28]

Similar moonlets may reside in the F Ring.^[3] There, "jets" of material may be due to collisions, initiated by perturbations from the nearby small moon Prometheus, of these moonlets with the core of the F Ring. One of the largest F Ring moonlets may be the as-yet unconfirmed object S/2004 S 6. The F Ring also contains transient "fans" which are thought to result from even smaller moonlets, about 1 km in diameter, orbiting near the F Ring core.^[53]

One recently discovered moon, Aegaeon, resides within the bright arc of G Ring and is trapped in the 7:6 mean-motion resonance with Mimas.^[26] This means that it makes exactly seven revolutions around Saturn while Mimas makes exactly six. The moon is the largest among the population of bodies that are sources of dust in this ring.^[54]

Ring shepherds

Shepherd satellites are small moons that orbit within, or just beyond, a planet's ring system. They have the effect of sculpting the rings: giving them sharp edges, and creating gaps between them. Saturn's shepherd moons are Pan (Encke gap), Daphnis (Keeler gap), Prometheus (F Ring), Janus (A Ring), and Epimetheus (A Ring).^[22][26] Atlas and Pandora orbit on the outside edge of the A Ring and F Ring respectively, and were long thought to be shepherds as well, until more recent studies began to indicate otherwise. These moons probably formed as a result of accretion of the friable ring material on preexisting denser cores. The cores with sizes from one-third to one-half the present-day moons may be themselves collisional shards formed when a parental satellite of the rings disintegrated.^[49]

Janus and Epimetheus are co-orbital moons.^[20] They are of similar size, with Janus being somewhat larger than Epimetheus.^[49] They have orbits with less than a 100-kilometer difference in semi-major axis, close enough that they would collide if they attempted to pass each other. Instead of colliding, their gravitational interaction causes them to swap orbits every four years.^[55]

Inner large

Saturn's inner large moons

Enceladus ejecting icy particles from its south polar plumes

Tethys and the rings of Saturn

Color view of Dione in front of Saturn

The innermost large moons of Saturn orbit within its tenuous E Ring, along with three smaller moons of the Alkyonides group.

• Mimas is the smallest and least massive of the inner round moons,^[47] although its mass is sufficient to alter the orbit of Methone.^[55] It is noticeably ovoid-shaped, having been made shorter at the poles and longer at the equator (by about 20 km) by the effects of Saturn's gravity.^[56] Mimas has a large impact crater one-third its diameter, Herschel, situated on its leading hemisphere^[57] Mimas has no known past or present geologic activity and its surface is dominated by impact craters, though it does have a water ocean 20–30 km beneath the surface.^[58] The only tectonic features known are a few arcuate and linear troughs, which probably formed when Mimas was shattered by the Herschel impact.^[57]
• Enceladus is one of the smallest of Saturn's moons that is spherical in shape—only Mimas is smaller^[56]—yet is the only small Saturnian moon that is currently endogenously active, and the smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.^[59] Its surface is morphologically diverse; it includes ancient heavily cratered terrain as well as younger smooth areas with few impact craters. Many plains on Enceladus are fractured and intersected by systems of lineaments.^[59] The area around its south pole was found by Cassini to be unusually warm and cut by a system of fractures about 130 km long called "tiger stripes", some of which emit jets of water vapor and dust.^[59] These jets form a large plume off its south pole, which replenishes Saturn's E ring^[59] and serves as the main source of ions in the magnetosphere of Saturn.^[60] The gas and dust are released with a rate of more than 100 kg/s. Enceladus may have liquid water underneath the south-polar surface.^[59] The source of the energy for this cryovolcanism is thought to be a 2:1 mean-motion resonance with Dione.^[59] The pure ice on the surface makes Enceladus one of the brightest known objects in the Solar System—its geometrical albedo is more than 140%.^[59]
• Tethys is the third largest of Saturn's inner moons.^[47] Its most prominent features are a large (400 km diameter) impact crater named Odysseus on its leading hemisphere and a vast canyon system named Ithaca Chasma extending at least 270° around Tethys.^[57] The Ithaca Chasma is concentric with Odysseus, and these two features may be related. Tethys appears to have no current geological activity. A heavily cratered hilly terrain occupies the majority of its surface, while a smaller and smoother plains region lies on the hemisphere opposite to that of Odysseus.^[57] The plains contain fewer craters and are apparently younger. A sharp boundary separates them from the cratered terrain. There is also a system of extensional troughs radiating away from Odysseus.^[57] The density of Tethys (0.985 g/cm³) is less than that of water, indicating that it is made mainly of water ice with only a small fraction of rock.^[46]
• Dione is the second-largest inner moon of Saturn. It has a higher density than the geologically dead Rhea, the largest inner moon, but lower than that of active Enceladus.^[56] While the majority of Dione's surface is heavily cratered old terrain, this moon is also covered with an extensive network of troughs and lineaments, indicating that in the past it had global tectonic activity.^[61] The troughs and lineaments are especially prominent on the trailing hemisphere, where several intersecting sets of fractures form what is called "wispy terrain".^[61] The cratered plains have a few large impact craters reaching 250 km in diameter.^[57] Smooth plains with low impact-crater counts are also present on a small fraction of its surface.^[62] They were probably tectonically resurfaced relatively later in the geological history of Dione. At two locations within smooth plains strange landforms (depressions) resembling oblong impact craters have been identified, both of which lie at the centers of radiating networks of cracks and troughs;^[62] these features may be cryovolcanic in origin. Dione may be geologically active even now, although on a scale much smaller than the cryovolcanism of Enceladus. This follows from Cassini magnetic measurements that show Dione is a net source of plasma in the magnetosphere of Saturn, much like Enceladus.^[62]

Alkyonides

Three small moons orbit between Mimas and Enceladus: Methone, Anthe, and Pallene. Named after the Alkyonides of Greek mythology, they are some of the smallest moons in the Saturn system. Anthe and Methone have very faint ring arcs along their orbits, whereas Pallene has a faint complete ring.^[63] Of these three moons, only Methone has been photographed at close range, showing it to be egg-shaped with very few or no craters.^[64]

Trojan moons

Trojan moons are a unique feature only known from the Saturnian system. A trojan body orbits at either the leading L₄ or trailing L₅ Lagrange point of a much larger object, such as a large moon or planet. Tethys has two trojan moons, Telesto (leading) and Calypso (trailing), and Dione also has two, Helene (leading) and Polydeuces (trailing).^[22] Helene is by far the largest trojan moon,^[56] while Polydeuces is the smallest and has the most chaotic orbit.^[55] These moons are coated with dusty material that has smoothed out their surfaces.^[65]

Outer large

Saturn's outer large moons

Inktomi or "The Splat", a relatively young crater with prominent butterfly-shaped ejecta on Rhea's leading hemisphere

Titan in front of Dione and the rings of Saturn

Cassini image of Hyperion

Equatorial ridge on Iapetus

These moons all orbit beyond the E Ring. They are:

• Rhea is the second-largest of Saturn's moons. It is even slightly larger than Oberon, the second-largest moon of Uranus.^[56] In 2005, Cassini detected a depletion of electrons in the plasma wake of Rhea, which forms when the co-rotating plasma of Saturn's magnetosphere is absorbed by the moon.^[25] The depletion was hypothesized to be caused by the presence of dust-sized particles concentrated in a few faint equatorial rings.^[25] Such a ring system would make Rhea the only moon in the Solar System known to have rings.^[25] Subsequent targeted observations of the putative ring plane from several angles by Cassini's narrow-angle camera turned up no evidence of the expected ring material, leaving the origin of the plasma observations unresolved.^[66]

Otherwise Rhea has rather a typical heavily cratered surface,^[57] with the exceptions of a few large Dione-type fractures (wispy terrain) on the trailing hemisphere^[67] and a very faint "line" of material at the equator that may have been deposited by material deorbiting from present or former rings.^[68] Rhea also has two very large impact basins on its anti-Saturnian hemisphere, which are about 400 and 500 km across.^[67] The first, Tirawa, is roughly comparable to the Odysseus basin on Tethys.^[57] There is also a 48 km-diameter impact crater called Inktomi^[69] at 112°W that is prominent because of an extended system of bright rays,^[70] which may be one of the youngest craters on the inner moons of Saturn.^[67] No evidence of any endogenic activity has been discovered on the surface of Rhea.^[67]

• Titan, at 5,149 km diameter, is the second largest moon in the Solar System and Saturn's largest.^[71][47] Out of all the large moons, Titan is the only one with a dense (surface pressure of 1.5 atm), cold atmosphere, primarily made of nitrogen with a small fraction of methane.^[72] The dense atmosphere frequently produces bright white convective clouds, especially over the south pole region.^[72] On 6 June 2013, scientists at the IAA-CSIC reported the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the upper atmosphere of Titan.^[73] On 23 June 2014, NASA claimed to have strong evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan came from materials in the Oort cloud, associated with comets, and not from the materials that formed Saturn in earlier times.^[74]

The surface of Titan, which is difficult to observe due to persistent atmospheric haze, shows only a few impact craters and is probably very young.^[72] It contains a pattern of light and dark regions, flow channels and possibly cryovolcanos.^[72][75] Some dark regions are covered by longitudinal dune fields shaped by tidal winds, where sand is made of frozen water or hydrocarbons.^[76] Titan is the only body in the Solar System beside Earth with bodies of liquid on its surface, in the form of methane–ethane lakes in Titan's north and south polar regions.^[77] The largest lake, Kraken Mare, is larger than the Caspian Sea.^[78] Like Europa and Ganymede, it is believed that Titan has a subsurface ocean made of water mixed with ammonia, which can erupt to the surface of the moon and lead to cryovolcanism.^[75] On 2 July 2014, NASA reported the ocean inside Titan may be "as salty as the Earth's Dead Sea".^[79][80]

• Hyperion is Titan's nearest neighbor in the Saturn system. The two moons are locked in a 4:3 mean-motion resonance with each other, meaning that while Titan makes four revolutions around Saturn, Hyperion makes exactly three.^[47] With an average diameter of about 270 km, Hyperion is smaller and lighter than Mimas.^[81] It has an extremely irregular shape, and a very odd, tan-colored icy surface resembling a sponge, though its interior may be partially porous as well.^[81] The average density of about 0.55 g/cm^3[81] indicates that the porosity exceeds 40% even assuming it has a purely icy composition. The surface of Hyperion is covered with numerous impact craters—those with diameters 2–10 km are especially abundant.^[81] It is the only moon besides the small moons of Pluto known to have a chaotic rotation, which means Hyperion has no well-defined poles or equator. While on short timescales the satellite approximately rotates around its long axis at a rate of 72–75° per day, on longer timescales its axis of rotation (spin vector) wanders chaotically across the sky.^[81] This makes the rotational behavior of Hyperion essentially unpredictable.^[82]
• Iapetus is the third-largest of Saturn's moons.^[56] Orbiting the planet at 3.5 million km, it is by far the most distant of Saturn's large moons, and also has the largest orbital inclination, at 15.47°.^[48] Iapetus has long been known for its unusual two-toned surface; its leading hemisphere is pitch-black and its trailing hemisphere is almost as bright as fresh snow.^[83] Cassini images showed that the dark material is confined to a large near-equatorial area on the leading hemisphere called Cassini Regio, which extends approximately from 40°N to 40°S.^[83] The pole regions of Iapetus are as bright as its trailing hemisphere. Cassini also discovered a 20 km tall equatorial ridge, which spans nearly the moon's entire equator.^[83] Otherwise both dark and bright surfaces of Iapetus are old and heavily cratered. The images revealed at least four large impact basins with diameters from 380 to 550 km and numerous smaller impact craters.^[83] No evidence of any endogenic activity has been discovered.^[83]

A clue to the origin of the dark material covering part of Iapetus's starkly dichromatic surface may have been found in 2009, when NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope discovered a vast, nearly invisible disk around Saturn, just inside the orbit of the moon Phoebe – the Phoebe ring.^[84] Scientists believe that the disk originates from dust and ice particles kicked up by impacts on Phoebe. Because the disk particles, like Phoebe itself, orbit in the opposite direction to Iapetus, Iapetus collides with them as they drift in the direction of Saturn, darkening its leading hemisphere slightly.^[84] Once a difference in albedo, and hence in average temperature, was established between different regions of Iapetus, a thermal runaway process of water ice sublimation from warmer regions and deposition of water vapor onto colder regions ensued. Iapetus's present two-toned appearance results from the contrast between the bright, primarily ice-coated areas and regions of dark lag, the residue left behind after the loss of surface ice.^[85][86]

Irregular

Irregular moons are small satellites with distant, inclined, and frequently retrograde orbits, believed to have been acquired by the parent planet through a capture process. They often occur as collisional families or groups.^[30] The precise size and albedo of many of the irregular moons are not known because they are too small to be resolved by telescopes on Earth and in space, so their sizes are estimated from their brightness by assuming a dark surface or low albedo of around 6% (albedo of Phoebe) or less.^[29] The irregular moons generally have featureless visible and near infrared spectra dominated by water absorption bands.^[30] They are typically gray (spectrally neutral) or moderately red in color—similar to C-type, P-type, or D-type asteroids,^[44] though they are much less red than Kuiper belt objects.^[30][c]

Norse

Main article: Norse group

All 197 retrograde outer moons of Saturn are broadly classified into the Norse group.^[29][44] Only 31 moons of the Norse group have been named: Aegir, Angrboda, Alvaldi, Beli, Bergelmir, Bestla, Eggther, Farbauti, Fenrir, Fornjot, Geirrod, Gerd, Greip, Gridr, Gunnlod, Hati, Hyrrokkin, Jarnsaxa, Kari, Loge, Mundilfari, Narvi, Phoebe, Skathi, Skoll, Skrymir, Surtur, Suttungr, Thiazzi, Thrymr, and Ymir.^[89]

Although the Norse group does not show obvious clustering in orbital elements, researchers led by Edward Ashton have proposed splitting the Norse group into four different subgroups by inclination.^[88] These subgroups still have a broad range of orbital semi-major axes, inclinations, and eccentricities, and may not necessarily have an impact origin.^[88]

• The Phoebe subgroup consists of moons between inclinations 172.5° and 180° and is named after Phoebe,^[88] by far the largest irregular moon of Saturn with a diameter of 213±1.4 km.^[30] It has a retrograde orbit and rotates on its axis every 9.3 hours.^[92] Phoebe was the first moon of Saturn to be studied in detail by Cassini, in June 2004; during this encounter Cassini was able to map nearly 90% of the moon's surface. Phoebe has a nearly spherical shape and a relatively high density of about 1.6 g/cm³.^[30] Cassini images revealed a dark surface scarred by numerous impacts—there are about 130 craters with diameters exceeding 10 km. Such impacts may have ejected fragments of Phoebe into orbit around Saturn—two of these may be S/2006 S 20 and S/2006 S 9, whose orbits are similar to Phoebe.^[87][93][94] Spectroscopic measurement showed that the surface is made of water ice, carbon dioxide, phyllosilicates, organics and possibly iron-bearing minerals.^[30] Phoebe is believed to be a captured centaur that originated in the Kuiper belt.^[30] It also serves as a source of material for the largest known ring of Saturn, which darkens the leading hemisphere of Iapetus (see above).^[84]

• The Mundilfari subgroup consists of moons between inclinations 157° and 172.5° and is the most populated of the four Norse subgroups proposed by Ashton and collaborators.^[88] Named after its largest member Mundilfari (diameter ~7 km), this subgroup is dominated by tiny moons smaller than 4 km in diameter, which suggests they were formed by a relatively recent collisional event that destroyed a progenitor moon at least 100 million years ago.^[88][39] Ashton and collaborators proposed that this progenitor moon of the Mundifari subgroup would have orbited Saturn at a semi-major axis of ~19.5 million km (~320 Saturn radii), inclination ~165°, and eccentricity ~0.28.^[88] The collision that destroyed this progenitor moon would have to eject its fragments at a speed of at least 200 m/s, and subsequent collisions of its fragments may further disperse their orbits to produce the broad orbital distribution of the Mundilfari group observed today.^[88]

• The Kari subgroup consists of moons between inclinations 151° and 157° and appears mostly concentrated around the orbit of its namesake and largest member Kari (diameter ~6 km) with a semi-major axis range between 0.14–0.16 au (21–24 million km) from Saturn.^[88] This tight clustering may be a collisional family.^[88] There are several other moons in the Kari subgroup's inclination range that have semi-major axes less than the aforementioned range, and thus may not be related to the proposed collisional family.^[88][39]

• The remaining Norse group moons with inclinations below 151° are sparse in number and are assigned to the low-inclination subgroup by Ashton and collaborators.^[88] Of the moons of the low-inclination subgroup, Narvi and S/2019 S 11 have the most similar orbits to each other, which suggests these two moons share an origin.^[88]

Confirmed

The Saturnian moons are listed here by orbital period (or semi-major axis), from shortest to longest. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold and marked with a blue background, while the irregular moons are listed in red, orange, green, and gray background. The orbits and mean distances of the irregular moons are strongly variable over short timescales due to frequent planetary and solar perturbations, so the orbital elements of irregular moons listed here are averaged over a 5,000-year numerical integration by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. These may sometimes strongly differ from the osculating orbital elements provided by other sources.^[89][95] Otherwise, recently-discovered irregular moons without published proper elements are temporarily listed here with inaccurate osculating orbital elements that are italicized to distinguish them from other irregular moons with proper orbital elements. The mean orbital elements are based on a reference epoch of 1 January 2000,^[89] whereas the osculating orbital elements of the 128 newly-discovered moons are based on a reference epoch of 5 May 2025.^[1]

More information Label, Name ...

Label [d]	Name	Pronunciation	Image	Abs. magn. [e]	Diameter (km) [f]	Mass (×1015 kg) [g]	Semi-major axis (km) [89]	Orbital period (d) [89][h]	Inclination (°) [89][i]	Eccentricity [89]	Position [j]	Discovery year [101]	Year announced	Discoverer [43][101]
	S/2009 S 1	—		—	0.3	≈ 0.0000071	116900	0.47150	≈ 0.0	≈ 0.000	outer B Ring	2009	2009	Cassini[27]
	(moonlets)	—		—	0.04–0.4	< 0.000017	≈ 130000	≈ 0.55	≈ 0.0	≈ 0.000	Three 1,000 km bands within A Ring[3]	2006	—	Cassini
XVIII	Pan	/ˈpæn/		9.2	28.2 (35 × 28 × 21)	4.30	133600	+0.57505	0.0	0.000	in Encke Division	1990	1990	Showalter
XXXV	Daphnis	/ˈdæfnəs/		—	7.6 (9.8 × 8.4 × 5.6)	0.068	136500	+0.59408	0.0	0.000	in Keeler Gap	2005	2005	Cassini
XV	Atlas	/ˈætləs/		8.5	30.2 (41 × 35 × 19)	5.490	137700	+0.60460	0.0	0.001		1980	1980	Voyager 1
XVI	Prometheus	/proʊˈmiːθiəs/		6.7	86.2 (137 × 81 × 56)	159.72	139400	+0.61588	0.0	0.002	F Ring shepherd	1980	1980	Voyager 1
XVII	Pandora	/pænˈdɔːrə/		6.5	81.4 (104 × 81 × 64)	135.7	141700	+0.63137	0.0	0.004		1980	1980	Voyager 1
XI	Epimetheus	/ɛpəˈmiːθiəs/		5.5	116.2 (130 × 114 × 106)	525.607	151400	+0.69701	0.3	0.020	co-orbital with Janus	1966	1967	Fountain & Larson
X	Janus	/ˈdʒeɪnəs/		4.5	179 (203 × 185 × 153)	1893.88	151500	+0.69735	0.2	0.007	co-orbital with Epimetheus	1966	1967	Dollfus
LIII	Aegaeon	/iːˈdʒiːɒn/		—	0.66 (1.4 × 0.5 × 0.4)	0.0000782	167500	+0.80812	0.0	0.000	G Ring moonlet	2008	2009	Cassini
I	♠Mimas	/ˈmaɪməs/		3.2	396.4 (416 × 393 × 381)	37509.4	186000	+0.94242	1.6	0.020		1789	1789	Herschel
XXXII	Methone	/məˈθoʊniː/		—	2.9 (4.0 × 2.6 × 2.4)	0.00392	194700	+1.00955	0.0	0.002	Alkyonides	2004	2004	Cassini
XLIX	Anthe	/ˈænθiː/		—	1.8	≈ 0.0015	198100	+1.03890	0.0	0.002	Alkyonides	2007	2007	Cassini
XXXIII	Pallene	/pəˈliːniː/		—	4.44 (5.8 × 4.2 × 3.7)	≈ 0.023	212300	+1.15606	0.2	0.004	Alkyonides	2004	2004	Cassini
II	♠Enceladus	/ɛnˈsɛlədəs/		2.1	504.2 (513 × 503 × 497)	108031.8	238400	+1.37022	0.0	0.005	Generates the E ring	1789	1789	Herschel
III	♠Tethys	/ˈtiːθəs/		0.7	1062.2 (1077 × 1057 × 1053)	617495.9	295000	+1.88780	1.1	0.001		1684	1684	Cassini
XIII	Telesto	/təˈlɛstoʊ/		8.7	24.8 (33 × 23 × 19)	≈ 3.9	295000	+1.88780	1.2	0.001	leading Tethys trojan (L4)	1980	1980	Smith et al.
XIV	Calypso	/kəˈlɪpsoʊ/		9.2	21.4 (29 × 19 × 13)	≈ 1.8	295000	+1.88780	1.5	0.001	trailing Tethys trojan (L5)	1980	1980	Pascu et al.
XII	Helene	/ˈhɛləniː/		8.2	35.2 (45 × 39 × 27)	7.1	377600	+2.73692	0.2	0.007	leading Dione trojan (L4)	1980	1980	Laques & Lecacheux
XXXIV	Polydeuces	/pɒliˈdjuːsiːz/		—	2.6 (3.5 × 3.1 × 2.7)	≈ 0.0075	377600	+2.73692	0.2	0.019	trailing Dione trojan (L5)	2004	2004	Cassini
IV	♠Dione	/daɪˈoʊniː/		0.8	1122.8 (1128 × 1123 × 1119)	1095486.8	377700	+2.73692	0.0	0.002		1684	1684	Cassini
V	♠Rhea	/ˈreɪə/		0.1	1527.6 (1530 × 1526 × 1525)	2306485.4	527200	+4.51750	0.3	0.001		1672	1673	Cassini
VI	♠Titan	/ˈtaɪtən/		–1.3	5149.46 (5149 × 5149 × 5150)	134518035.4	1221900	+15.9454	0.3	0.029		1655	1656	Huygens
VII	Hyperion	/haɪˈpɪəriən/		4.8	270.0 (360 × 266 × 205)	5551.0	1481500	+21.2767	0.6	0.105	in 4:3 resonance with Titan	1848	1848	Bond & Lassell
VIII	♠Iapetus	/aɪˈæpətəs/		1.2	1468.6 (1491 × 1491 × 1424)	1805659.1	3561700	+79.3310	7.6	0.028		1671	1673	Cassini
	♦S/2019 S 1	—		15.3	≈ 5	≈ 0.11	11245400	+445.51	49.5	0.384	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2019	2021	Ashton et al.
XXIV	♦Kiviuq	/ˈkɪviək/		12.7	≈ 17	≈ 3.6	11307500	+449.13	48.0	0.275	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
	♦S/2005 S 4	—		15.7	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	11324500	+450.22	48.0	0.315	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2005	2023	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2020 S 1	—		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	11338600	+451.10	48.2	0.337	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
XXII	♦Ijiraq	/ˈiːɪrɒk/		13.3	≈ 13	≈ 1.8	11344600	+451.43	49.2	0.293	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
IX	‡Phoebe	/ˈfiːbi/		6.7	213.0 (219 × 217 × 204)	8312.3	12929400	−550.30	175.2	0.164	Norse group (Phoebe)	1898	1899	Pickering
	‡S/2006 S 20	—		15.7	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	13193700	−567.27	173.1	0.206	Norse group (Phoebe)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 9	—		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	14406600	−647.89	173.0	0.248	Norse group (Phoebe)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
XX	♦Paaliaq	/ˈpɑːliɒk/		11.7	≈ 25	≈ 14	14997900	+686.94	48.5	0.378	Inuit group[k]	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
XXVII	‡Skathi	/ˈskɑːði/		14.4	≈ 8	≈ 0.38	15575400	−728.09	151.6	0.281	Norse group (low-inclination)	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
	‡S/2007 S 5	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	15835700	−746.88	158.4	0.104	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2007	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2007 S 7	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	15931600	−754.29	169.2	0.217	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2007	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2007 S 2	—		15.6	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	15939100	−754.91	174.0	0.232	Norse group (Phoebe)	2007	2007	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 37	—		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	15956500	−755.63	158.2	0.448	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 47	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	16050700	−762.49	160.9	0.291	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 40	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	16075600	−764.60	169.2	0.297	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
XXVI	♣Albiorix	/ˌælbiˈɒrɪks/		11.2	28.6	≈ 12	16329100	+783.46	36.8	0.482	Gallic group	2000	2000	Holman
	‡S/2019 S 2	—		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	16560200	−799.85	173.3	0.279	Norse group (Phoebe)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
XXXVII	♣Bebhionn	/ˈbeɪvɪn/		15.0	≈ 6	≈ 0.18	17027200	+834.85	38.5	0.459	Gallic group	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	♣S/2007 S 8	—		16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	17049000	+836.90	36.2	0.490	Gallic group	2007	2023	Sheppard et al.
LX	♣S/2004 S 29	—		15.8	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	17064100	+837.78	38.6	0.485	Gallic group	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 3	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	17077100	−837.74	166.9	0.249	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 7	—		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17394000	−861.25	161.4	0.500	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2004 S 31	—		15.6	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	17497200	+866.09	48.1	0.159	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
XXVIII	♣Erriapus	/ɛriˈæpəs/		13.7	≈ 10	≈ 0.95	17507000	+871.09	37.1	0.476	Gallic group	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
XLVII	‡Skoll	/ˈskɒl/		15.4	≈ 5	≈ 0.11	17623700	−878.38	159.4	0.463	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2006	Sheppard et al.
LII	♦Tarqeq	/ˈtɑːrkeɪk/		14.8	≈ 7	≈ 0.18	17751000	+884.99	48.7	0.143	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2007	2007	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2019 S 14	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	17853200	+893.15	46.2	0.172	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 2	—		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17869000	−897.59	170.7	0.152	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
XXIX	♦Siarnaq	/ˈsiːɑːrnək/		10.6	39.3	≈ 32	17881100	+895.58	47.8	0.309	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
	‡S/2019 S 4	—		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17951800	−903.89	170.1	0.408	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2020 S 3	—		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18057200	+908.19	46.0	0.142	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2004 S 41	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	18095000	−914.62	165.7	0.301	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2019 S 6	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	18205500	+919.71	46.4	0.120	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
XXI	♣Tarvos	/ˈtɑːrvəs/		13.1	≈ 15	≈ 2.1	18215600	+926.43	37.8	0.522	Gallic group	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
	♣S/2020 S 4	—		17.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18236000	+926.96	40.1	0.495	Gallic group	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2004 S 42	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	18240800	−925.91	165.7	0.157	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
XLIV	‡Hyrrokkin	/hɪˈrɒkən/		14.3	≈ 8	≈ 0.38	18341000	−931.90	149.9	0.336	Norse group (low-inclination)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
LI	‡Greip	/ˈɡreɪp/		15.3	≈ 5	≈ 0.11	18379800	−937.00	174.2	0.317	Norse group (Phoebe)	2006	2006	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2020 S 5	—		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18391400	+933.89	48.2	0.220	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2004 S 13	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	18453300	−942.57	169.0	0.265	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2007 S 6	—		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18544900	−949.50	166.5	0.169	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2007	2023	Sheppard et al.
XXV	‡Mundilfari	/mʊndəlˈværi/		14.6	≈ 7	≈ 0.27	18588100	−952.86	167.1	0.212	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
	‡S/2006 S 1	—		15.6	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	18746200	−964.24	156.0	0.105	Norse group (Kari)	2006	2006	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 43	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	18935000	−980.08	171.1	0.432	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 10	—		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18979900	−983.14	161.6	0.151	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 5	—		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19090400	−991.44	158.8	0.216	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
LIV	‡Gridr	/ˈɡriːðər/		15.8	≈ 4	≈ 0.065	19250900	−1004.75	163.9	0.187	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
XXXVIII	‡Bergelmir	/bɛərˈjɛlmɪər/		15.2	≈ 5	≈ 0.11	19268400	−1005.53	158.8	0.145	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
L	‡Jarnsaxa	/jɑːrnˈsæksə/		15.6	≈ 6	≈ 0.065	19273200	−1006.46	163.0	0.218	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2006	Sheppard et al.
XXXI	‡Narvi	/ˈnɑːrvi/		14.5	≈ 7	≈ 0.27	19285600	−1003.95	142.2	0.441	Norse group (low-inclination)	2003	2003	Sheppard et al.
XXIII	‡Suttungr	/ˈsʊtʊŋɡər/		14.6	≈ 7	≈ 0.27	19392000	−1016.70	175.7	0.116	Norse group (Phoebe)	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
	‡S/2004 S 44	—		15.8	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	19515400	−1026.16	167.7	0.129	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	♣S/2006 S 12	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	19569800	+1035.06	38.6	0.542	Gallic group[l]	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2007 S 3	—		15.7	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	19614000	−1034.45	173.8	0.150	Norse group (Phoebe)	2007	2007	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 45	—		16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	19693600	−1038.70	154.0	0.551	Norse group (Kari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
XLIII	‡Hati	/ˈhɑːti/		15.4	≈ 5	≈ 0.11	19695400	−1040.05	165.4	0.372	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 17	—		16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	19699300	−1040.86	167.9	0.162	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 11	—		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19711900	−1042.29	174.1	0.143	Norse group (Phoebe)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 12	—		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	19801200	−1048.57	164.7	0.337	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
LIX	‡Eggther	/ˈɛɡθɛər/		15.4	≈ 6	≈ 0.11	19843900	−1052.32	165.0	0.157	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 13	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	19953800	−1060.63	162.0	0.313	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2007 S 9	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20174600	−1078.07	159.3	0.360	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2007	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 7	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20184900	−1080.58	174.2	0.232	Norse group (Phoebe)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 8	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20286700	−1088.87	172.8	0.311	Norse group (Phoebe)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
XL	‡Farbauti	/fɑːrˈbaʊti/		15.8	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	20290500	−1087.26	156.2	0.249	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
XXX	‡Thrymr	/ˈθrɪmər/		14.3	≈ 8	≈ 0.38	20330900	−1092.17	175.0	0.467	Norse group (Phoebe)	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
XXXIX	‡Bestla	/ˈbɛstlə/		14.6	≈ 7	≈ 0.27	20338300	−1087.17	138.3	0.486	Norse group (low-inclination)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 9	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20358800	−1093.09	159.5	0.433	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2004 S 46	—		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20513100	−1107.59	177.2	0.249	Norse group (Phoebe)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
LV	‡Angrboda	/ˈɑːŋɡərboʊðə/		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20591200	−1114.06	177.7	0.216	Norse group (Phoebe)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 11	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20663600	−1115.00	144.6	0.513	Norse group (low-inclination)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
XXXVI	‡Aegir	/ˈaɪ.ɪər/		15.5	≈ 6	≈ 0.065	20664700	−1119.34	166.1	0.255	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 10	—		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20700500	−1121.99	163.9	0.248	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
LXI	‡Beli	/ˈbiːli/		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20703800	−1121.74	158.9	0.087	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 12	—		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20894700	−1138.02	167.1	0.475	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
LVII	‡Gerd	/ˈjɛərð/		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20948500	−1142.97	174.4	0.518	Norse group (Phoebe)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 13	—		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20964300	−1144.79	177.3	0.318	Norse group (Phoebe)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2006 S 14	—		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21062100	−1152.67	166.7	0.060	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
LXII	‡Gunnlod	/ˈɡʊnlɒð/		15.6	≈ 4	≈ 0.065	21141100	−1157.97	160.3	0.251	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 15	—		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21190300	−1161.60	157.8	0.257	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 6	—		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21254200	−1167.94	166.9	0.480	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2004 S 7	—		15.6	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	21328200	−1173.93	164.9	0.511	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 3	—		15.6	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	21353300	−1174.78	156.1	0.432	Norse group (Kari)	2006	2006	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2005 S 5	—		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21366100	−1177.82	169.5	0.588	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2005	2023	Sheppard et al.
LVI	‡Skrymir	/ˈskrɪmɪər/		15.6	≈ 4	≈ 0.065	21447600	−1185.10	175.6	0.437	Norse group (Phoebe)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 16	—		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21720600	−1207.52	164.1	0.204	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 15	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	21799400	−1213.96	161.1	0.117	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 28	—		15.8	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	21865900	−1220.69	167.9	0.159	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2020 S 8	—		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21966600	−1228.11	161.8	0.252	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
LXV	‡Alvaldi	/ɔːlˈvɔːldi/		15.6	≈ 6	≈ 0.065	21994200	−1232.18	177.4	0.238	Norse group (Phoebe)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
XLV	‡Kari	/ˈkɑːri/		14.5	≈ 6	≈ 0.27	22032800	−1231.19	153.0	0.469	Norse group (Kari)	2006	2006	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 48	—		16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	22136800	−1242.41	161.9	0.374	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
LXVI	‡Geirrod	/ˈjeɪrɒd/		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	22260000	−1251.15	154.3	0.539	Norse group (Kari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
XLI	‡Fenrir	/ˈfɛnrɪər/		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	22330000	−1260.19	164.5	0.137	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 50	—		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22346000	−1260.44	164.0	0.450	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 17	—		16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	22384100	−1264.51	168.7	0.425	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 49	—		16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	22399800	−1264.25	159.7	0.453	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 17	—		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	22724000	−1291.39	155.5	0.546	Norse group (Kari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
XLVIII	‡Surtur	/ˈsɜːrtər/		15.8	≈ 6	≈ 0.065	22745700	−1295.60	168.4	0.448	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2006	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 18	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	22760700	−1298.40	169.5	0.131	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
XLVI	‡Loge	/ˈlɔɪ.eɪ/		15.4	≈ 5	≈ 0.11	22919200	−1311.80	168.1	0.191	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2006	Sheppard et al.
XIX	‡Ymir	/ˈiːmɪər/		12.4	≈ 19	≈ 5.6	22954500	−1315.08	172.3	0.338	Norse group (Phoebe)	2000	2000	Gladman et al.
	‡S/2019 S 19	—		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23044700	−1317.83	151.8	0.458	Norse group (Kari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 18	—		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23140700	−1327.06	154.6	0.509	Norse group (Kari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2004 S 21	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23159300	−1328.58	153.2	0.394	Norse group (Kari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 39	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23192200	−1335.88	165.9	0.101	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 16	—		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23264100	−1340.93	162.0	0.250	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2004 S 53	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23279800	−1342.44	162.6	0.240	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	♣S/2004 S 24	—		16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23339000	+1341.34	37.4	0.071	Gallic group[m]	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 36	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23390300	−1349.37	153.3	0.625	Norse group (Kari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
LXIII	‡Thiazzi	/θiˈætsi/		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23579000	−1366.69	158.8	0.512	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 20	—		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23679600	−1375.53	156.1	0.354	Norse group (Kari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2006 S 19	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23801100	−1389.33	175.5	0.467	Norse group (Phoebe)	2006	2023	Sheppard et al.
LXIV	‡S/2004 S 34	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	24144900	−1420.80	168.3	0.280	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
XLII	‡Fornjot	/ˈfɔːrnjɒt/		15.1	≈ 6	≈ 0.11	24936700	−1494.11	170.0	0.213	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2005	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 51	—		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	25208000	−1519.41	171.2	0.201	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2020 S 10	—		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	25314700	−1527.21	165.6	0.296	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 9	—		16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	25408500	−1532.65	161.4	0.531	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2023	Ashton et al.
LVIII	‡S/2004 S 26	—		15.7	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	26098700	−1603.99	173.0	0.147	Norse group (Phoebe)	2004	2019	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2019 S 21	—		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	26439500	−1636.37	171.9	0.155	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2023	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2004 S 52	—		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	26446800	−1633.87	165.3	0.292	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2023	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2019 S 22	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11280600	+447.31	45.682	0.422	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2019 S 23	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11288800	+447.8	49.803	0.153	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2019 S 26	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11401300	+454.51	50.835	0.31	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2019 S 32	―		15.7	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	17712200	+880.08	47.087	0.371	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 35	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18429200	−934.06	157.975	0.613	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 37	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19980000	−1054.4	144.12	0.402	Norse group (low-inclination)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 41	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	24773800	−1455.81	158.656	0.222	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 44	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	26083200	−1572.74	168.882	0.593	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2020 S 11	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11298100	+448.35	49.385	0.373	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2020 S 12	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11330300	+450.27	51.123	0.186	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2020 S 13	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11402800	+454.6	45.394	0.468	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 16	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17123200	−836.55	166.557	0.37	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 17	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	17080300	−833.41	146.945	0.418	Norse group (low-inclination)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2020 S 19	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17871400	+891.98	48.209	0.102	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 20	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18133100	−911.64	172.299	0.142	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 22	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19230200	−995.61	158.468	0.078	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 23	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19589700	−1023.66	166.914	0.085	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 24	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20633100	−1106.53	159.662	0.223	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 30	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21351300	−1164.79	153.759	0.605	Norse group (Kari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 31	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22892500	−1293.17	166.316	0.232	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 33	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23430100	−1338.98	164.295	0.474	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 34	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22873000	−1291.52	160.899	0.1	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 38	―		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23609000	−1354.35	161.357	0.521	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 39	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	24697100	−1449.05	161.172	0.385	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 41	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	25397200	−1511.1	163.88	0.353	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 42	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	24750100	−1453.72	158.136	0.546	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 43	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	26232300	−1586.24	167.016	0.194	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 44	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	28043800	−1753.36	169.283	0.231	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2023 S 1	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11207800	+442.99	52.37	0.373	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2023 S 2	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11310900	+449.12	47.595	0.228	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2023 S 3	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17617600	+873.04	45.309	0.321	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 5	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	25010600	−1476.73	164.16	0.636	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2023 S 6	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11090800	+436.07	46.11	0.471	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2023 S 7	―		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	11725400	+474.03	45.881	0.219	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 8	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	14327600	−640.29	165.179	0.12	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 9	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	15108800	−693.36	172.174	0.262	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 10	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	15426700	−715.36	161.587	0.27	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 13	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	16343300	−780.05	170.201	0.21	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 16	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17246200	−845.58	160.32	0.233	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♣S/2023 S 17	―		17.1	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17340200	+852.5	33.838	0.569	Gallic group	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♣S/2023 S 18	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17229200	+844.33	38.536	0.508	Gallic group	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2023 S 19	―		17.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17464000	+861.64	48.237	0.056	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 20	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18004000	−901.92	134.555	0.263	Norse group (low-inclination)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 21	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18624800	−948.97	159.018	0.062	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2023 S 22	―		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	18428000	+933.97	46.994	0.357	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 23	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19212500	−994.23	165.016	0.411	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 24	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19340900	−1004.22	169.272	0.299	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 25	―		17.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19736100	−1035.16	164.67	0.336	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 27	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19613700	−1025.54	149.055	0.558	Norse group (low-inclination)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 29	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20783300	−1118.63	170.814	0.105	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 30	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21318800	−1162.14	143.473	0.277	Norse group (low-inclination)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 32	―		17.2	≈ 2	≈ 0.004	21035300	−1139.03	169.604	0.113	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 33	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20754100	−1116.27	153.107	0.675	Norse group (Kari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 34	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21370100	−1166.33	167.752	0.482	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 42	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22403800	−1251.98	167.015	0.082	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 43	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23496200	−1344.65	168.412	0.274	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 45	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23419900	−1338.11	152.634	0.692	Norse group (Kari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 46	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	25366500	−1508.36	145.766	0.427	Norse group (low-inclination)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 47	―		17.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	26653400	−1624.59	161.795	0.114	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 49	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22042000	−1221.77	171.819	0.058	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 50	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17611300	−872.57	170.267	0.174	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 28	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	17684100	−877.99	156.439	0.178	Norse group (Kari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 30	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17828600	−888.77	168.838	0.1	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 36	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20076300	−1062.04	166.966	0.168	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 38	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22356200	−1247.99	159.767	0.424	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 39	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	24139800	−1400.28	172.239	0.104	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 14	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	16078400	−761.16	163.832	0.369	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	♣S/2020 S 15	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	16835100	+815.52	35.445	0.385	Gallic group	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 18	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17780100	−885.15	167.764	0.167	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 21	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18638400	−950.01	169.07	0.315	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 25	―		17.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20748900	−1115.85	169.273	0.343	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 28	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22512300	−1261.08	166.014	0.43	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 29	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21938200	−1213.16	166.457	0.053	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 32	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21397500	−1168.58	171.286	0.471	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 35	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23277200	−1325.9	175.062	0.173	Norse group (Phoebe)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 36	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23272100	−1325.46	168.893	0.339	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 37	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23229500	−1321.82	177.272	0.284	Norse group (Phoebe)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 40	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	23311800	−1328.86	165.129	0.374	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 4	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17945800	−897.55	167.41	0.292	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 11	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	15041200	−688.71	171.366	0.312	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 12	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	15806900	−741.97	165.956	0.656	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 14	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17170800	−840.04	168.144	0.524	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 15	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17560100	−868.77	157.984	0.512	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 26	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20308700	−1080.53	166.263	0.275	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 28	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20032700	−1058.58	171.843	0.588	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 31	―		17.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21210600	−1153.31	160.633	0.175	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 35	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21972400	−1215.99	168.311	0.107	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 36	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21856400	−1206.38	164.444	0.278	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 37	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21949400	−1214.09	175.394	0.247	Norse group (Phoebe)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 38	―		17.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21849300	−1205.78	167.694	0.317	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 39	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22078600	−1224.82	167.444	0.056	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 40	―		16.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22318600	−1244.84	166.818	0.259	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 41	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	22335800	−1246.28	172.707	0.188	Norse group (Phoebe)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 44	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	26287700	−1591.27	167.695	0.465	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2023 S 48	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	20439300	−1090.97	169.407	0.068	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2023	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2004 S 54	―		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	11265600	+446.42	48.172	0.417	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2004	2025	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2004 S 55	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	11319500	+449.63	51.448	0.18	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2004	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 56	―		15.8	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	13661000	−596.13	162.591	0.358	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 57	―		16.2	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	18119300	−910.59	170.316	0.239	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2025	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2004 S 58	―		15.8	≈ 5	≈ 0.065	18170500	+914.46	44.023	0.135	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2004	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 59	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19099100	−985.45	170.447	0.291	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 60	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	19420700	−1010.44	172.884	0.28	Norse group (Phoebe)	2004	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2004 S 61	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	20893400	−1127.53	170.373	0.495	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2004	2025	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2005 S 6	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	17931200	+896.45	50.394	0.099	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2005	2025	Sheppard et al.
	♣S/2005 S 7	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18734500	+957.36	34.313	0.436	Gallic group	2005	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 21	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	15047400	−689.14	169.427	0.174	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 22	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	15139000	−695.44	170.673	0.231	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2006 S 23	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18176200	+914.89	42.055	0.238	Inuit group (Siarnaq)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 24	―		16.8	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18143200	−912.4	165.853	0.317	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 25	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18384900	−930.69	154.728	0.275	Norse group (Kari)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 26	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18655900	−951.35	173.641	0.22	Norse group (Phoebe)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 27	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	19422100	−1010.55	171.276	0.16	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 28	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	22361800	−1248.46	174.973	0.234	Norse group (Phoebe)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	‡S/2006 S 29	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	25925400	−1558.48	157.724	0.163	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2006	2025	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2007 S 10	―		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	11380300	+453.26	40.191	0.532	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2007	2025	Sheppard et al.
	♣S/2007 S 11	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	17602900	+871.95	38.019	0.417	Gallic group	2007	2025	Sheppard et al.
	♦S/2019 S 24	―		16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	11361100	+452.11	44.542	0.478	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	♦S/2019 S 25	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	11306800	+448.87	49.813	0.23	Inuit group (Kiviuq)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 27	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	16179300	−768.34	166.034	0.411	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	♣S/2019 S 29	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17345000	+852.85	36.75	0.401	Gallic group	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	♣S/2019 S 31	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	17791000	+885.96	38.476	0.594	Gallic group	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 33	―		16.3	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	18930200	−972.41	171.08	0.278	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	♣S/2019 S 34	―		16.7	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	18317400	+925.57	33.608	0.644	Gallic group	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 40	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	24549100	−1436.04	163.143	0.06	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 42	―		15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.034	23850100	−1375.15	162.502	0.168	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2019 S 43	―		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	27185300	−1673.46	168.322	0.228	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2019	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 26	―		16.6	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21541200	−1180.37	159.327	0.292	Norse group (Mundilfari)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.
	‡S/2020 S 27	―		16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.014	21656900	−1189.9	143.151	0.126	Norse group (low-inclination)	2020	2025	Ashton et al.

Close