Bohuslav Sobotka

Sobotka was born in Telnice, but soon moved with his family to Slavkov u Brna. He received a Master's degree in Law at Masaryk University.^[1]

After the fall of communism he helped rebuild the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), and also co-founded the Young Social Democrats, a youth wing of ČSSD.^{[citation needed]}

He was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 1996 legislative election.^[2]

When the Cabinet of Vladimír Špidla was formed in 2002, Sobotka was appointed Finance Minister, and he was subsequently reappointed in the cabinets of Social Democrat Prime Ministers Stanislav Gross and Jiří Paroubek.^[2] As finance minister, Sobotka formed an advisory body of economists, which later became the Czech Government's National Economic Council. When Jiří Paroubek became prime minister in 2005, Sobotka reduced his restrictions^[clarify] which led to an increase in the deficit.^[3] He was also a Deputy Prime Minister from 2003 to 2004 and 2005 to 2006.

After the 2006 legislative election, Sobotka sat as an opposition MP, and was shadow finance minister in the Social Democrat shadow cabinet. His party won the legislative election in 2010 but failed to form a governing coalition and remained in opposition. Sobotka then served as interim leader of ČSSD after the resignation of Jiří Paroubek following the election.^{[citation needed]}

Sobotka was elected leader of the party on 18 March 2011, defeating Michal Hašek, who became the first deputy leader.^[4][2] He thus became the Leader of the Opposition to the Cabinet of Petr Nečas.

Sobotka led his party in the 2013 Czech legislative election, which they won with 20.45% of the vote.^{[citation needed]} He was designated as prime minister on 17 January 2014,^{[citation needed]} and appointed as the 11th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic with his cabinet by President Miloš Zeman on 29 January 2014. His cabinet consisted of members of the coalition government comprising ČSSD, ANO 2011, and KDU-ČSL. Sobotka's government coalition had 111 seats out of 200 in the Chamber of Deputies, and his ČSSD had 50 seats.

As Prime Minister, Bohuslav Sobotka maintained a relatively positive stance on the Czech Republic's membership in the European Union. He stated that "membership of the Czech Republic in the European Union is a benefit", and that membership provides better security measures and economic stability.^[5] However, in early 2016, Sobotka said there would be a national debate on the country's place in the European Union in the case of British withdrawal.^[6]

On 26 May 2015, Sobotka's coalition government faced its first attempted overthrow, when the opposition called for a vote of no-confidence in the government because of Finance Minister Andrej Babiš. The attempt was not supported by the Chamber of Deputies.^[7]

In December 2016, Sobotka called for higher corporate taxes, stating: "The way taxation is set up right now it only obliges the big and rich players, who export their profits out of the Czech Republic. Annually, these sums amount to 200 to 300 billion Czech koruna."^[8]

Sobotka's government introduced a series of measures to tackle tax evasion (including electronic registration of sales and a VAT control system), strengthened relations with China, enacted police reforms, repealed the Civil Service Act, and introduced a smoking ban. He also frequently clashed with President Miloš Zeman regarding Russian intervention in Ukraine and the resulting sanctions, as well as domestic policy.

On 2 May 2017, Sobotka sparked a government crisis by announcing that he would resign because he could not bear responsibility for Finance Minister Andrej Babiš. Sobotka stated that Babiš had failed to clear up questions surrounding financial transactions connected to his business activity.^[9] Sobotka changed his mind on 5 May 2017, and instead decided to fire Babiš from his cabinet.^[10]

On 14 June 2017, Sobotka announced his resignation as leader of ČSSD due to low opinion polling, some of which showed his party with support of 10%. He said that "the party has to undergo deeper changes so that it will be able to address people better and mobilize its supporters and members" ahead of the 2017 legislative election. However, he opted to stay on as prime minister.^[11] After his resignation, Minister of Interior Milan Chovanec became acting leader of ČSSD, while Minister of Foreign Affairs Lubomír Zaorálek became the party's candidate for Prime Minister.^[12] However, Sobotka decided to compete in the election as the party leader in the South Moravian Region, where he was re-elected. In December 2017, he was succeeded as Prime Minister by Andrej Babiš. He was the first prime minister in 15 years and the third in the history of the Czech Republic to finish his full term.

Sobotka returned to his hometown of Vyškov in January 2018 and stated that he planned to restart his political career. Members of the local ČSSD stated they did not intend for him to run in the upcoming municipal election.^[13] On 22 March 2018, Sobotka announced that he would resign as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, effective 1 April 2018, citing personal reasons.^[14]

Sobotka was married to Olga Sobotková between 2003 and 2018, with whom he has two sons.^{[citation needed]}