't - Wikiwand

See also: Appendix:Variations of "t"

English

Pronunciation

Audio (US): (file)

Pronoun

(archaic or eye dialect) Contraction of it.
- 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 6, column 2:
  He could not miſſe't.
- 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 217, column 1:
  Then marke th’inducement. Thus it came; giue heede too’t:
(eye dialect) Contraction of that.
- 2006 February 3, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, season 1, episode 2:
  What was all that about?
  Well, like all women, she's shoe-mad.
  't’s a bit sexist, isn't it?
  Do you know one woman who isn't obsessed with shoes?
  No, but I only know one woman. And she just left the room shouting "THE SHOES!"

Derived terms

Afrikaans

Verb

(uncommon) Contraction of het.

Pronoun

(uncommon) Contraction of dit.

Catalan

Pronoun

Contraction of te.

Usage notes

't is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
Fixa't. ― Take note.

Declension

More information strong/subject, weak (direct object) ...

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
			strong/subject	proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic	possessive
singular	1st person	standard	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
	1st person	majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
		formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
	2nd person	formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	f	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en, n’	-ne, ’n
adverbial	locative			hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural. ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ət/, /t/
Audio: (file)

Article

Contraction of het (“the”).
Dan houdt 't verhaal op. ― Then the story ends.

Waar in 't veld staat hij? ― Where on the pitch is he?

Wat ga je in 't weekend doen? ― What are you up to this weekend?

Also used in names: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (Nobel laureate in chemistry)

Pronoun

Contraction of het (“it”).
't Is al laat. ― It's late already.

Kan je 't goed zien? ― Can you see it well?

Usage notes

Common in spoken Dutch. Other than in names, "het" is usually written in full in written Dutch.

't is never capitalised, even before a proper noun or at the start of sentences. Instead, the following word is capitalised, as in 't Kan beter. (It could be better.)

Declension

More information subject, object ...

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive	genitive⁵
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k¹	mij	me	mijn	m'n¹	mijne	me	mijner, mijns
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je	jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer, uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u, zich⁷	uwer, uws
3rd person masculine	hij	ie¹	hem	'm¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	h'r¹, 'r¹, d'r¹	haar	h'r¹, 'r¹, d'r¹	hare	zich	harer, haars
3rd person neuter	het	't¹	het	't¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner, zijns
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons, onze²	–	onze	ons	onzer, onzes
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je	–
2nd person archaic or regiolectal⁶	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer, uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u, zich⁷	uwer, uws
3rd person	zij	ze	hen³, hun⁴	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich	hunner, huns
¹⁾ Not as common in written language. ²⁾ Inflected as an adjective. ³⁾ In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). ⁴⁾ In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). ⁵⁾ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. ⁶⁾ To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people").				⁷⁾ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'

Dutch personal pronouns

Ilocano

Alternative forms

-t', -t, t'

Etymology

Contraction of ti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t/ [t]

Article

Contraction of ti.
- 2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Misa a Sangkagimongan [The Order of Mass]”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio, page xlvi:
  Amami ng adda't sadi langit
  Our father in heaven

Limburgish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ət/
- IPA^(key): /‿t/ (enclitic after a vowel)

Etymology 1

Contraction of het.

Article

't n

the, it

Pronoun

't n

Reduced form of het (“it”)

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ich	'ch	mich	m'ch	mir	m'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		doe	de	dich	d'ch	dir	d'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		duur	'r	uch	uch [əç]	uch	uch [əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person singular	m	heë deë	e de	dem	d'm	hem dem	'm	zich
	f	zie het	ze 't
	n	det	't
1st person plural		vir	v'r	ós	—	ós	—	like dat. and acc.
2nd person plural		duur	'r	uch	uch [əç]	uch	uch [əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person plural		zie die	ze	hön	—	hönnen	—	zich

Limburgish (Southeast) personal pronouns

Etymology 2

Contraction of het, itself derived from det.

Pronoun

't f

Reduced form of het (“she”)

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ich	'ch	mich	m'ch	mir	m'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		doe	de	dich	d'ch	dir	d'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		duur	'r	uch	uch [əç]	uch	uch [əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person singular	m	heë deë	e de	dem	d'm	hem dem	'm	zich
	f	zie het	ze 't
	n	det	't
1st person plural		vir	v'r	ós	—	ós	—	like dat. and acc.
2nd person plural		duur	'r	uch	uch [əç]	uch	uch [əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person plural		zie die	ze	hön	—	hönnen	—	zich

Limburgish (Southeast) personal pronouns

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t/

Pronoun

Alternative form of et

Usage notes

Chiefly used before and after vowels, but never obligatory.

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
				nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
				stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	reflexive
singular	1st person			ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	informal		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	formal		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
	3rd person		m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
			f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
			n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
plural	1st person			mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
	2nd person			dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
	3rd person			si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

North Frisian

Pronoun

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring, Sylt) Reduced form of hat (“it”, subject)
(Föhr-Amrum) Reduced form of hat (“she”, subject)
(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Reduced form of ham (“it”, object)
(Föhr-Amrum) Reduced form of ham (“her”, object)
(Sylt) Reduced form of höm (“it”, object)

Usage notes

The form 't is enclitic after a verb or conjunction, unlike at, et, which are unstressed, but can occur in all positions.

Alternative forms

(it): at (Föhr-Amrum), et (Mooring, Sylt)
(she; her): 's (Mooring, Sylt)

Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st		ik	'k	mi		man	min		minen
	2nd		dü	–	di		dan	din		dinen
	3rd	m	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin		sinen
	3rd	f or n	hat	at, 't	ham	at, 't	san	sin		sinen
plural	1st		wi	'f	üs		üüs			üüsen
	1st		wi	'f	üs		üsens
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jau			jauen
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jamens
	3rd		jo	's	jo	's	hör			hören
	3rd		jo	's	jo	's	hörens

The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.

More information personal, possessive ...

Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
singular	1st		ik	'k	me		man	min
	2nd		dü	–	de		dan	din
	3rd	m	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin
		f	jü	's	har	's	harn	har
		n	hat	et, 't	ham	et, 't	san	sin
plural	1st		we		üs		üüsen	üüs
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jarnge
	3rd		ja	's	ja, jam	's	jare

The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

More information personal, possessive ...

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		singular referent	plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	singular referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st		ik	'k	mi		min		minen
	2nd		dü	–	di		din		dinen
	3rd	m	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin		sinen
		f	jü	's	höör	's	höör		höören
		n	hat	et, 't	höm	et, 't	sin		sinen

dual	1st		wat		unk		unk		unken
	2nd		at		junk		junk		junken
	3rd		jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren

plural	1st		wü		üüs		üüs		üüsen
	2nd		i		juu		juu		juuen
	3rd		ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren

The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Tagalog

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /t/ [t̪]

Conjunction

't (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔)

Contraction of at

Usage notes

Only used after a word ending in a vowel or ⟨n⟩, primarily used as a clitic

Derived terms

Zealandic

Determiner

neuter singular of de

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