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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 𝌆, Φ, Ф, ↀ, and ቀ
中 U+4E2D, 中
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D
← 丬
[U+4E2C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丮 →
[U+4E2E]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
4 strokes
Close
More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
Close

Han character

中 (Kangxi radical 2, 丨+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中 (L), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻口丨)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 79, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 73
  • Dae Jaweon: page 158, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 28, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4E2D

Chinese

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...
simp. and trad.
 中
alternative forms 𠁦
𠁧
𠁩
𠔈
𠔗
Close
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 中 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 中 (Cantonese)
  • 中 (Gan)

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 中, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character 中
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
j00886
j00887
j00888
j00889
j00890
j00891
j00892
j00893
j00894
j00895
j00896
j00897
j00898
j00899
j00900
j00901
j00902
j00903
j00904
j00905
j00906
j00907
j00908
j00909
j00910
j00911
j00912
j00913
j00914
j00915
j00916
j00917
j00918
j00919
b00634
b00635
b00636
b00637
b00638
b00639
b00640
b00641
b00642
b00643
b00644
b00645
b00646
b00647
b00648
b00649
b00650
b00651
b00652
b00653
b00654
b00655
b00656
b00657
b00658
b00659
b00660
b00661
b00662
b00663
b00664
b00665
b00666
b00667
b00668
b00669
b00670
b00671
b00672
b00673
b00674
b00675
b00676
b00677
b00678
b00679
s00273
s00274
s00275
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Close
More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
中 *tuŋ, *tuŋs
忠 *tuŋ
衷 *tuŋ, *tuŋs
忡 *tʰuŋ
浺 *tʰuŋ
盅 *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ
种 *duŋ
沖 *duŋ
翀 *duŋ
仲 *duŋs
Close
Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Pictogram (象形) – a flagpole. Based on archaeological evidence, the middle box has been interpreted as a drum (建鼓). This flagpole with a drum was placed in the center of a field to gather people and to detect the direction of the wind. In addition, the pronunciation of 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) is reminiscent of the beating of a drum.

Shuowen interprets the character as a vertical stroke 丨 passing through the center of 口, indicating the center.

It has also been interpreted as an arrow in the center of a target.

Etymology

“Middle; centre” (Pronunciation 1) > “to hit the centre; to attain” (Pronunciation 2).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t/duŋ. Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང (gzhung, “middle, center”).

Related to:

  • 衷 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs, “middle; inner garment; inner feelings”);
  • 仲 (OC *duŋs, “second (of the brothers or months)”).

Pronunciation 1

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location 中
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡suŋ²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /p͡fəŋ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /p͡fə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂoŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂoŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡suŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡soŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡san¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂoŋ³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡suŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tuŋ⁴⁴/ ～心
/t͡suŋ⁴⁴/ ～間
Taoyuan /tuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡soŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tœyŋ⁵⁴/
/tœyŋ³³/ ～奬
Shantou (Teochew) /toŋ³³/
/taŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /toŋ²³/
Close
More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 中
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟弓切
Baxter trjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ȶiuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭuŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zung1
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 中
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trjuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*truŋ/
English center

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 中
Reading # 1/2
No. 17407
Phonetic
component		 中
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 中
Old
Chinese		 /*tuŋ/
Close
Note:
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

中

  1. middle; center
    居中  ―  jūzhōng  ―  to be placed in the middle
    華中／华中  ―  Huázhōng  ―  Central China
  2. medium; intermediary
    中型  ―  zhōngxíng  ―  medium-size; mid-size
    這件夾克有三個尺碼：小、中、大。 [MSC, trad.]
    这件夹克有三个尺码：小、中、大。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiàn jiākè yǒu sān ge chǐmǎ: xiǎo, zhōng, dà. [Pinyin]
    You can get the jacket in three sizes - small, medium and large.
  3. within; among; in
    水中  ―  shuǐ zhōng  ―  in the water
    我們中間有一個15歲的女孩。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们中间有一个15岁的女孩。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen zhōngjiān yǒu yīge 15 suì de nǚhái. [Pinyin]
    A 15-year-old girl was among us.
    他在事故中受傷。 [MSC, trad.]
    他在事故中受伤。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài shìgù zhōng shòushāng. [Pinyin]
    He was injured in the accident.
  4. while; in the process of; during; in the middle of
    發展中國家／发展中国家  ―  fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā  ―  developing countries
    網頁正在建設中。 [MSC, trad.]
    网页正在建设中。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǎngyè zhèngzài jiànshè zhōng. [Pinyin]
    The website is under construction.
  5. to be fit for
    中用  ―  zhōngyòng  ―  to be useful
    中聽／中听  ―  zhōngtīng  ―  pleasant to the ear
  6. heart; innermost being
  7. intermediary
  8. (dialectal) all right; OK
  9. (Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    五四中二十 [Cantonese]  ―  ng5 sei3 zung1 ji6 sap6 [Jyutping]  ―  five time four equals twenty
  10. Short for 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó, “China; Chinese”).
    中醫／中医  ―  zhōngyī  ―  traditional Chinese medicine
    中美關係／中美关系  ―  Zhōng Měi guānxì  ―  China–United States relation
  11. Short for 中學／中学 (zhōngxué, “middle school”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
    三中  ―  Sān Zhōng  ―  No.3 Middle School
  12. 1st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "the center" (𝌆)
  13. a surname

Synonyms

  • (China):

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 中
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟仲切
Baxter trjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨuŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiuŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiuŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuwŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ȶiuŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭuŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯uŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zung3
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 中
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhòng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trjuwngH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*truŋ-s/
English hit the center

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 中
Reading # 2/2
No. 17410
Phonetic
component		 中
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 中
Old
Chinese		 /*tuŋs/
Close
Note:
  • tiòng - literary;
  • tèng - vernacular;
  • thàng - vernacular (limited).

Definitions

中

  1. to hit the mark; to be correct; to be successful
    導彈成功擊中目標。 [MSC, trad.]
    导弹成功击中目标。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dǎodàn chénggōng jī zhòng mùbiāo. [Pinyin]
    The missile successfully hit the target.
    真讓他說中了。 [MSC, trad.]
    真让他说中了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhēn ràng tā shuō zhòng le. [Pinyin]
    He turns out to be correct.
  2. to be hit by; to suffer; to be affected by
    中暑  ―  zhòngshǔ  ―  to suffer a heat stroke
    他試圖爬走時肩膀中槍了。 [MSC, trad.]
    他试图爬走时肩膀中枪了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shìtú pá zǒu shí jiānbǎng zhòngqiāng le. [Pinyin]
    As he tried to crawl away, he was hit in the shoulder.
    他中了肺炎。  ―  Tā zhòng le fèiyán.  ―  He has contracted pneumonia.
  3. to win (a prize, a lottery)
    中樂透／中乐透  ―  zhòng lètòu  ―  win a lottery
    中咗六合彩 [Cantonese]  ―  zung3 zo2 luk6 hap6 coi2 [Jyutping]  ―  won the lottery
Synonyms
  • (Singapore Hokkien) 著 (tio̍h)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (中):

Others:

  • → Vietnamese: đúng (“correct”)
  • → Japanese: 中(チュン) (chun, “red dragon (mahjong tile)”)

Japanese

Korean

Old Korean

Vietnamese

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