令
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
令 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓戈 (OINI), four-corner 80307, composition ⿱亽龴(G) or ⿱亼龴(HTV) or ⿱亼𰆊(JK))
Derived characters
Stroke order | |||
Traditional or simplified Japanese or Korean |
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 93, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 387
- Dae Jaweon: page 198, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 111, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EE4
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 令 | ||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
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令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
命 | *mreŋs |
冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
嶺 | *reŋʔ |
領 | *reŋʔ |
阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
袊 | *reŋʔ |
詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
舲 | *reːŋ |
齡 | *reːŋ |
囹 | *reːŋ |
鴒 | *reːŋ |
蛉 | *reːŋ |
鈴 | *reːŋ |
苓 | *reːŋ |
伶 | *reːŋ |
泠 | *reːŋ |
瓴 | *reːŋ |
拎 | *reːŋ |
刢 | *reːŋ |
玲 | *reːŋ |
聆 | *reːŋ |
竛 | *reːŋ |
軨 | *reːŋ |
笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
翎 | *reːŋ |
閝 | *reːŋ |
鹷 | *reːŋ |
昤 | *reːŋ |
駖 | *reːŋ |
彾 | *reːŋ |
呤 | *reːŋ |
狑 | *reːŋ |
秢 | *reːŋ |
岭 | *reːŋ |
紷 | *reːŋ |
砱 | *reːŋ |
羚 | *reːŋ |
姈 | *reːŋ |
蕶 | *reːŋ |
澪 | *reːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.
Etymology 1
Usually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lin5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ling3
- Northern Min (KCR): lēng
- Eastern Min (BUC): lêng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ling5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nin4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
- Sinological IPA (key): /nin²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling6
- Yale: lihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling6
- Guangdong Romanization: ling6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: len5
- Sinological IPA (key): /len³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lin5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lin¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lin / liang
- Hakka Romanization System: lin / liang
- Hagfa Pinyim: lin4 / liang4
- Sinological IPA: /lin⁵⁵/, /li̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: lin˖ / liang˖
- Sinological IPA: /lin³³/, /liaŋ³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note: liang/liang˖ - riddle.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ling3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /liŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /leiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ling5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: līng
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ling5
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: lin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lin⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ljeng, ljengH, lengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*riŋ/, /*riŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reŋ/, /*reŋs/, /*reːŋs/
Definitions
令
- to order; to command
- order; command; directive
- to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow
- 令人 ― lìngrén ― to make someone (do something); to make people [with adjective]
- (historical) governor; magistrate (official title)
- (literary, or in compounds) good; excellent
- 于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū
- Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng. [Pinyin]
- It was in new spring, in a fair month,
When the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.
Plum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white
And the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.
于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。 [MSC, simp.]
- (literary, or in compounds) time; season
- (literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game
- (respectful) your
- (poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”).
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to order):
- (order):
- (drinker's wager game): 酒令 (jiǔlìng)
Descendants
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: líng
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: líng
- Wade–Giles: ling2
- Yale: líng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling4
- Yale: lìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling4
- Guangdong Romanization: ling4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: leng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/
Definitions
令
- Used in 令狐 (Línghú).
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 令利.
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 令俜.
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 令星.
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 脊令.
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 瓴 (líng).
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lǐng
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
- Wade–Giles: ling3
- Yale: lǐng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Yale: līng / līm / líhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Guangdong Romanization: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ⁵⁵/, /liːm⁵⁵/, /lɪŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: len2
- Sinological IPA (key): /len⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
令
- Classifier for reams of paper.
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lián
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lián
- Wade–Giles: lien2
- Yale: lyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
- Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: ljen
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ren/
Definitions
令
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Only used in 令居 (“ancient county in modern Gansu”).
Etymology 5
For pronunciation and definitions of 令 – see 齡 (“age; length of time; duration; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 齡). |
Notes:
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Compounds
- 一令
- 一聲令下 / 一声令下
- 下令 (xiàlìng)
- 三令五申 (sānlìngwǔshēn)
- 下逐客令 (xiàzhúkèlìng)
- 不令
- 中書令 / 中书令
- 京畿令
- 令尹 (lìngyǐn)
- 令人 (lìngrén)
- 令人不齒 / 令人不齿
- 令人切齒 / 令人切齿
- 令人心寒
- 令人意外
- 令人扼腕
- 令人捧腹
- 令人激賞 / 令人激赏
- 令人矚目 / 令人瞩目
- 令人神往
- 令人絕倒 / 令人绝倒
- 令人髮指 / 令人发指 (lìngrénfàzhǐ)
- 令人齒冷 / 令人齿冷
- 令兄 (lìngxiōng)
- 令公
- 令典
- 令出如山
- 令出必行
- 令出惟行
- 令史 (lìngshǐ)
- 令名 (lìngmíng)
- 令君
- 令嗣
- 令器
- 令坦
- 令堂 (lìngtáng)
- 令士
- 令妹 (lìngmèi)
- 令姊
- 令妻
- 令媛 (lìngyuàn)
- 令婿
- 令嬡 / 令嫒 (lìng'ài)
- 令子
- 令字旗
- 令官
- 令尊 (lìngzūn)
- 令尊大人
- 令岳
- 令弟 (lìngdì)
- 令德
- 令愛 / 令爱 (lìng'ài)
- 令慈
- 令旗
- 令日
- 令旨
- 令月 (lìngyuè)
- 令望
- 令正
- 令母
- 令牌 (lìngpái)
- 令狐
- 令甲
- 令節 / 令节
- 令箭 (lìngjiàn)
- 令箭荷花
- 令終 / 令终
- 令翠
- 令聞 / 令闻 (lìngwén)
- 令舅
- 令色 (lìngsè)
- 令行禁止 (lìngxíngjìnzhǐ)
- 令親 / 令亲 (lìngqīn)
- 令譽 / 令誉 (lìngyù)
- 令辰
- 令郎 (lìngláng)
- 令閣 / 令阁
- 令閫 / 令阃
- 使令 (shǐlìng)
- 來令片 / 来令片
- 借令
- 傳令 / 传令 (chuánlìng)
- 傳令兵 / 传令兵
- 先令 (xiānlìng)
- 光桿司令 / 光杆司令 (guānggǎn sīlìng)
- 冬令 (dōnglìng)
- 冬令進補 / 冬令进补
- 利令智昏 (lìlìngzhìhūn)
- 功令
- 劭令
- 勒令 (lèlìng)
- 動員令 / 动员令 (dòngyuánlìng)
- 即令 (jílìng)
- 口令 (kǒulìng)
- 司令 (sīlìng)
- 司令官 (sīlìngguān)
- 司令臺 / 司令台
- 司令部 (sīlìngbù)
- 召集令
- 吃口令
- 命令 (mìnglìng)
- 命令主義 / 命令主义 (mìnglìngzhǔyì)
- 命令句 (mìnglìngjù)
- 喝令 (hèlìng)
- 喊口令
- 善始令終 / 善始令终
- 園令 / 园令
- 夏令 (xiàlìng)
- 夏令時間 / 夏令时间
- 夏令營 / 夏令营 (xiàlìngyíng)
- 外交詞令 / 外交词令
- 外交辭令 / 外交辞令 (wàijiāo cílìng)
- 大令
- 太史令 (tàishǐ lìng)
- 奉令
- 奉令承教
- 如律令
- 媽媽令兒 / 妈妈令儿
- 密令 (mìlìng)
- 將令 / 将令 (jiànglìng)
- 小令
- 尚書令 / 尚书令 (shàngshūlìng)
- 就令
- 屬令 / 属令
- 巧言令色 (qiǎoyánlìngsè)
- 巽令
- 帥令 / 帅令
- 廟令 / 庙令
- 律令 (lǜlìng)
- 得令 (délìng)
- 從令如流 / 从令如流
- 急令 (jílìng)
- 急口令 (jíkǒulìng)
- 慾令智昏 / 欲令智昏 (yùlìngzhìhūn)
- 憲令 / 宪令
- 應時當令 / 应时当令
- 戒嚴令 / 戒严令 (jièyánlìng)
- 手令 (shǒulìng)
- 打令 (dǎlìng)
- 抱令守律
- 拗口令 (àokǒulìng)
- 指令 (zhǐlìng)
- 挾主行令 / 挟主行令
- 支付命令
- 政令 (zhènglìng)
- 政令不一
- 敕令 (chìlìng)
- 教令
- 施令
- 明令 (mínglìng)
- 明法審令 / 明法审令
- 春令 (chūnlìng)
- 時令 / 时令
- 時令病 / 时令病 (shílìngbìng)
- 月令
- 朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
- 朝令暮改
- 油令
- 法令 (fǎlìng)
- 火牌令箭
- 特令 (tèlìng)
- 特赦令
- 生申令日
- 申令 (shēnlìng)
- 當令 / 当令 (dānglìng)
- 當時得令 / 当时得令
- 發令槍 / 发令枪
- 發號令 / 发号令
- 發號出令 / 发号出令
- 發號布令 / 发号布令 (fāhàobùlìng)
- 發號施令 / 发号施令 (fāhàoshīlìng)
- 白令
- 白令海 (Báilìng Hǎi)
- 白令海峽 / 白令海峡 (Báilìng Hǎixiá)
- 盧令 / 卢令
- 目使頤令 / 目使颐令
- 省令
- 禁令 (jìnlìng)
- 禁制令 (jìnzhìlìng)
- 秋令
- 科令
- 稟令 / 禀令
- 節令 / 节令 (jiélìng)
- 緊急命令 / 紧急命令
- 縣令 / 县令
- 縱令 / 纵令 (zònglìng)
- 總司令 / 总司令 (zǒngsīlìng)
- 繞口令 / 绕口令 (ràokǒulìng)
- 纏令 / 缠令
- 老令婆
- 考工令
- 耍令
- 聽令 / 听令 (tīnglìng)
- 脊令在原
- 荀令香
- 薙髮令 / 剃发令
- 蘭臺令史 / 兰台令史
- 號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
- 號令如山 / 号令如山
- 號令森嚴 / 号令森严
- 行令 (xínglìng)
- 行政命令 (xíngzhèng mìnglìng)
- 行酒令 (xíng jiǔlìng)
- 觥令
- 討令 / 讨令
- 訓令 / 训令 (xùnlìng)
- 詞令 / 词令
- 詔令 / 诏令 (zhàolìng)
- 調令 / 调令 (diàolìng)
- 諂詞令色 / 谄词令色
- 諭令 / 谕令 (yùlìng)
- 貳令 / 贰令
- 趙令畤 / 赵令畤
- 軍令 / 军令 (jūnlìng)
- 軍令如山 / 军令如山 (jūnlìngrúshān)
- 軍令狀 / 军令状 (jūnlìngzhuàng)
- 辭令 / 辞令 (cílìng)
- 迫令 (pòlìng)
- 通令 (tōnglìng)
- 逐客令
- 通緝令 / 通缉令 (tōngjīlìng)
- 違令 / 违令 (wéilìng)
- 達令 / 达令 (dálìng)
- 郭令公
- 酒令 (jiǔlìng)
- 鈞令 / 钧令
- 閫令 / 阃令
- 關令 / 关令
- 限令 (xiànlìng)
- 陰令 / 阴令
- 雜板令 / 杂板令
- 電腦指令 / 电脑指令
- 飭令 / 饬令 (chìlìng)
- 鮑令暉 / 鲍令晖
- 點召令 / 点召令
- 鼓令
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling3
- Yale: ling
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling3
- Guangdong Romanization: ling3
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
令
Compounds
Japanese
Korean
Vietnamese
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