刮 - Wikiwand

Glyph origin

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
咶	qʰroːds, qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	kroːd, koːd
趏	kroːd, kʰroːd
舌	ɡroːd, ɦbljed
姡	ɡroːd, ɡoːd
頢	ɡroːd, koːd
括	*koːd
活	koːd, ɡoːd
适	koːd, kʰoːd
栝	koːd, l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	koːd, ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	koːd, slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	koːd, kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...

simp. and trad.		刮
alternative forms		𠜜劀

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 刮
Mandarin	Beijing	/kua⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kua²¹³/ ～風 /kʰua⁴⁴/ ～鬍子
	Tianjin	/kuɑ¹³/
	Jinan	/kua²¹³/ /kʰua²¹³/ ～臉
	Qingdao	/kua⁵⁵/ ～風 /kʰua⁵⁵/ ～臉
	Zhengzhou	/kua²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kua²¹/
	Xining	/kua⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kua¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kua¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kua²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kua²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kua³¹/
	Guiyang	/kua²¹/
	Kunming	/kua̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/kuɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kuʌʔ¹³/ ～風 /kuɑ¹³/ ～鬍子
	Hohhot	/kuaʔ⁴³/ ～風 /kua³¹/ 耳～子
Wu	Shanghai	/kuaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kuaʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kuɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ko²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kuaʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kuːə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kua²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kuɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuaʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kuat̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kuɑt̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwat̚³/
	Nanning	/kʷat̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kwat̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kuat̚³²/ /kuaʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kuɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kua²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kuaʔ²/ /kueʔ²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kuak̚⁵/

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	黠 (72)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古䫄切
Baxter	kwaet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/kuat̚/
Wang Li	/kwat̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gua
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaat³

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guā
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæt ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʷˁ]r[a]t/
English	scrape (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
No.	7559
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	刮
Old Chinese	/*kroːd/

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): guā (gua¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуа (gua, II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaat³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): koat

(Meixian, Guangdong): guad⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): guah⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): koat / koah / kuih / koeh / khe / khoe

(Teochew, Peng'im): guêh⁴ / guah⁴ / huah⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷kuaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guā
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gua
  - Wade–Giles: kua¹
  - Yale: gwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
  - Palladius: гуа (gua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуа (gua, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gwaat³
  - Yale: gwaat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: guad³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koat
  - Hakka Romanization System: guad^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: guad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯at̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kuat̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: guah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuaʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
  - Tâi-lô: kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
  - Tâi-lô: kuah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuih
  - Tâi-lô: kuih
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuiq
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kuiʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koeh
  - Tâi-lô: kueh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koeq
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kueʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
  - Tâi-lô: khe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
  - Tâi-lô: khue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/

Note:

koat - literary;
koah - vernacular;
kuih/koeh - vernacular (俗);
khe/khoe - 磎 is used in the Mainland.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guêh⁴ / guah⁴ / huah⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueh / kuah / huah
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kueʔ²/, /kuaʔ²/, /huaʔ²/

Note:

guah4 - equivalent to 颳;
huah4 - dialectal ("to sharpen").

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷kuaq
  - MiniDict: kuah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kuaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuaʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: kwaet

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/

(Zhengzhang): /*kroːd/

Definitions

刮

to shave; to pare off; to scrape
唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫 [Cantonese, trad.]
唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍 [Cantonese, simp.]
m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹ [Jyutping]
to accidentally scrape oneself on something
- 走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
  Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Alternative form of 颳 / 刮 (guā, “to blow”)
to wipe; to sweep
to plunder; to extort
(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold
(Cantonese, slang) to find someone
快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹! [Jyutping]
Hurry up and go look for him!

Compounds

刮削
刮痧 (guāshā)
刮目相看 (guāmùxiāngkàn)
刮臉 / 刮脸 (guāliǎn)
刮補 / 刮补
刮鬍子 / 刮胡子 (guā húzi)
打耳刮子
搜刮 (sōuguā)
耳刮子 (ěrguāzi)

Descendants

→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)

Etymology 2

More information simp. and trad. ...

simp. and trad.		刮

Pronunciation

Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): guad⁶

Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /kuat̚⁵/

Definitions

刮

(Hakka) very
刮唔好意思 [Meixian Hakka] ― guad⁶ m² hau³ yi⁴ si¹ [Hakka Transliteration Scheme] ― very embarrassed

Synonyms

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
	Taiwan	很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
	Malaysia	很
	Singapore	很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	很
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	很, 好
	Chongqing	很
	Wuhan	蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蠻, 稀, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	很
Cantonese	Guangzhou	好, 非常之
	Hong Kong	好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	好
	Taishan	好, 十分之
	Yangjiang	好
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	好
	Singapore (Guangfu)	好, 非常之, 非常
Gan	Nanchang	蠻
Hakka	Meixian	好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
	Huidong (Daling)	好
	Wuhua (Meilin)	好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頂
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	好
	Changting	野
	Wuping (Pingyu)	已, 刮
	Liancheng	樣
	Ninghua	好
	Ruijin	蠻
	Shicheng	蠻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	蠻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當, 已, 還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蓋, 盡, 還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當, 盡, 已, 還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當, 已, 還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當, 已, 還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	足, 真, 實在
	Hong Kong	好
	Sabah (Bao'an)	好
	Kuching (Hepo)	很
	Singapore (Dabu)	好
Jin	Taiyuan	很, 挺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	盡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野, 真
	Singapore (Fuqing)	真
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	真
Southern Min	Xiamen	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	真
	Quanzhou	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
	Jinjiang	野, 萬代
	Zhangzhou	盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
	Zhao'an	很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
	Dongshan	真, 非常
	Taipei	真, 誠
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	真, 誠
	Kaohsiung	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Yilan	有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
	Changhua (Lukang)	真, 誠
	Taichung	誠, 蓋, 足
	Tainan	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Hsinchu	真, 誠
	Kinmen	足, 誠
	Penghu (Magong)	真, 誠
	Penang (Hokkien)	真, 誠, 真正
	Singapore (Hokkien)	真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
	Manila (Hokkien)	野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
	Chaozhou	過, 好, 非常, 死爸
	Shantou	過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
	Shantou (Chenghai)	好, 死絕
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	好, 非常
	Jieyang	過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
	Bangkok (Teochew)	好
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	好
	Singapore (Teochew)	真, 死爸, 非常
	Wenchang	極, 但顧, 真
	Haikou	但顧
	Qionghai	但顧, 真
	Singapore (Hainanese)	但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	好, 蠻
Wu	Shanghai	蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
	Suzhou	蠻, 窮
	Hangzhou	蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
	Ningbo	交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
	Zhoushan	交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
	Wenzhou	蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang	Changsha	很, 蠻
Xiang	Shuangfeng	蠻

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]

References

“刮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

刮

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

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