吾
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
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Han character
吾 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一一口 (MMR), four-corner 10601, composition ⿱五口)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 180, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3379
- Dae Jaweon: page 398, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 585, character 13
- Unihan data for U+543E
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 吾 | ||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː): phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa (“I”). Cognate with Burmese ငါ (nga, “I”), 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”), Hakka 𠊎 (ngài, “I”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ng4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngù
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ngu; 6ng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wú
- Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wú
- Wade–Giles: wu2
- Yale: wú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wǔ
- Wade–Giles: wu3
- Yale: wǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuu
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note:
- wú - standard;
- wǔ - common variant.
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: wǔ / ńg
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): wu3 / ng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /u¹¹/, /ŋ̍²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ng4
- Yale: ǹgh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ng4
- Guangdong Romanization: ng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋ̍²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ǹg
- Hakka Romanization System: ngˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ng2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ng
- Sinological IPA: /ŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gou2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gó
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔu¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
- Tâi-lô: ngôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô͘
- Tâi-lô: gôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: goo
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɔ¹³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: u5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: û
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: ngu
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaː/
Definitions
吾
- (literary or dialectal) I
- 如有政，雖不吾以，吾其與聞之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Rú yǒu zhèng, suī bù wú yǐ, wú qí yù wén zhī. [Pinyin]
- If there had been government business, though I am now not appointed, I should have been consulted about it.
如有政，虽不吾以，吾其与闻之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 吾觀全地球之社會，未有凌亂舊金山之華人者。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1904 February, Liang Qichao, "Travel Notes of the New Continent"
- Wú guān quán dìqiú zhī shèhuì, wèi yǒu língluàn Jiùjīnshān zhī huárén zhě. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
吾观全地球之社会，未有凌乱旧金山之华人者。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) my
- 吾皇 [Classical Chinese] ― wú huáng [Pinyin] ― my emperor
- a surname, Wu
Synonyms
Usage notes
Before the Three Kingdoms period, 吾 ("I") was mostly only used as a subject, a pronoun object of a negated sentence or an interrogative pronoun object (the latter two cases are where the pronoun object is placed before the verb), meaning 吾 seldom occurred as the pronoun object that is placed after a verb.
Compounds
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wú
- Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wú
- Wade–Giles: wu2
- Yale: wú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ng4
- Yale: ǹgh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ng4
- Guangdong Romanization: ng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋ̍²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: ngu
Definitions
吾
- Used for onomatopoeia.
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wú
- Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wú
- Wade–Giles: wu2
- Yale: wú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ng4
- Yale: ǹgh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ng4
- Guangdong Romanization: ng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋ̍²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
吾
- Used in transcription.
Compounds
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngâ
- Hakka Romanization System: ngaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nga1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋa²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: nga
- Sinological IPA: /ŋa⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Definitions
吾
- (Hakka) my
- 吾姆 [Sixian Hakka] ― ngâ mê [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― my mom
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wú
- Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wú
- Wade–Giles: wu2
- Yale: wú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ng4
- Yale: ǹgh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ng4
- Guangdong Romanization: ng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋ̍²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
吾
Compounds
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yá
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yá
- Wade–Giles: ya2
- Yale: yá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
- Palladius: я (ja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jä³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaa4
- Yale: ngàh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa4
- Guangdong Romanization: nga4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: ngae
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː/
Definitions
吾
- Only used in 允吾 (Yányá; Qiānyá). A county established during the Western Han, disestablished during the Northern Wei, and briefly reestablished during the Sui dynasty
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yú
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
吾
- Only used in 吾吾.
References
- “吾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
吾
Readings
Etymology 1
| For pronunciation and definitions of 吾 – see the following entry. | ||||
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| (This term, 吾, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 吾 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 吾, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 吾 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 吾, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Hanja
吾 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Old Japanese
Pronoun
吾 (wa) (kana わ)
Descendants
- Satsugū dialect: おい (oi)
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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