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咱
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 偺
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Translingual
Han character
咱 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口竹月山 (RHBU), four-corner 66000, composition ⿰口自)
Derived characters
- 𥻢
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 187, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3552
- Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 618, character 6
- Unihan data for U+54B1
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Etymology 1
Fusion of 自家 (MC dzijH kae, “self”) [Song] > Modern Mandarin zá (Lü, 1984). Fusion with 們/们 (men) produces the form with a nasal coda [Yuan], e.g. Modern Mandarin zán (Norman, 1988).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa1 / zaa2 / ze1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): cha
- Jin (Wiktionary): za2
- Eastern Min (BUC): cā
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tse
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zán
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zán
- Wade–Giles: tsan2
- Yale: dzán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzarn
- Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, literary variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zá
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zá
- Wade–Giles: tsa2
- Yale: dzá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzar
- Palladius: цза (cza)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sä³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
Note:
- zán - “I (dialectal); we; particle”;
- zá - “I (literary)”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: za2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: za
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sa²¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zaa1 / zaa2 / ze1
- Yale: jā / já / jē
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa1 / dzaa2 / dze1
- Guangdong Romanization: za1 / za2 / zé1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saː⁵⁵/, /t͡saː³⁵/, /t͡sɛː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cha
- Hakka Romanization System: za
- Hagfa Pinyim: za4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: za2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sa⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cā
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sa³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cham
- Tâi-lô: tsam
- Phofsit Daibuun: zafm
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha
- Tâi-lô: tsa
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaf
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sa⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: za1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sa³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Wu
Note: zaa2, ze1 - rare.
Definitions
咱
- (literary or dialectal) I; me
- 那人道:「喒要緊去睡,誰個耐煩。有話明日來說。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1627, Feng Menglong, 醒世恒言
- Nà rén dào: “Zán yàojǐn qù shuì, shéi ge nàifán. Yǒu huà míngrì lái shuō.” [Pinyin]
- That person said: I must go to sleep, who has the patience? If you have something to say, say it tomorrow.
那人道:「咱要紧去睡,谁个耐烦。有话明日来说。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (inclusive) we; us
- 咱昨日在圍場上,你一跳八丈的,如何就這麼不好的快?想是脫衣裳凍著了! [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 17th century, 醒世姻緣傳
- Zán zuórì zài wéichǎng shàng, nǐ yītiàobāzhàng de, rúhé jiù zhème bùhǎo de kuài? Xiǎng shì tuō yīshang dòng zhù le! [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
咱昨日在围场上,你一跳八丈的,如何就这么不好的快?想是脱衣裳冻着了! [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) A particle used after personal pronouns.
Synonyms
Descendants
- → Vietnamese: ta
See also
Etymology 2
Fusion of 早晚 (zǎowǎn).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zan
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄗㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zån
- Wade–Giles: tsan5
- Yale: dzan
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .tzan
- Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /d͡z̥än/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
咱
Etymology 3
From 儂/侬 (lâng, “person; I, me”) + elision of 儂/侬. Compare 阮 (gún, goán, “we, us (exclusive)”), 恁 (lín, “you (plural)”), 𪜶 (in, “they, them”).
Pronunciation
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nán
- Tâi-lô: nán
- Phofsit Daibuun: narn
- IPA (Philippines): /nan⁵⁵⁴/
Note: nán - usually as an instance of nasal assimilation on syllable initial/s usually from a previous syllable's nasal ending.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nang2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: náng
- Sinological IPA (key): /naŋ⁵²/
- (Teochew)
Definitions
咱 (Southern Min)
Synonyms
Compounds
See also
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zá
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zá
- Wade–Giles: tsa2
- Yale: dzá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzar
- Palladius: цза (cza)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sä³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
咱
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Sentence-final modal particle for the imperative mood, similar to 吧 (ba).
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Sentence-final modal particle for the declarative mood.
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zǎ
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zǎ
- Wade–Giles: tsa3
- Yale: dzǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaa
- Palladius: цза (cza)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
咱
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 咋 (“how”)
Compounds
References
- “咱”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- The template Template:R:nan:thcwda does not use the parameter(s):
1=325
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.“(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫, Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013.
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Japanese
Kanji
咱
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
咱 • (chal, cha) (hangeul 찰, 차, revised chal, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, ch'a)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
咱: Hán Nôm readings: cha, ta, thính
- Variant of 聽, see there for more details.
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