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在

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary


在 U+5728, 在
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5728
← 圧
[U+5727] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圩 →
[U+5729]
Wikimedia Commons has images and media related to:
在

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
6 strokes
Close
More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
Close

Han character

在 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大中土 (KLG), four-corner 40214, composition ⿸𠂇⿰丨土)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 224, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4881
  • Dae Jaweon: page 455, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 418, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5728

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 在, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character 在
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
Close
More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
茬 *zraː, *zraːʔ, *ʔsrɯ, *zrɯ
材 *zlɯː
才 *zlɯː, *zlɯːs
財 *zlɯː
鼒 *zlɯː, *ʔslɯ
在 *zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs
豺 *zrɯː
Close
Characters in the same phonetic series (才) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phonetic compound (OC *zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs): phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + phonetic 士 (OC *zrɯʔ).

Now phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs): phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + semantic 土 (“earth”).

在 was often visually identical to 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs, “sprout”) in the oracle bone script and some of the bronze inscriptions. It may be either a phonetic loan or a figurative derivative.

Etymology 1

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...
simp. and trad.
 在
alternative forms
扗
才 ancient
抂
𡉄
𡉈
扗
才 ancient
抂
𡉄
𡉈
𡉠
𥩴
 
Close

Probably related to 栽 (OC *ʔslɯː, “to plant”) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location 在
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sai⁵³/ ～早
/t͡sai²¹³/ ～家
Tianjin /tai⁵³/
/t͡sai⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sɛ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sai²¹³/ 現～
/tai²¹³/ ～家
Kunming /t͡sæ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sae⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡se̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ze²³/
Suzhou /ze̞³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ze̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ze³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
/t͡sʰɛ²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai⁵⁵/
/t͡sai¹¹/
/təu¹¹/ ～屋裡
Xiangtan /d͡zai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰoi⁴⁴/
/hoi⁴⁴/
/t͡sʰai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔi²²/
Nanning /t͡sɔi²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sai²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sai⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sai³⁵/
/to³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sai³³/
/ʔdu³³/ 訓
Close
More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 在 在
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 咍 (41) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 昨宰切 昨代切
Baxter dzojX dzojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zʌiX/ /d͡zʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zəiX/ /d͡zəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zɒiX/ /d͡zɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zəjX/ /d͡zəjH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zᴀiX/ /d͡zᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zɒiX/ /d͡zɒiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱɑ̆iX/ /d͡zʱɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zài zài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zoi6 zoi6
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 在
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzojX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]ˁəʔ/
English be at, be present

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 在 在
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1064 1065
Phonetic
component		 才 才
Rime
group		 之 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 在 載
Old
Chinese		 /*zlɯːʔ/ /*zlɯːs/
Close
Note: de4 - modal particle.
Note:
  • Sixian:
    • chhai - literary;
    • chhôi - colloquial;
    • ti/tu/tui/to/chhi/thê/thî/tî/chhî/chhô/chhok - colloquial (probably substitute).
  • Meixian:
    • cai4 - literary;
    • coi1 - colloquial;
    • hoi1/hoi4 - colloquial (preposition, also written as 嗨 or 喺).
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

在

  1. to exist; to be present; to be alive
    在嗎？／在吗？  ―  Zài ma?  ―  Are you here?
  2. to be at; to be in; to be located
    他在哪裡？／他在哪里？  ―  Tā zài nǎlǐ?  ―  Where is he?
    旅館在新購物中心附近。 [MSC, trad.]
    旅馆在新购物中心附近。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lǚguǎn zài xīn gòuwù zhōngxīn fùjìn. [Pinyin]
    The hotel is located near the new shopping center.
    我在只塊。／我在只块。 [Teochew]  ―  ua2 do6 zi2 go3. [Peng'im]  ―  I am here.
  3. be ...-ing; in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress)
    我在看電視。／我在看电视。  ―  Wǒ zài kàn diànshì.  ―  I'm watching TV.
    他在吃米飯。／他在吃米饭。  ―  Tā zài chī mǐfàn.  ―  He's eating rice.
    我在食飯。／我在食饭。 [Teochew]  ―  ua2 do6 ziah8 beng7. [Peng'im]  ―  I am eating.
  4. (located) in; at
    我住在中國。／我住在中国。  ―  Wǒ zhù zài Zhōngguó.  ―  I live in China.
    我們在當地報紙上登了一則廣告。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们在当地报纸上登了一则广告。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen zài dāngdì bàozhǐ shàng dēng le yī zé guǎnggào. [Pinyin]
    We put an ad in the local paper.
    每天下午他在家裡工作。 [MSC, trad.]
    每天下午他在家里工作。 [MSC, simp.]
    Měitiān xiàwǔ tā zài jiālǐ gōngzuò. [Pinyin]
    Every afternoon he works at home.
    在華／在华  ―  zài Huá  ―  in China
    在日  ―  zài Rì  ―  in Japan
  5. during; in
    你打算在假期裡做什麼？ [MSC, trad.]
    你打算在假期里做什么？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ dǎsuàn zài jiàqī lǐ zuò shénme? [Pinyin]
    What do you plan to do during the holidays?
    他的日記在他生前未曾發表過。 [MSC, trad.]
    他的日记在他生前未曾发表过。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā de rìjì zài tā shēngqián wèicéng fābiǎo guò. [Pinyin]
    His diary was not published during his lifetime.
  6. to lie in; to rest with
    事在人為／事在人为  ―  shìzàirénwéi  ―  human effort can achieve everything;
    成功貴在堅持。／成功贵在坚持。  ―  Chénggōng guì zài jiānchí.  ―  Perseverance is vital to success.
    去不去在你自己。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Qù bù qù zài nǐ zìjǐ. [Pinyin]
    It's up to you whether to go or not.
  7. to be at the post
    在職／在职  ―  zàizhí  ―  to be on the job; to be at one's post
    在野  ―  zàiyě  ―  to be out of office
  8. Misspelling of 再 (zài).
  9. a surname
  10. (Hokkien) steady
    坐較在咧 [Hokkien, trad.]
    坐较在咧 [Hokkien, simp.]
    From: https://sutian.moe.edu.tw/zh-hant/su/2128/
    chē khah chāi leh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Sit a little more steadily.
  11. (Singapore Hokkien) solid, confident, and collected under pressure; skilled
    伊真在咧 [Hokkien]  ―  i chin chāi leh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  He's so talented!
Synonyms
  • (to exist):
  • (in):
More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 在
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 在, 挨, 跟, 的
Taiwan 在
Harbin 在
Malaysia 在
Singapore 在
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 在, 從
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 在
Xi'an 在
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 在
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 在
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 在
Wuhan 在
Guiyang 在
Guilin 在
Liuzhou 在
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 在
Yangzhou 在
Rugao 吖
Hefei 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺, 響
Hong Kong 喺, 響
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 喺, 在
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 喺, 響
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 在
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 在
Macau 喺
Guangzhou (Panyu) 喺, 響
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 響, 喺
Guangzhou (Conghua) 在
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 在
Foshan 喺, 響
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 喺, 響
Foshan (Shunde) 喺
Foshan (Sanshui) 喺
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 喺, 響
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 在
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 在
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 響, 揀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 揀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 喺
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 喺
Taishan 到, 響
Kaiping (Chikan) 到, 響
Enping (Niujiang) 到, 響
Heshan (Yayao) 響
Dongguan 響, 在, 喺
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 在
Yangjiang 在
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 喺, 響
Ipoh (Guangfu) 喺
Singapore (Guangfu) 喺
Gan Nanchang 在
Lichuan 在
Pingxiang 在
Hakka Meixian 嗨
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 在
Dongguan (Qingxi) 在
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 在
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 在
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 在
Yudu 在
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 在
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 在
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 在
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 在
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 在
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 在
Hong Kong 在
Senai (Huiyang) 在
Kuching (Hepo) 在
Singapore (Dabu) 在
Jin Taiyuan 在
Xinzhou 在
Northern Min Jian'ou 到
Eastern Min Fuzhou 著, 在, 洽
Fuqing 著, 洽
Singapore (Fuqing) 著
Southern Min Xiamen 佇, 踮, 蹛
Quanzhou 佇, 踮, 蹛
Zhangzhou 佇, 咧, 蹛
Zhao'an 佇, 蹛
Taipei 佇
New Taipei (Sanxia) 佇
Kaohsiung 佇
Yilan 佇
Changhua (Lukang) 佇
Taichung 佇
Tainan 佇, 踮, 蹛
Hsinchu 佇
Kinmen 佇
Penghu (Magong) 佇
Penang (Hokkien) 佇, 蹛
Singapore (Hokkien) 佇, 壏
Manila (Hokkien) 佇, 踮
Chaozhou 在
Shantou 在
Shantou (Chenghai) 在
Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
Jieyang 在, 壏, 放
Haifeng 著
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 在
Singapore (Teochew) 在, 壏
Leizhou 佇, 放
Wenchang 佇
Singapore (Hainanese) 佇
Puxian Min Putian 著
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 在
Wu Shanghai 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該, 垃浪
Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) 垃該, 拉
Shanghai (Songjiang) 立垃, 勒嵌
Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) 垃, 垃垃
Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) 垃該
Shanghai (Fengxian) 垃該
Shanghai (Jinshan) 有垃, 垃該
Shanghai (Qingpu) 勒拉
Shanghai (Jiading) 勒, 浪, 勒浪, 勒搭
Shanghai (Chongming) 勒勒, 勒
Suzhou 勒, 勒勒, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒篤
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 勒, 勒海, 勒拉, 勒浪
Wuxi 勒, 來勒, 勒娘, 勒裡
Changshu 勒笃, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪
Kunshan 勒, 勒浪, 勒海
Qidong 勒
Qidong (Lüsi) 在, 來, 來該
Nantong (Haimen) 勒, 勒特, 勒海, 勒勒
Haimen (Sijia) 來, 來到
Rudong 勒, 勒勒
Pinghu 勒, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒化, 來, 來海, 來浪, 來化
Haining (Xiashi) 有起霍, 有起, 有垃, 起勒, 起, 勒, 起霍
Haiyan 勒, 勒勒
Changzhou 勒, 勒蕩, 勒娘, 勒頭, 漏
Liyang 立
Changzhou (Jintan) 在, 則
Danyang 在, 則
Jingjiang 來, 勒
Jiangyin 勒, 勒勒
Nanjing (Gaochun) 來, 拉, 垃, 得, 擱
Huzhou 拉
Deqing 垃, 垃好, 來該, 來東, 拉好, 有好
Deqing (Geting) 拉
Hangzhou 勒, 勒哈, 來搭, 來東, 在
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 來, 來埭, 來同
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 勒, 勒裡, 勒帶, 勒底
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
Tonglu 來, 來裡, 來夯
Shaoxing 來帶, 來埭, 來東, 來同, 來夯, 帶, 埭, 東, 同, 夯
Shaoxing (Keqiao) 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
Zhuji 來克, 來客, 勒克, 勒客, 克, 客
Shengzhou 來, 來帶, 來東, 來夯
Xinchang 來固, 來蒙, 來頭
Ningbo 來, 來勒, 來的, 來對, 來東, 來當, 來該
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 來
Ningbo (Beilun) 來, 來該, 來的, 來對, 來當
Ningbo (Yinzhou) 立該, 來, 來的, 來該
Yuyao 來, 得, 來浪
Ninghai 來的
Zhoushan (Dinghai) 勒
Wenzhou 是
Xiang Changsha 在
Loudi 在
Shuangfeng 在
Close
Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]
  • (during):
More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正在, 刻正
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 正在, 在
Taiwan 正在, 在
Malaysia 正在, 在
Singapore 正在, 在
Southwestern Mandarin Guilin 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
Hong Kong 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
Singapore (Guangfu) 喺度
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 在該, 當在
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 當, 在該
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 在該
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 在該
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 在該
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 正在, 在遐
Eastern Min Fuzhou 著𡅏, 𡅏
Fuqing 著𡅏
Singapore (Fuqing) 著𡅏
Southern Min Xiamen 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
Quanzhou 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
Zhangzhou 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時
Tainan 佇咧, 咧, 當咧
Penang (Hokkien) 佇
Singapore (Hokkien) 佇, 佇咧
Manila (Hokkien) 佇咧, 咧
Shantou 在
Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
Singapore (Teochew) 在
Wu Shanghai 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該
Ningbo 來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒
Wenzhou 是, 是搭
Close
Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]
  • (steady):

在穩／在稳 (chāi-ún), 穩定／稳定 (wěndìng)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (在):
  • → Vietnamese: tại (在)

→ English: zai (“skilled”)

Etymology 2

More information simp. and trad. ...
simp. and trad.
 在
Close

Pronunciation

Definitions

在

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 佇 (“at, in”)

References

Japanese

Korean

Old Korean

Vietnamese

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