麥
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 麦
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Translingual
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Han character
麥 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十人弓戈 (JONI), four-corner 40207, composition ⿱來夊)
- Kangxi radical #199, ⿆.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1512, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47717
- Dae Jaweon: page 2041, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4600, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9EA5
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 麥 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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 |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mrɯːɡ): phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic 夊 (“footprint pointing down; to walk slowly”); according to Xu Shen, its meaning is "wheat". 來 was the original character for “wheat”.
Several possible interpretations for the glyph:
- This character is a differentiation from 來, which originally meant "wheat". It was then phonetically borrowed since the oracle bones to mean "to come". During the Warring States period, 麥 is attested and perhaps was coined specifically to mean "come". Eventually, since 來 lost its original meaning, this meaning shifted to 麥.
- 夊 represents the ancient concept reported by Shuowen Jiezi that wheat came from the heavens (i.e., the Fertile Crescent).
- 夊 represents growth of the wheat plant.
Etymology 1
Etymologically unrelated to 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (“buckwheat”) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, “buckwheat”); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (“buckwheat”). STEDT compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (“buckwheat”) (provisional).
Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares this to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (“barley”), Middle Korean 밇 (milh, “wheat”), Old Japanese 麦 (mugi1, “wheat; barley”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mah6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): mà
- Eastern Min (BUC): măk / mĕk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ba2 / beh7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8maq
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): me6
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): me6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mài
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mài
- Wade–Giles: mai4
- Yale: mài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
- Palladius: май (maj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mò
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mò
- Wade–Giles: mo4
- Yale: mwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
- Palladius: мо (mo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: me2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: me
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mak6 / maak6
- Yale: mahk / maahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mak9 / maak9
- Guangdong Romanization: meg6 / mag6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐk̚²/, /maːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: maak6 - variant.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbak̚³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mah6
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: mag
- Hagfa Pinyim: mag6
- Sinological IPA: /mak̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: magˋ
- Sinological IPA: /mak²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /miəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mà
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: măk / mĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/, /mɛiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- măk - vernacular;
- mĕk - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ba2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ba̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /pa¹³/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: beh7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: be̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɛʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: beh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɛʔ²⁴/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- ba2 - vernacular;
- beh7 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍eh
- Tâi-lô: be̍eh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍k
- Tâi-lô: bi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: bek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍k
- Tâi-lô: bia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: biak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biak̚²⁴/
- be̍h/be̍eh - vernacular (including surname);
- be̍k/bia̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhêh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: be̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /beʔ⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: me6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɤ̞²⁴/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: me6
- Sinological IPA (key): /me²²/
- (Changsha)
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: meak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-rˤək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯːɡ/
Definitions
麥
- general term for wheat, barley, oats, ryes, etc.
- (specifically) wheat
- (Hainanese) corn; maize
- a surname
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 傳聲器, 微音器, 擴音器, 話筒, 麥克風 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 麥克風, 話筒, 麥 |
| Singapore | 麥克風 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪, 話筒 |
| Hong Kong | 咪, 咪高峰 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 咪, 麥克風, 話筒 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麥克 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 麥克 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 麥克 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 麥克, 放送頭 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 麥克 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 麥克 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 麥克風, 話筒 |
| New Taipei (Pingxi) | 麥克 | |
| Tainan (Anping) | 麥克 | |
| Shantou | 麥克風, 話筒 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 麥克風, 話筒 |
| Wenzhou | 話筒, 麥 | |
Compounds
- 不辨菽麥 / 不辨菽麦 (bùbiànshūmài)
- 元麥 / 元麦
- 兔絲燕麥 / 兔丝燕麦
- 冬小麥 / 冬小麦 (dōngxiǎomài)
- 冬麥 / 冬麦 (dōngmài)
- 堯夫助麥 / 尧夫助麦
- 大麥 / 大麦 (dàmài)
- 大麥籽 / 大麦籽
- 宿麥 / 宿麦
- 小麥 / 小麦 (xiǎomài)
- 打麥 / 打麦
- 打麥場 / 打麦场
- 拉愛麥 / 拉爱麦
- 挽麥子 / 挽麦子
- 春大麥 / 春大麦
- 春小麥 / 春小麦
- 春麥 / 春麦
- 毒麥 / 毒麦 (dúmài)
- 烏麥 / 乌麦
- 燕麥 / 燕麦 (yànmài)
- 燕麥片 / 燕麦片 (yànmàipiàn)
- 玉麥 / 玉麦 (Yùmài)
- 瑞麥 / 瑞麦
- 番麥粒 / 番麦粒
- 看麥娘 / 看麦娘
- 破麥破梨 / 破麦破梨
- 稞麥 / 稞麦
- 種麥得麥 / 种麦得麦
- 菽麥 / 菽麦
- 菽麥不辨 / 菽麦不辨
- 蕎麥 / 荞麦 (qiáomài)
- 蕎麥皮 / 荞麦皮
- 蕎麥麵 / 荞麦面 (qiáomàimiàn)
- 裸麥 / 裸麦 (luǒmài)
- 雀麥 / 雀麦
- 高鳳流麥 / 高凤流麦
- 麥丘老人 / 麦丘老人
- 麥仔 / 麦仔
- 麥信風 / 麦信风
- 麥候 / 麦候
- 麥個子 / 麦个子
- 麥冬 / 麦冬 (màidōng)
- 麥口期 / 麦口期
- 麥子 / 麦子 (màizi)
- 麥寮 / 麦寮 (Màiliáo)
- 麥嶺 / 麦岭 (màilǐng)
- 麥末 / 麦末
- 麥浪 / 麦浪
- 麥燒 / 麦烧
- 麥片 / 麦片 (màipiàn)
- 麥生 / 麦生
- 麥生糖 / 麦生糖
- 麥田 / 麦田 (màitián)
- 麥畦 / 麦畦
- 麥皮 / 麦皮
- 麥碴兒 / 麦碴儿
- 麥秀 / 麦秀
- 麥秀兩歧 / 麦秀两歧
- 麥秀歌 / 麦秀歌
- 麥秋 / 麦秋 (màiqiū)
- 麥積山 / 麦积山
- 麥穗 / 麦穗 (màisuì)
- 麥穗兩歧 / 麦穗两歧
- 麥管 / 麦管
- 麥粉 / 麦粉 (màifěn)
- 麥粒腫 / 麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)
- 麥精 / 麦精
- 麥糠 / 麦糠 (màikāng)
- 麥舟 / 麦舟
- 麥芒 / 麦芒 (màimáng)
- 麥芽 / 麦芽 (màiyá)
- 麥芽糖 / 麦芽糖 (màiyátáng)
- 麥苗 / 麦苗 (màimiáo)
- 麥茬 / 麦茬
- 麥蚜 / 麦蚜
- 麥蚻 / 麦蚻
- 麥角 / 麦角 (màijiǎo)
- 麥酒 / 麦酒 (màijiǔ)
- 麥隴 / 麦陇 (màilǒng)
- 麥飯 / 麦饭
- 麥麩 / 麦麸 (màifū)
- 黍離麥秀 / 黍离麦秀
- 黑麥 / 黑麦 (hēimài)
Descendants
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mài
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mài
- Wade–Giles: mai4
- Yale: mài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
- Palladius: май (maj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
麥
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 傳聲器, 微音器, 擴音器, 話筒, 麥克風 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 麥克風, 話筒, 麥 |
| Singapore | 麥克風 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪, 話筒 |
| Hong Kong | 咪, 咪高峰 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 咪, 麥克風, 話筒 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麥克 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 麥克 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 麥克 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 麥克, 放送頭 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 麥克 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 麥克 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 麥克風, 話筒 |
| New Taipei (Pingxi) | 麥克 | |
| Tainan (Anping) | 麥克 | |
| Shantou | 麥克風, 話筒 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 麥克風, 話筒 |
| Wenzhou | 話筒, 麥 | |
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mài
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mài
- Wade–Giles: mai4
- Yale: mài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
- Palladius: май (maj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
麥
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mài
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mài
- Wade–Giles: mai4
- Yale: mài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
- Palladius: май (maj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mak6
- Yale: mahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mak9
- Guangdong Romanization: meg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
麥
Compounds
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mak6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): măk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8maq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mài
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mài
- Wade–Giles: mai4
- Yale: mài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
- Palladius: май (maj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mak6
- Yale: mahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mak9
- Guangdong Romanization: meg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: mag
- Hagfa Pinyim: mag6
- Sinological IPA: /mak̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: măk
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍h
- Tâi-lô: be̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: beh
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /beʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍k
- Tâi-lô: bi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: bek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍k
- Tâi-lô: bia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: biak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- be̍h - vernacular;
- be̍k/bia̍k - literary.
Definitions
麥
- Used in transcription.
Compounds
- 丹麥 / 丹麦 (Dānmài)
- 丹麥人 / 丹麦人 (dānmàirén)
- 丹麥學派 / 丹麦学派
- 丹麥王國 / 丹麦王国 (Dānmài Wángguó)
- 丹麥語 / 丹麦语 (Dānmàiyǔ)
- 喀麥隆 / 喀麦隆 (Kāmàilóng)
- 開麥拉 / 开麦拉 (kāimàilā)
- 麥克 / 麦克 (Màikè)
- 麥克斯韋 / 麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi)
- 麥克風 / 麦克风 (màikèfēng)
- 麥加 / 麦加 (Màijiā)
- 麥咸 (Màixián)
- 麥地那 / 麦地那 (Màidìnà)
- 麥城 / 麦城
- 麥淇淋 / 麦淇淋 (màiqílín)
- 麥爾登呢 / 麦尔登呢
- 麥納麥 / 麦纳麦 (Màinàmài)
- 麥蓋提 / 麦盖提 (Màigàití)
- 麥西 / 麦西
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
Definitions
麥
References
- (Min Nan) “麥”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
Japanese
| 麦 | |
| 麥 |
Kanji
麥
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麦)
Readings
Korean
Hanja
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
Compounds
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