-ek
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ek"
Basque
Etymology 1
Suffix
-ek
- Ergative plural suffix.
- Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte. ― The dogs have eaten the cats.
Declension
| indefinite | singular | plural | proximal plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | -∅ | -a | -ak | -ok | |
| ergative | -(e)k | -ak | -ek | ||
| dative | -(r)i | -ari | -ei | -oi | |
| genitive | -(r)en | -aren | -en | -on | |
| comitative | -(r)ekin | -arekin | -ekin | -okin | |
| causative | -(r)engatik | -arengatik | -engatik | -ongatik | |
| benefactive | -(r)entzat | -arentzat | -entzat | -ontzat | |
| instrumental | -(e)z | -az | -ez | -oz | |
| inessive | anim | -(r)engan | -arengan | -engan | -ongan |
| inan | -(e)tan | -an | -etan | -otan | |
| locative | anim | ― |
― |
― |
― |
| inan | -(e)tako | -(e)ko | -etako | -otako | |
| allative | anim | -(r)engana | -arengana | -engana | -ongana |
| inan | -(e)tara | -(e)ra | -etara | -otara | |
| terminative | anim | -(r)enganaino | -arenganaino | -enganaino | -onganaino |
| inan | -(e)taraino | -(e)raino | -etaraino | -otaraino | |
| directive | anim | -(r)enganantz | -arenganantz | -enganantz | -onganantz |
| inan | -(e)tarantz | -(e)rantz | -etarantz | -otarantz | |
| destinative | anim | -(r)enganako | -arenganako | -enganako | -onganako |
| inan | -(e)tarako | -(e)rako | -etarako | -otarako | |
| ablative | anim | -(r)engandik | -arengandik | -engandik | -ongandik |
| inan | -(e)tatik | -(e)tik | -etik | -otik | |
| partitive | -(r)ik | ― |
― |
― | |
| prolative | -tzat | ― |
― |
― | |
Etymology 2
From -e- (epenthetic vowel) + -k (ergative suffix).
Suffix
-ek
- Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)
Declension
| indefinite | singular | plural | proximal plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | -∅ | -a | -ak | -ok | |
| ergative | -(e)k | -ak | -ek | ||
| dative | -(r)i | -ari | -ei | -oi | |
| genitive | -(r)en | -aren | -en | -on | |
| comitative | -(r)ekin | -arekin | -ekin | -okin | |
| causative | -(r)engatik | -arengatik | -engatik | -ongatik | |
| benefactive | -(r)entzat | -arentzat | -entzat | -ontzat | |
| instrumental | -(e)z | -az | -ez | -oz | |
| inessive | anim | -(r)engan | -arengan | -engan | -ongan |
| inan | -(e)tan | -an | -etan | -otan | |
| locative | anim | ― |
― |
― |
― |
| inan | -(e)tako | -(e)ko | -etako | -otako | |
| allative | anim | -(r)engana | -arengana | -engana | -ongana |
| inan | -(e)tara | -(e)ra | -etara | -otara | |
| terminative | anim | -(r)enganaino | -arenganaino | -enganaino | -onganaino |
| inan | -(e)taraino | -(e)raino | -etaraino | -otaraino | |
| directive | anim | -(r)enganantz | -arenganantz | -enganantz | -onganantz |
| inan | -(e)tarantz | -(e)rantz | -etarantz | -otarantz | |
| destinative | anim | -(r)enganako | -arenganako | -enganako | -onganako |
| inan | -(e)tarako | -(e)rako | -etarako | -otarako | |
| ablative | anim | -(r)engandik | -arengandik | -engandik | -ongandik |
| inan | -(e)tatik | -(e)tik | -etik | -otik | |
| partitive | -(r)ik | ― |
― |
― | |
| prolative | -tzat | ― |
― |
― | |
Breton
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ek
- Adjectival suffix
Derived terms
Related terms
Cornish
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.
Pronunciation
- (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [-ɛk]
- (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): [-ɐk]
Suffix
-ek
- Adjectival suffix
- Adjectival suffix denoting abundance
- Adjectival suffix denoting prominence; "having big X"
Suffix
-ek m (plural -ogyon or -oges)
Suffix
-ek f (plural -egi)
Suffix
-ek
Derived terms
References
- 2020, An Gerlyver Meur, ed. Dr Ken George (3rd edition, p.184)
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Suffix
-ek m inan or m anim (noun-forming suffix)
- forms masculine diminutive nouns
Declension
inanimate:
Declension of -ek (velar masculine inanimate reducible)
animate:
Declension of -ek (velar masculine animate reducible)
Derived terms
Further reading
- -ek in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From -e- (linking vowel) + -k (plural suffix).
Suffix
-ek
Usage notes
- (plural suffix) Variants:
- -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
- The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
- If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).
Etymology 2
From -e- (linking vowel) + -k (personal suffix).
Suffix
-ek
- (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
| after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
| -ik verbs | -ik | |||
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
See also
Mokilese
Suffix
-ek
- Used to form intransitive verbs
Usage notes
This suffix sometimes becomes -iek after a vowel.
Derived terms
Northern Kurdish
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک)
Northern Ohlone
Alternative forms
- -k (before vowels)
Etymology
Cognate with Southern Ohlone kan-.
Pronoun
-ek
- I (first-person, singular, subject enclitic pronoun)
See also
| person | subject | object | possessive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| disjunctive1 | proclitic |
enclitic | disjunctive1 | proclitic | enclitic | |||
| singular | first | kaana | ek- | -ek, -k | kiš, kaaniš | kiš- | -kiš | ek-, kaanak |
| second | meene | em-, im- | -em, -im, -m | miš | emiš-, imiš-, miš- | -miš | em-, meenem | |
| third | waaka | Ø-2 | -Ø2 | wiš | Ø-2, eš- | -Ø2, -eš | i-, waakai- | |
| plural | first | makkin | mak- | -mak | makkiš, makkinše | — | — | mak-, makkinmak |
| second | makkam | kam- | -kam | makkamše | — | — | kam-, makkam | |
| third | waakamak | ya- | -ya | yaṭiš | — | — | ya-, waakamak | |
1 Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek).
2 Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used.
Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine and undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle + -eš + -ek
References
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ek m
- masculine diminutive noun suffix
Declension
Masculine personal:
Declension of -ek
Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.
Masculine animate:
Declension of -ek
Masculine inanimate:
Declension of -ek
Derived terms
See also
- -ś (forming nicknames)
Further reading
- -ek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
Suffix
-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
See also
Suffix
-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.
Turkish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ek
- Creates nouns out of verbs.
Derived terms
Yup'ik
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