af

Symbol

af

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Afrikaans.

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

1. (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of after.

Anagrams

• F/A, FA, fa

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔaf, from Proto-Afroasiatic [Term?]. Cognates include Oromo afaan, Somali af and Saho af, furthermore Amharic አፍ (ʾäf) and Arabic فَم (fam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaf/ [ˈʔʌf]

Noun

áf m (plural afitté f or afoofá f or afoofí f)

1. mouth
2. cutting edge
3. language

References

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “af”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Etymology

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab. Related to English of, off and German ab.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [a], (in the end of a phrase) [ˈæːˀ]

Preposition

af

1. by

   the active part, originator: En roman af Hemingway - A novel by Hemingway

2. of

   indicating connection: Ejeren af huset - The owner of the house

   in descriptions: En mand af format - A man of stature; Et hus lavet af træ - A house made of wood

   part of: ni ud af ti - nine out of ten

3. from

   of origin: Jeg hørte det af ham - I heard it from him

4. off

   away from: Jeg faldt af cyklen - I fell off the bike

5. with

   caused by: grøn af misundelse - green with envy

6. out of

   motivated by: Han gjorde det af nysgerrighed - He did it out of curiosity

Adverb

af

1. off

   tage sit tøj af - take off one's clothes

2. of

   på grund af - because of

Etymology

From Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: af
• Rhymes: -ɑf

Adverb

af

1. off
2. (postpositional) off, from (implying motion)

   Stomdronken reed de automobilist de weg af.

   Totally drunk, the motorist drove off the road.

Adjective

af (used only predicatively, comparative meer af, superlative meest af)

1. finished, done (when working on something)

   Het huis is af.

   The house is ready.

2. (games) out, dismissed from play under the rules of the game, e.g. by having been tagged

Romanization

af

1. Romanization of 𐌰𐍆

Etymology

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːv/
• Rhymes: -aːv

Preposition

af

1. off, from [with dative]
2. of [with dative]
3. by [with dative]

Etymology

From Dutch af (“off”), from Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaf]
• Hyphenation: af

Noun

af (plural af-af)

1. (medicine, surgery) off; removal

Further reading

• “af” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːf/
• Rhymes: -aːf

Verb

af

1. imperative singular of jaf

Preposition

af (Raguileo spelling)

1. beside; next to.

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Etymology

From Old Dutch af, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Adverb

af

1. off, out, away
2. of, about

Further reading

• “ave (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “af”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːv/

Verb

af

1. first-person singular present indicative of mynet

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ab, whence also Old English æf, af, of (English of), Old Saxon ab, af, Old High German aba, abo (German ab), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af). Compare also au- in Icelandic auvirði.

Preposition

af

1. of, from, off, by

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “af”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ab.

Preposition

af

1. of
2. out

Noun

af f (plural aues)

1. Apocopic form of aue (“bird”)
   • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 97v:

     Et q̃ deſcẽda ſobreſta piedra la uertud de om̃e q̃ tẽga en la mano dieſtra lança ⁊ en la ſinieſtra un af traſtornada.

     [Et que descenda sobre [e]sta piedra la vertud de omne que tenga en la mano diestra lanç e en la siniestra un af trastornada.]

     And may there descend over this stone the virtue of the man holding a spear in his right hand and an upturned bird in his left hand.

Interjection

af

1. (Internet slang) afe

Interjection

af

1. (onomatopoeia) arf, woof

Alternative forms

• Osmanya alphabet word: 𐒖𐒍 (Af)

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔaf-/*yaf-. Cognate with Beja [script needed] (yēf), Oromo afaan and Afar af.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

Noun

af m

1. mouth
2. language

References

• Puglielli, Annarita, Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012) “af”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga‎, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN, page 35

Preposition

af

1. Archaic spelling of av.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

af (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⴼ)

1. (transitive) to find, to discover
2. (transitive) to stumble upon
3. (intransitive, construed with ɣar) to heal, to recover

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish عفو ('afv), from Arabic عَفْو (ʕafw).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

Noun

af (definite accusative affı, plural aflar)

1. pardon

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “af”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Alternative forms

• a (colloquial)

Pronunciation

• (North Wales, standard) IPA^(key): /aːv/
  • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /aː/
• (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /aːv/
  • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /aː/
• Rhymes: -aːv

Verb

af

1. (literary) first-person singular present indicative/future of mynd

Preposition

af

1. Alternative form of ov (“of”)

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 22