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bruk

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Bruk, BRUK, and brúk

Gothic

Romanization

bruk

  1. Romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺

Javanese

Romanization

bruk

  1. Romanization of ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás; compare Persian گرده (gorde).

Noun

bruk (Arabic بروُک)

  1. (anatomy) kidney

Lithuanian

Alternative forms

  • bruki

Pronunciation

Verb

brùk

  1. second-person singular imperative of brukti

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

Cognate with Upper Sorbian bruk and Czech brouk.

Pronunciation

Noun

bruk m anim (diminutive bruck)

  1. beetle (insect)

Declension

More information Singular, Dual ...
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bruk bruka bruki
Genitive bruka brukowu brukow
Dative brukoju brukoma brukam
Accusative bruka brukowu bruki, brukow
Instrumental brukom brukoma brukami
Locative bruku brukoma brukach
Close

Derived terms

  • brucaś
  • brucyk
  • brucyś
  • brukaś

Further reading

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bruk”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bruk”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Middle Low German bruk.

Noun

bruk m or n (definite singular bruken or bruket, uncountable)

  1. use (noun)

Derived terms

Noun

bruk n (definite singular bruket, indefinite plural bruk, definite plural bruka or brukene)

  1. farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)

Derived terms

Verb

bruk

  1. imperative of bruke

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German bruk.

Noun

bruk m or n (definite singular bruken or bruket, uncountable)

  1. use (noun)
Derived terms

Noun

bruk n (definite singular bruket, indefinite plural bruk, definite plural bruka)

  1. farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

bruk

  1. imperative of bruka
  2. imperative of bruke

References

Old Polish

Etymology

Disputed. Probably ultimately derived from Germanic. First attested in 1476.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /bruk/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /bruk/

Noun

bruk m animacy unattested

  1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)
    • 1884 [1476], Ignacy Polkowski, editor, Katalog rękopisów kapitulnych katedry krakowskiej. Cz. 1, Kodexa rękopiśmienne 1-228, volume III, page 108:
      Bruk licostratus
      [Bruk licostratus]
    • 1898-2024 [1488], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 56:
      Pater edificare tenebitur... licostratum al. brug
      [Pater edificare tenebitur... licostratum al. bruk]
    • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 75r:
      Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorum brvk
      [Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorum bruk]

Descendants

References

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish bruk.

Pronunciation

 
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -uk
  • Syllabification: bruk
  • Homophones: bróg, Bróg, Brug

Noun

bruk m inan (related adjective brukowy)

  1. cobblestones (road pavement made of stones)
    • 1969, Seweryn Orzełowski, Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych, 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page 379:
      Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt, bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]
      On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt, cobblestones, dirt roads) [...]
    • 2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2023-01-11:
      Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niej bruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.
      The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.
    • 2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-09-20:
      [...] władze miasta planują usuwać bruk i sadzić rośliny [...]
      [...] the city government plans to remove the cobblestones and plant plants [...]
    • 1934 June 13, “Zamach na asfalt magistracki”, in Józef Matuszczyk, editor, ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkiem, number 161, Warszawa: Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza, archived from the original on 2023-01-11, page 4:
      W tych dniach na ul. Gęsiej przystąpiono do naprawiania bruku asfaltowego, jednakże robotę chwilowo przerwano.
      In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphalt pavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.
  2. (geology) duricrust (rocky cover of the earth's crust formed on a layer of mixed composition)
  3. (Far Masovian, Łomża) stone fence (fence of mossy, blackened stones)
  4. (Middle Polish, figuratively) revelry; brawl
    Synonyms: burda, hulanka

Declension

More information singular, plural ...
singular plural
nominative bruk bruki
genitive bruku bruków
dative brukowi brukom
accusative bruk bruki
instrumental brukiem brukami
locative bruku brukach
vocative bruku bruki
Close

Derived terms

adjectives
adverbs
  • na bruk

Further reading

  • bruk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • bruk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • bruk in PWN's encyclopedia
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bruk”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Wiesław Morawski (22.04.2013) “BRUK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bruk”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bruk”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bruk”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 212
  • Jan Karłowicz (1900) “bruk”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 122

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology

From Low German bruk (use), from the verb bruken (to use).

Pronunciation

Noun

bruk n

  1. (regular or continuous) use, usage
    Jag har inget bruk för den
    I have no use for it
    1. (in compounds) cultivation, tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)
  2. (countable, uncountable) practice (general habit of some group of people)
    seder och bruk
    customs and practices
  3. a mill, a works (industrial facility for processing raw materials, usually dealing with iron, wood, or glass – especially one with a long history)
    Han jobbar på bruket
    He works at the mill
  4. mortar (mixture of cement)
    • 1948, Ulf Peder Olrog, song title
      Mera bruk i baljan, boys
      More mortar in the trough, boys
    Synonym: murbruk

Usage notes

Idiomatic for using illegal drugs and certain public services – for example home care – in (sense 1).

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...
Close

Derived terms

See also

References

Anagrams

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English break.

Verb

bruk intrans., transitive brukim

  1. (intransitive) break

Adjective

bruk

  1. broken

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