em

Etymology 1

Attested since 1808. In typography, the em is named after the em quadrat (later called em quad), from m quadrat, a metal type used in letterpress typesetting, which is as wide as the point size of the font.

Etymology 2

Etymology 3

Coined by Christine M. Elverson by removing the "th" from them, perhaps influenced by the pre-existing em/'em, now often perceived as apheretic forms of them (though originally unrelated).

Etymology 4

Compare um.

Etymology 5

Anagrams

• -me-, /me, M&E, ME, Me, Me., me

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈem/
• Hyphenation: em

Pronoun

em

1. Alternative form of hem (“he, she”)

References

• Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 14

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mē, from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [əm]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [em]

Pronoun

em (proclitic, contracted m', enclitic me, contracted enclitic 'm)

1. me (direct or indirect object)

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Etymology 4

From Old High German umbi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛm]

Noun

em n (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.

Further reading

• “em”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “em”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Etymology 1

From Old Norse eimr, from From Proto-Germanic *aimaz. Cognates include Norwegian Nynorsk eim and Icelandic eimur.

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of europamesterskab.

Further reading

• “em” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology

Akin to Mongolian эм (em).

Noun

em

1. medicine

Etymology

From Dutch em.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛm/, [ɛm]

Noun

èm (plural em-em)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.

Further reading

• “em” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈem/, [ˈɛ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈem/, [ˈɛm]

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

Fossilised (2nd person singular) imperative of emō.

References

• "em", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "em", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• em in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to sully one's fair fame: vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere
    
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
• Hannah Rosén (1999). Latine loqui: trends and directions in the crystallization of classical Latin. München: Fink. p. 47

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛm]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

em m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter M/m.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛm/

Noun

em m inan

1. The name of the Latin-script letter m/M.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, bej, cej, čet, ćej, dej, ej, ět, ef, gej, ha, cha, i, jot, ka, eł, el, em, en, ejn, o, pej, er, ejŕ, es, eš, śej, tej, u, wej, y, zet, žet, źej

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /em/, [əm]

Pronoun

em

1. Reduced form of him

Alternative forms

• im
• -m

Pronunciation

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [ɛmʲ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jɛmʲ/
• Bender phonemes: {yem}

Conjunction

em

1. and

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English ēam (“maternal uncle”), from Proto-West Germanic *auhaim, from Proto-Germanic *awahaimaz.

Etymology 2

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛm/
• Rhymes: -ɛm

Pronoun

em (oblique me)

1. we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)

Etymology

Compare Southern Ohlone men- (“your”).

Pronoun

em

1. your (second-person, singular, possessive pronoun)

References

• María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎, Unpublished

Alternative forms

• ām, āme

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *auhaim (“maternal uncle”).

Noun

ēm m

1. an uncle, mother's brother

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *immi ("am"; a form of the verb *wesaną (“to be; dwell”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognate with English am, Gothic 𐌹𐌼 (im, “am”), Latin sum (“am”), Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Albanian jam (“I am”), Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Latvian esmu (“(I) am”), esam (“we are”).

Verb

em

1. I am, first-person of vera (meaning "to be")

Etymology

Compare German dem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛm/

Article

em (definite)

1. dative masculine/neuter singular of der: the

Pronoun

em

1. dative of er: him, to him
2. dative of es: it, to it

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Doublet of in.

Pronunciation

Preposition

em

2. in; inside; within (contained by)

   Estou em minha casa.

   I’m in my house.

   Encontraram umas moedas no baú.

   They found some coins inside the chest.

4. on; on top of (located just above the surface of)

   O livro está na mesa.

   The book is on the table.

   • 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 417:

     Então o sorriso reapareceu em seu rosto [...]

     Then the smile reappeared on his face [...]

6. in; at (located in a location)

   Os soldados estão na Crimeia.

   The soldiers are in Crimea.

8. in (part of; a member of)

   Só três jogadores ainda estão nesta equipa/e.

   Only three players are still in this team.

10. in; into; inside (towards the inside of)

    A água entrou em várias casas.

    The water got into various houses.

12. indicates the target of an action

    Quero dar um soco na tua cara.

    I want to punch you in the face.

    Mete um processo neles.

    Shove a lawsuit down their throats.

14. in (pertaining to the particular thing)

    Ela não passou em inglês.

    She didn’t pass in English.

16. in (immediately after a period of time)

    Entraremos em contato com você em duas semanas.

    We will get in contact with you in two weeks.

18. in; during (within a period of time)

    O jornal será publicado no dia cinco.

    The newspaper will be published on the fifth.

20. at; in (in a state of)

    Estamos em perigo!

    We’re in danger!

22. in (indicates means, medium, format, genre or instrumentality)

    Fomos pagos em moeda estrangeira.

    We were paid in foreign currency.

24. in (indicates a language, script, tone etc. of writing, speaking etc.)

    Li um livro em holandês.

    I read a book in Dutch.

26. in (wearing)

    A moça em preto.

    The lady in black.

28. (slang) indicates that the object deserves a given punishment

    Cadeia nele!

    He should be in jail!

    (literally, “jail on him!”)

29. (formal, literary) used in a gerundial or participial clause to emphasize its conditional or temporal meaning

    Em se tratando de você, já nada me surpreende.

    When it comes to you, nothing surprises me anymore.

    • 2012 November 23, Paulinho, “Atacante Hugo, do Sport, pode ser denunciado por sonegação de impostos na Receita Federal [Sport striker Hugo might be indicted for tax evasion by Brazil's revenue service]”, in Blog do Paulinho [Paulie's Blog]:

      Grande esperança do Sport Recife para evitar o rebaixamento no Brasileirão nas próximas rodadas, o atacante Hugo deve ser denunciado, nos próximos dias, por um dos agentes que realizou sua transação aos Emirados Árabes, pelo crime de Sonegação Fiscal.
      Em comprovada a dívida, terá que arcar com todos os impostos não pegos no período da transação, além de pesada multa.

      Sport Recife's great hope of avoiding relegation in the Brasileirão [Brazil's main soccer league] in the next few rounds, striker Hugo is expected to be indicted, in the next few days, by one of the agents who carried out his deal with the UAE, for the crime of tax evasion.
      If the debt is proven, he'll have to pay all the taxes not paid during the transaction, as well as a hefty fine.

Etymology

Cognate with Turkmen, Turkish em, Kyrgyz, Tuvan, Southern Altai эм (em), Kazakh ем (em), etc.

Noun

em

1. medicine

   Antonym: ağu

References

• Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “em”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 324
• 张, 进锋 (Ayso Cañ Cinfen) (2008) 乌璐别格 (Ulubeğ), 鄭初陽 (Çuyañ Yebey oğlı Ceñ), editors, Salar İbret Sözler 撒拉尔谚语 [Salar Proverbs]‎, China Salar Youth League, page 2

Verb

em

1. (Southern Scots) emphatic first-person singular simple present of ti be

See also

• er
• es
• im

Alternative forms

• hem

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هم (hem), from Persian هم (ham).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /em/

Conjunction

em … em … (Cyrillic spelling ем … ем …)

1. not only … but also

   Em me bio em još da mu kažem hvala. ― Not only did he beat me up but he also wanted me to tell him thanks.

Alternative forms

• em.
• e.m.
• e. m.

Noun

em

1. pm (indicating hours in the afternoon); abbreviation of eftermiddagen.

Etymology

From English em, the English name of the letter M/m.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔem/ [ʔɛm]
• Rhymes: -em
• Syllabification: em

Noun

em (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔)

1. the name of the Latin-script letter M/m, in the Filipino alphabet

   Synonyms: (in the Abakada alphabet) ma, (in the Abecedario) eme

Further reading

• “em”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Etymology

From English him.

Pronoun

em

1. The third person singular pronoun refers to a person or thing other than the speaker or the person being spoken to. Pronouns in Tok Pisin are not inflected for different cases.
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:

     God i mekim kamap tupela bikpela lait. Bikpela em san bilong givim lait long de, na liklik em mun bilong givim lait long nait. Na God i mekim kamap ol sta tu.

     →New International Version translation

Etymology

From English him.

Pronoun

em

1. he/she/it (third-person singular pronoun)

Verb

em

1. first-person plural present of ei

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(sʔ)iəm; cognate with Pacoh a-em (“younger sibling”).

According to Phan Kế Bính's Việt Nam phong tục (1915), apparently the practice of calling each other anh-em for those in relationship originated from the South Central province of Quảng Nam:

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˧˧]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

  (file)

Noun

(classifier đứa, thằng, con) em • (㛪, 俺, 腌)

1. a younger sibling

   thằng em của em ― my younger brother

2. a cousin who is descended from an ancestor who is/was a younger sibling to oneself's or one's spouse's (such as a child of a younger sibling of one of one's parents or a grandchild of a younger sibling of one of one's grandparents)

   Synonym: em họ

   - Sao anh lại gọi chú ấy là thầy ? Chú ấy là em của em. Chú ấy cũng là em của anh.
   - Anh thấy mình nên tôn trọng cái có trước. Thầy ấy là thầy của anh từ trước khi anh lấy em.

   - Why did you call him "teacher"? He's my "younger sibling", meaning he's yours, too.
   - I felt like I should respect what comes first. He was my teacher long before we're married.

3. a person younger than oneself but of the same generation
4. (formal) a child or a student
   • 2021, Tâm An, “Cận cảnh các em học sinh tiểu học ăn ngủ, sinh hoạt trong khu cách ly tại trường”, in Tuổi trẻ online‎:

     Cận cảnh các em học sinh tiểu học ăn ngủ, sinh hoạt trong khu cách ly tại trường

     Close-up of primary students living in school quarantine

Pronoun

em • (㛪, 俺, 腌)

1. pronoun used to refer to any person (oneself, the addressee, or any third person) described by the noun em above

   Synonyms: (second person): thằng em, (third person): em ấy, ẻm

   thằng em của em ― my younger brother

   1. (familiar) pronoun used to refer to younger person of the same generation
   2. pronoun used to refer to younger siblings or cousins descended from an ancestor who is/was a younger sibling to one's own or one's spouse's
   3. (formal) pronoun used to refer to a child or a student

      Synonym: con

      Viết một đoạn văn ngắn miêu tả một thứ bố em làm cho em.

      Write a short essay describing something your father made for you.

2. pronoun used to refer to the girl or woman in a romantic relationship

   Antonyms: anh, eng, tôi, tui

   Anh yêu em. / Em cũng yêu anh.

   I love you. / I love you too.

   • (Can we date this quote?), Alexander Pushkin, translated by Hoàng Thúy Toàn, Tôi yêu em [I Loved You], translation of Я вас любил:

     Tôi yêu em âm thầm, không hi vọng, / Lúc rụt rè, khi hậm hực lòng ghen, / Tôi yêu em, yêu chân thành, đằm thắm, / Cầu em được người tình như tôi đã yêu em.

     I loved you, without words, without hope, / Sometimes I felt shy, sometimes I felt tortured with jealousy, / I loved you, truly and deeply, / I pray you will find someone who loves you as much as I ever did.

Adjective

em • (㛪, 俺, 腌)

1. small; smaller

See also

• anh
• chị

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛm/

Noun

em f (plural emiau)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.

Mutation

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol / u gwpan, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd

Pronoun

em

1. Alternative form of ham
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

     Ich knouth em.

     I know him.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 51