i-

Etymology 1

From Middle English i-, y-, ȝe-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱó-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, near, by, along”). Cognate with Dutch ge-, Low German ge-, je-, e-, German ge-.

Etymology 2

From Latin ī-, assimilated form of in- used before g-.

Etymology 3

Etymology 4

From Internet. Popularized in the name of the iMac line of computers (1998).

Pronunciation

• (first-person, we): IPA^(key): /iː/

Prefix

ī- (before vowels il-, class I first-person plural)

1. the subject of an active transitive verb

   we

2. the subject of an active intransitive verb

   we

Prefix

i-

1. second person plural agent marker

References

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Etymology

The i vowel common to other correlatives, such as ki- and ti-, without the defining consonant.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Prefix

i-

1. Any-, some-. (Indeterminate correlative prefix.)

Etymology

Assimilated form of in-, before s- + consonant.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/
• Hyphenation: i-

Prefix

i-

1. Alternative form of in-

Romanization

i-

1. Rōmaji transcription of い

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Prefix

i-

1. (Kamnyu) our (plural possessive)

Pronoun

i-

1. Alternative form of mi-

Prefix

i-

1. marker for a noun relating to instruments and tools

Etymology

Assimilated form of in-, before gn-.

Prefix

i-

1. Alternative form of in-

Prefix

i-

1. prefix element of i- -ana

Etymology

From Old English ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-.

Prefix

i-

1. Alternative form of y-

Prefix

i-

1. translocative, indicating motion away from the speaker
2. epenthetic vowel added to certain verb forms
3. Alternative form of ka- (before o- and on-stems)

References

• Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 11
• Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 105, 173

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

Etymology 2

Contracted from earlier ili-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

Etymology 4

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

Etymology 2

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-n-.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

Etymology 4

Prefix

i-

1. Allomorph of in-, used before ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, and ⟨n⟩.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

Prefix

i-

1. Alternative form of in-, used before l.

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́- and Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

Prefix

i-

1. it, they; mi class_(IV)/n class_(IX) subject concord
   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎, translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 12:

     هُيُوِ دُنِيَ اِيْنَ غُرُرِ ، دِيَ زَتَتَسِ هُزَدَمَيِْ،

     Huyui dunia ina ghururi? ndia za-tatasi huzandamaye?

     This world is deceitful, why follow its ways?

   • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

     Ilikuwa kiasi cha saa moja-unusu ya usiku […]

     It was about half past seven in the night […]

2. verb-initial form of -i- (“it, them; mi class_(IV)/n class_(IX) object concord”)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔi/ [ʔɪ]
• Syllabification: i-

Prefix

i- (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. benefactive trigger: to perform the action of the verb for someone or something (expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎bili (“buy”) → ‎ibili (“to buy something for someone”)

   Ibili mo ako ng saging.

   Buy me bananas.

2. object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing (expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎tapon (“throw”) → ‎itapon (“to throw”)

   Itapon mo iyan sa basurahan.

   Throw that to the garbage.

3. instrumental trigger: to use something for a certain purpose (expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎sulat (“write”) → ‎isulat (“to use something for writing”)

   Isulat mo ng listahan ang lapis.

   Use the pencil to write a list.

Further reading

• https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_1.html
• https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_2.html

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔi/

Prefix

i-

1. (transitive) First person plural subject + third person singular object.
2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
3. (transitive) Third person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
4. (transitive) Third person plural subject + third person singular object.
5. (formative) Third person plural subject.

Pronoun

i- (Jawi إ-)

1. (non-human) third-person singular clitic, it
2. (human) third-person plural clitic, they
3. (masculine) third-person singular possessive prefix, his

   Synonym: ai-

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Compare Tocharian B i-.

Verb

i-

1. to go

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, whence also Tocharian A i-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Cognate with Latin eō and Polish iść, both of the same meaning. The preterite form of this term, mäs-, is from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”), and as such the term is suppletive in conjugation.

Verb

i-

1. to go

Further reading

• Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “i-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 65-66

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Pronoun

i-

1. third-person singular clitic, he, she, it

   ico ― he sees

   pala ne ilamo ― this house is large

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

Etymology 2

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i-]

Prefix

i-

1. (Caura River dialect) allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants
2. (Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of dh- (third-person prefix) used for non-deictic stems that begin with a consonant
3. forms part of the circumfix allomorphs of various adverbializers, i- -jai, i- -'da, and i- -emje, used for stems that begin with two consonants

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

Etymology 2

Contracted from earlier íli-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Etymology 3

Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “i-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “i-”