obliger
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
English
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /əˈblaɪd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Noun
obliger (plural obligers)
- One who, or that which, obliges.
- a. 1639, Henry Wotton, a letter to Edmund Bacon
- it is the natural property of the same heart, to be a gentle Interpreter, which is so noble an Obliger
- a. 1639, Henry Wotton, a letter to Edmund Bacon
References
- “obliger”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French obliger, from Old French obligier, borrowed from Latin obligāre.
Pronunciation
Verb
obliger
- (transitive) to oblige, to require, to compel, to force [with direct object ‘someone’ and à (+ infinitive) ‘to do something’]
- Synonyms: contraindre, forcer
- (passive voice) (intransitive) to have to [with de (+ infinitive) ‘do something’]
- Synonym: devoir
- Vous êtes ’obligé de payer la facture.
- You have to pay the bill.
- (Louisiana) to help, to aid
- Synonym: aider
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written oblige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
| infinitive | simple | obliger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | obligeant /ɔ.bli.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | obligé /ɔ.bli.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
obliges /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
obligeons /ɔ.bli.ʒɔ̃/ |
obligez /ɔ.bli.ʒe/ |
obligent /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
| imperfect | obligeais /ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ |
obligeais /ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ |
obligeait /ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ |
obligions /ɔ.bli.ʒjɔ̃/ |
obligiez /ɔ.bli.ʒje/ |
obligeaient /ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | obligeai /ɔ.bli.ʒe/ |
obligeas /ɔ.bli.ʒa/ |
obligea /ɔ.bli.ʒa/ |
obligeâmes /ɔ.bli.ʒam/ |
obligeâtes /ɔ.bli.ʒat/ |
obligèrent /ɔ.bli.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | obligerai /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁe/ |
obligeras /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁa/ |
obligera /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁa/ |
obligerons /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
obligerez /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁe/ |
obligeront /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | obligerais /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
obligerais /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
obligerait /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
obligerions /ɔ.bli.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
obligeriez /ɔ.bli.ʒə.ʁje/ |
obligeraient /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
obliges /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
obligions /ɔ.bli.ʒjɔ̃/ |
obligiez /ɔ.bli.ʒje/ |
obligent /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | obligeasse /ɔ.bli.ʒas/ |
obligeasses /ɔ.bli.ʒas/ |
obligeât /ɔ.bli.ʒa/ |
obligeassions /ɔ.bli.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
obligeassiez /ɔ.bli.ʒa.sje/ |
obligeassent /ɔ.bli.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
— | obligeons /ɔ.bli.ʒɔ̃/ |
obligez /ɔ.bli.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of obliger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
Derived terms
Related terms
- obligation
- obligataire / obligationnaire
- obligatoire
- obligatoirement
- désobliger
Further reading
- “obliger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Verb
obliger
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French obligier, from Latin obligāre.
Verb
obliger
- (transitive) to oblige
Conjugation
- As parler except an extra e is inserted after the final g before a and o.
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
| infinitive | simple | obliger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | obligeant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | obligé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | oblige | obliges | oblige | obligeons | obligez | obligent |
| imperfect | obligeois, obligeoys | obligeois, obligeoys | obligeoit, obligeoyt | obligions, obligyons | obligiez, obligyez | obligeoient, obligeoyent | |
| past historic | obligea | obligeas | obligea | obligeasmes | obligeastes | obligerent | |
| future | obligerai, obligeray | obligeras | obligera | obligerons | obligerez | obligeront | |
| conditional | obligerois, obligeroys | obligerois, obligeroys | obligeroit, obligeroyt | obligerions, obligeryons | obligeriez, obligeryez | obligeroient, obligeroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | oblige | obliges | oblige | obligeons | obligez | obligent |
| imperfect | obligeasse | obligeasses | obligeast | obligeassions | obligeassiez | obligeassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | oblige | — | obligeons | obligez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Conjugation of obliger
Descendants
- French: obliger
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