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de

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "de"
Languages (94)
Translingual • English
Albanian • Alemannic German • Asturian • Bambara • Basque • Bavarian • Catalan • Cebuano • Central Franconian • Cimbrian • Cornish • Dalmatian • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Fala • Faroese • French • Galician • Haitian Creole • Hungarian • Hunsrik • Ido • Indonesian • Interlingua • Irish • Italian • Jamaican Creole • Japanese • Jersey Dutch • Ladin • Ladino • Latin • Ligurian • Lombard • Louisiana Creole • Low German • Luxembourgish • Mandarin • Mauritian Creole • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Middle French • Mirandese • Mòcheno • North Frisian • Northern Kurdish • Northern Ndebele • Northern Sami • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Occitan • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Occitan • Old Spanish • Papuan Malay • Pennsylvania German • Phalura • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Romansch • Sardinian • Saterland Frisian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Seychellois Creole • Southern Ndebele • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Swedish • Tabaru • Tagalog • Tarantino • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Volapük • Welsh • West Frisian • West Makian • Wyandot • Xhosa • Ye'kwana • Yoruba • Zande • Zealandic • Zhuang • Zulu • ǃKung
Page categories

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

Clipping of German Deutsch.

Symbol

de

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for German.
    Coordinate term: deu

Etymology 2

From French de.

Symbol

de

  1. (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ).

Noun

de (plural des)

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

  • dee (Northumberland)

Verb

de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)

  1. (Northumbria) Alternative form of dee (“to do”).

References

Etymology 3

Article

de

  1. (African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.
    • 1964 [1929], William Faulkner, Sartoris (The Collected Works of William Faulkner), London: Chatto & Windus, page 22:
      “He went to’ds de back, ma’am.” The negro opened the door and slid his legs, clad in army O.D. and a pair of linoleum putties, to the ground. “‘I’ll go git ’im.”’
    • 2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-12:
      So I'll prolly say de biggest threat to Bermy is de new selfish mentality like, she ank helpin no one in de end.

Etymology 4

Interjection

de

  1. A meaningless unstressed syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.
    “Dum de dum, dum de dum”, he hummed as he sauntered down the road.

Etymology 5

Borrowed from French de (“of”).

Preposition

de

  1. (historical) Used in the titles of French nobility; of.
    • 2009 November 5, Alex von Tunzelmann, “The Affair of the Necklace: nothing to get hot under the collar over”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-10:
      Conwoman Jeanne de La Motte stole a 2,800-carat diamond necklace, The Slave's Collar, by convincing the Cardinal de Rohan that Queen Marie-Antoinette wanted it.
    • 2014, Alina García-Lapuerta, La Belle Créole: The Cuban Countess Who Captivated Havana, Madrid, and Paris, Chicago, I.L.: Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, page 236:
      When Prosper Mérimée had next seen Mercedes after Spain, in March 1846, he told the Countess de Montijo that Mercedes "looked less well preserved [and] limped a little."

References

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology

Compare Romanian di, employed with horses or oxen for the same purpose.

Interjection

de

  1. Denotes intensity, often after imperatives or some adverbs.
    Fol de! ― Speak!
    Ashtu de! ― This manner! (expressing happiness or satisfaction for the work done)
    Hë të lumtë goja, de! ― May thy mouth be blessed!
  2. Spurs a horse to move: giddyup

Further reading

  • “de”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
  • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

  • der (preconsonantic & prevocalic)
  • der (prevocalic, besides preconsonantic de)
  • d'r, dr (Bern)

Article

de

  1. (definite) the
    • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:
      [...] Fründ der Natur [...]
    • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30:
      [...]; der erst und de zweit Stock [...]
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5:
      [...] so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13:
      [...] wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34:
      [...] i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der [...]
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52:
      Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
      Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23:
      Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; [...]

Declension

Zürich:

More information Singular, Plural ...
SingularPlural
MasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominative de
der (before a vowel)		die, d', d'-'s
(at the beginning of a sentence or verse: S')		de, d'
Genitive der
Dative demder, dedemde
Accusative de
der (before a vowel)		de, d', d'-'sd', d'-
Close

Thurgau:

More information Singular, Plural ...
SingularPlural
MasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominative de (before a consonant, including h)
der (before a vowel, also before h)		die, de, d'-das, 'sdie, d'-
Genitive desderdesder
Dative demderdemde (before a consonant)
den (before a vowel)
Accusative de (before a consonant)
der (before a vowel)
den (before a vowel, less common)		die, de, d'-das, 'sd'-
Close

Asturian

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Italic *dē
    Latin dē
    Asturian de

    Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē.

    Preposition

    de

    1. of; from

    Usage notes

    • The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (“of Asturias”), d'hermanu (“of a brother”).

    Derived terms

    Bambara

    Pronunciation

    Particle

    de

    1. emphatic particle (placed directly after the word it modifies)
      A ma i wele. A ye ne de wele
      He didn't call you. It was me that called

    References

    Basque

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    de inan

    1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

    Declension

    More information indefinite, singular ...
    Declension of de (inanimate, ending in vowel)
    indefinite singular plural
    absolutive de dea deak
    ergative dek deak deek
    dative deri deari deei
    genitive deren dearen deen
    comitative derekin dearekin deekin
    causative derengatik dearengatik deengatik
    benefactive derentzat dearentzat deentzat
    instrumental dez deaz deez
    inessive detan dean deetan
    locative detako deko deetako
    allative detara dera deetara
    terminative detaraino deraino deetaraino
    directive detarantz derantz deetarantz
    destinative detarako derako deetarako
    ablative detatik detik deetatik
    partitive derik — —
    prolative detzat — —
    Close

    See also

    Bavarian

    Alternative forms

    • d' (unstressed form)

    Etymology

    Cognate with German German die.

    Article

    de

    1. stressed nominative/accusative singular feminine of der
    2. stressed nominative/accusative/dative plural of der

    See also

    More information singular, plural ...
    Bavarian articles
    singular plural
    masculine neuter feminine
    stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
    definite nominative der, da — das, es, des 's de d' de d'
    accusative en, den 'n
    dative em, dem 'm em, dem 'm der, da —
    genitive1 des des der, da der, da
    indefinite nominative a — a — a — —
    accusative an 'n
    dative am 'm am 'm a, ana 'na
    Close

    1 higher, formal register

    Pronoun

    de

    1. she, her (accusative)
    2. they, them

    Synonyms

    See also

    More information nominative, accusative ...
    Bavarian personal pronouns
    nominative accusative dative
    stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
    1st person singular i — mi — mia (mir) ma
    2nd person singular informal du — di — dia (dir) da
    formal Sie — Eahna — Eahna —
    3rd person singular m er a eahm 'n eahm 'n
    n es, des 's des 's
    f se, de 's se 's ihr —
    1st person plural mia (mir) ma uns — uns —
    2nd person plural eß, ihr — enk, eich — enk, eich —
    3rd person plural se 's eahna — eahna —
    Close

    Catalan

    Etymology 1

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    de f (plural des)

    1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

    Etymology 2

    Inherited from Latin dē.

    Pronunciation

    Preposition

    de (before vowel or h d')

    1. of; from

    Further reading

    Etymology 3

    Verb

    de

    1. inflection of dar:
      1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
      2. third-person singular imperative

    Cebuano

    Etymology

    From Spanish de.

    Preposition

    de

    1. (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)
      hopia de Cebu
      Cebu's hopia or hopia of/from Cebu
      Isabel biyuda de Cortes
      Isabel widow of Cortes

    Central Franconian

    Pronunciation

    Article

    de (definite, reduced)

    1. the
      1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
      2. (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
      3. (many dialects) plural dative
      4. (some dialects) masculine nominative
      5. (some dialects) masculine accusative
      6. (few dialects) feminine dative

    Usage notes

    • (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.
    1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always dä.
    2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.
    3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).
    • (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or dä.
    • (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
    • Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

    Declension

    More information singular, plural ...
    General definite article
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    nominative de (some dialects, also some Ripuarian dialects; reduced)
    der (some Ripuarian dialects; reduced)
    dä (Ripuarian; full)    		 de (most dialects; reduced)
    die (most dialects; full)    		 de (most dialects; reduced)
    die (most dialects; full)
    genitive
    dative de (few dialects; reduced)
    dä (Ripuarian; full)
    där (Moselle Franconian; full)    		 de (many dialects; reduced)
    dä (some Ripuarian dialects; full)
    accusative de (some dialects; reduced)
    dä (Ripuarian; full)    		 de (most dialects; reduced)
    die (most dialects; full)    		 de (most dialects; reduced)
    die (most dialects; full)
    Close
    More information singular, plural ...
    Ripuarian (scientific transcription by Münich with ę [ɛ] and ꝛ ⁠[ʁ⁠])
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    nominative dę de ət de
    genitive dęs (rare)
    dative dęm dę(ꝛ) dęm dę̄
    accusative dę de ət de
    Close
    More information singular, plural ...
    Ripuarian demonstrative pronoun
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    nominative dę̄ꝛ dē dat dē
    genitive des
    dative dęm dęꝛ dęm m or f dęǹə
    n (fan) dęǹə
    accusative dę̄ (dęǹə) dē dat dē
    Close
    More information singular, plural ...
    Ripuarian → Kölsch (as actually used)
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    nominative der, de, dä die, de dat, et, -'t die, de
    genitive des der des der
    dative dem der dem den
    accusative den, dä die, de dat, et, -'t die, de
    Close

    Quotations

    • 1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, p. 34:
      Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
      Verzällt imm dä ganzen Hergang der Saach.

    Derived terms

    • em (en dem)

    References

    • Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Verlag von Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1904, p. 138f. & 163f.

    Cimbrian

    Alternative forms

    Article

    de

    1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
      1. nominative singular feminine
      2. accusative singular feminine
      3. nominative plural
        De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.
        The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.
      4. accusative plural

    See also

    More information singular, plural ...
    Cimbrian definite articles
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    nominative dar de / di 's / z de / di
    accusative in de / di 's / z de / di
    dative me dar me in
    Close

    References

    • “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

    Cornish

    Etymology 1

    From Middle Cornish de, from Old Cornish doy, glossed in Vocabularium Cornicum as heri. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés. Cognate with Latin heri, Welsh doe, French hier, Sanskrit ह्यस् (hyas), etc.

    Adverb

    de (triggers soft mutation)

    1. yesterday
    Antonyms
    Derived terms

    Mutation

    More information unmutated, soft ...
    Mutation of de
    unmutatedsoftaspiratehardmixedmixed after 'th
    de dhe unchanged te te te
    Close

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Etymology 2

    Noun

    de

    1. Soft mutation of te.

    Dalmatian

    Etymology

      Etymology tree
      Proto-Italic *dē
      Latin dē
      Dalmatian de

      Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē.

      Preposition

      de

      1. of

      Danish

      Etymology

      From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai. Usage of this word as a gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun is a semantic loan from English they.

      Pronunciation

      Article

      de pl

      1. plural definite article
        de grønne huse
        the green houses

      See also

      • den (common gender singular)
      • det (neuter gender singular)

      Pronoun

      de (as a personal pronoun, it has the forms dem in the oblique case and deres in the genitive; as a determiner, it is uninflected)

      1. (personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)
      2. (personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)
      3. (determiner) those
        De kager smager ikke godt.
        Those cakes taste not good.
        • 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90
          De huse er meget store, både som sommerhuse og som helårshuse for de gamle hvis de flytter tilbage som pensionister uden børnene.
          Those houses are very large, both as summerhouses and all-year-houses for the old people, if they move back, being retired, without their children.
        • 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN
          De borde var normalt forbeholdt VIP'erne og arrangørerne.
          Those tables were usually reserved for the VIP's and the arrangers.

      See also

      More information Number, Person ...
      Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
      common neuter plural
      Singular First– jeg mig min mit mine
      Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
      formal (uncommon) De Dem Deres
      Third masculine (person) han ham hans
      feminine (person) hun hende hendes
      common (noun) den dens
      neuter (noun) det dets
      indefinite man en ens
      reflexive – sig sin sit sine
      Plural Firstmodern vi os vores
      archaic / formal vor vort vore
      Second– I jer jeres
      Third– de dem deres
      reflexive – sig
      Close
      Danish personal pronouns

      Dutch

      Etymology

      An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /də/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Hyphenation: de
      • Rhymes: -ə

      Article

      de (neuter het, indefinite een)

      1. the; definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural
        De man ― The man (masculine singular)
        De vrouw ― The woman (feminine singular)
        Het boek ― The book (neuter singular)
        De boeken ― The books (neuter plural)
        De oude man en de zee. ― The old man and the sea.

      Usage notes

      • Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.

      Declension

      More information masculine, feminine ...
      masculine feminine neuter plural
      nominative de de het de
      genitive1 des der des der
      dative1 den der den den
      accusative1 den de het de
      1) Archaic
      Close
      Dutch definite article

      Derived terms

      Descendants

      • Afrikaans: die
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: di
      • Jersey Dutch: de
      • Skepi Creole Dutch: di, de, the

      Preposition

      de

      1. (informal, in restricted contexts, mostly with "man") per
        Ze namen drie biertjes de man. ― They took three beers per person.
        We betaalden vijftien euro de neus. ― We paid fifteen euros per person.

      See also

      Anagrams

      Esperanto

      Etymology

      From Latin dē, French de, Spanish de.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /de/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -e
      • Hyphenation: de

      Preposition

      de

      1. from
        Mi ne aĉetas ion ajn de ĉi tiu vendejo!
        I don't buy anything at all from this store!
      2. of, possessed by
        La aŭto de Davido estas nigra.
        David's car is black.
      3. done, written or composed by
        Synonyms: far, fare de
        Ĉu vi havas esperantan tradukon de Drakulo de Bram Stoker?
        Do you have an Esperanto translation of Dracula by Bram Stoker?
        La viro estis mordita de hundo.
        The man was bitten by a dog.

      Fala

      Etymology

        Etymology tree
        Old Galician-Portuguese de
        Fala de

        Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese de. Cognate with Portuguese de.

        Preposition

        de

        1. of
          • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
            Español falan millós de persoas.
            Millions of people speak Spanish.

        Usage notes

        References

        • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

        Faroese

        Noun

        de n (genitive singular des, plural de)

        1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

        Declension

        More information n4, singular ...
        n4 singular plural
        indefinite definite indefinite definite
        nominative de deið de deini
        accusative de deið de deini
        dative de, dei denum deum deunum
        genitive des desins dea deanna
        Close

        See also

        French

        Galician

        Haitian Creole

        Hungarian

        Hunsrik

        Ido

        Indonesian

        Interlingua

        Irish

        Italian

        Jamaican Creole

        Japanese

        Jersey Dutch

        Ladin

        Ladino

        Latin

        Ligurian

        Lombard

        Louisiana Creole

        Low German

        Luxembourgish

        Mandarin

        Mauritian Creole

        Middle Dutch

        Middle English

        Middle French

        Mirandese

        Mòcheno

        North Frisian

        Northern Kurdish

        Northern Ndebele

        Northern Sami

        Norwegian Bokmål

        Norwegian Nynorsk

        Nupe

        Occitan

        Old French

        Old Galician-Portuguese

        Old Irish

        Old Occitan

        Old Spanish

        Papuan Malay

        Pennsylvania German

        Phalura

        Polish

        Portuguese

        Romanian

        Romansch

        Sardinian

        Saterland Frisian

        Scottish Gaelic

        Serbo-Croatian

        Seychellois Creole

        Southern Ndebele

        Spanish

        Sranan Tongo

        Swedish

        Tabaru

        Tagalog

        Tarantino

        Tok Pisin

        Turkish

        Volapük

        Welsh

        West Frisian

        West Makian

        Wyandot

        Xhosa

        Ye'kwana

        Yoruba

        Zande

        Zealandic

        Zhuang

        Zulu

        ǃKung

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