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l'

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: ľ and Appendix:Variations of "l"

Asturian

Etymology 1

Contraction of the masculine article el.

Article

l' m

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes
  • The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h: l'asturianu (the Asturian), l'hermanu (the brother)

Etymology 2

Contraction of the feminine article la.

Article

l' f

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes
  • The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha: l'asturiana (the Asturian), l'habitación (the habitation)

Catalan

Pronunciation

Article

l' m or f

  1. Contraction of el: the
  2. Contraction of la: the

Usage notes

  • el is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-.
    l'avi ― the grandfather
  • la is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-, except before a following unstressed (h)i- or (h)u-.
    l'àvia ― the grandmother
    l'hora ― the hour
    l'única filla (stressed ⟨u⟩) ― the only daughter
    la ullada (unstressed ⟨u⟩) ― the glance

Pronoun

l'

  1. Contraction of el.
  2. Contraction of la.

Usage notes

  • l' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel. The exceptions regarding the contraction of la mentioned above apply as well.
    L'envejo. ― I envy him/her.
    La interessa. (unstressed ⟨i⟩) ― It interests her.

Declension

More information strong/subject, weak (direct object) ...
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
singular 1st
person		 standard jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd
person		 standard tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd
person		 m ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
f ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
n ho -ho li -li seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd
person		 standard vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd
person		 m ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
f elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
Close

1 Behaves grammatically as plural.   2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition.   4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Corsican

Article

l'

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: the
  2. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: the
  3. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: the
  4. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: the

Pronoun

l'

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: him
  2. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: her
  3. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: them
  4. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: them

See also

More information nominative, dative ...
Corsican personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
f ella a, l' ella
plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
f elle e, l' elle
Close

References

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Article

l' (definite)

  1. (poetic) Apocopic form of la: the

Usage notes

It is used mainly in poetry and lyrics as a tool for enforcing a specific meter or rhythm, although it may at times be used in prose for a poetic stylistic effect.

A space is used after l' (e.g. "de l' mondo", not "de l'mondo"). It is most common after prepositions ending in a vowel, de l' (“of the”) being most common by far.

When possible it is pronounced at the end of the proceeding syllable rather than at the start of the following syllable (e.g. de l' animo (“of the soul”) is pronounced /del aˈni.mo/ rather than /de laˈni.mo/).

Frequent or consistent use of l' can be found as a feature of the ideolects of some people, but this is considered non-standard, and is discouraged by the majority of fluent speakers.

Derived terms

Franco-Provençal

Determiner

l' m or f

  1. Prevocalic clipping of la
  2. Prevocalic clipping of lo

Pronoun

l' m or f

  1. Prevocalic clipping of la
  2. Prevocalic clipping of lo

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /l‿/
    • Audio:(file)

Article

l’ m or f (singular, definite)

  1. (before a vowel or mute h) Apocopic form of le, la: the
  2. (Quebec, Louisiana, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: the
    • 2002, Jean-François Pauzé, “La Manifestation”, in Break Syndical:
      À la manifestation, / on rêvait d’révolution / se gelant l’cul avec une poignée de comparses / sous la pluie froide du mois d’mars
      At the demonstration, / we dreamed o' revolution / freezing da asses off with a handful of cronies / in the cold rain of March

Pronoun

l’ m or f (third-person singular)

  1. (before a vowel or mute h) Apocopic form of le, la: him, her, it
  2. (Quebec, Louisiana, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: him, it
    • 2002, Jean-François Pauzé, Marie-Annick Lépine, “Toune d'automne”, in Break Syndical:
      Icitte y’a papa qui se r’met / fe sa p’tite opération / t’aurais du l’voir, y fakait / fallait l’traiter aux p’tits oignons
      Here's Dad recoverin' / doin' his lil operation / you shoulda seen him, he was doin' it / you hadda treat him like a pro
More information number, person ...
French personal pronouns
number person gender nominative
(subject)		 accusative
(direct complement)		 dative
(indirect complement)		 locative
(at)		 genitive
(of)		 disjunctive
(tonic)
singular first — je, j’ me, m’ —— moi
second — tu te, t’ —— toi
third masculine il le, l’ lui y en lui
feminine elle la, l’ elle
indeterminate on1 —— —— —
reflexive4 — se, s’ — — soi
plural first — nous nous —— nous
second2 — vous vous —— vous
third masculine ils3 les leur y en eux3
feminine elles elles
Close

1 On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
2 Vous is also used as the polite singular form.
3 Ils and eux are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.
4 These forms are also used as third person plural reflexive.

Further reading

Friulian

Article

l' m or f (definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of il, la: the

Inflection

More information singular, plural ...
Friulian definite articles
singular plural
masculine il
l'		 i
feminine la
l'		 lis
Close

Haitian Creole

Etymology

Contration of li, from French lui.

Pronoun

l'

  1. Alternative spelling of l; contraction of li.

Ido

Article

l'

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of la: the

Italian

Pronunciation

Article

l' m or f (apocopated) (definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of il/lo, la: the

Inflection

More information singular, plural ...
Italian definite articles
singular plural
masculine il
lo (l')		 i
gli
feminine la (l') le
Close

Pronoun

l' m or f (apocopated)

  1. (before vowels) Apocopic form of lo, la: him, her, it

Usage notes

  • Optionally elides before a vowel, especially before ho and ha: l'ho, l'ha. Elision before other verbs beginning with a stressed vowel is less common: lo era instead of l'era, lo è instead of l'è.

See also

More information Number, Person ...
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Combined Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singularfirst— iomi, m', -mi me me —
second— tuti, t', -ti te te
thirdm luisi2, s', -silo, l', -logli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal)		 ne, n'
f lei, Lei1la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Pluralfirst— noici, c', -ci ce noi —
second— voi, Voi4vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
thirdm loro, Loro1si, s', -sili, Li1, -li, -Li1gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1		 glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal)		 ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).
Close
Italian personal pronouns

Ladin

Article

l' f (singular)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of la: the

See also

Leonese

Etymology 1

Contraction of the masculine article el.

Article

l' m sg

  1. Apocopic form of el: the
Usage notes
  • The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h.

Etymology 2

Contraction of the feminine article la.

Article

l' f sg

  1. Apocopic form of la: the
Usage notes
  • The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha.

Ligurian

Article

l' m sg (definite)

  1. (before a vowel) the (+ a masculine name in the singular)

Middle French

Article

l'

  1. elided form of le, la: the

Usage notes

  • Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
  • lame ― the soul

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin ille, illa.

Particle

l' m and f (singular and plural definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of 'o, 'a: the

Old French

Article

l'

  1. (before a vowel sound) Apocopic form of la/le: the

Usage notes

  • Original manuscripts omit the apostrophe
  • lame ― the soul

Romagnol

Alternative forms

  • e' before a consonant

Article

l' m (before a vowel)

  1. the

Sassarese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /l‿/, (after a word ending in a vowel) /r‿/

Article

l'

  1. Apocopic form of lu
  2. Apocopic form of la
  3. Apocopic form of li

Inflection

More information singular, plural ...
Sassarese definite articles
singular plural
masculine lu (l') li (l')
feminine la (l')
Close

Pronoun

l'

  1. Apocopic form of lu
  2. Apocopic form of la
  3. Apocopic form of li

Usage notes

  • Used before a vowel sound.

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