ten

Alternative forms

• Ten, TEN

Etymology

Borrowed from English ten.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɛn]

Noun

ten

1. (international standards) NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony code for 10, used only with o'clock to indicate direction

Etymology

From Middle English ten, tene, from Old English tīen, from Proto-West Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Cognate with Scots ten, tene (“ten”), West Frisian tsien (“ten”), Saterland Frisian tjoon (“ten”), North Frisian tiin (“ten”). See also teen.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: tĕn IPA^(key): /tɛn/, [tʰɛn]
• IPA^(key): /tɪn/ (pin–pen merger)

• Audio (US, Inland Northern American):

  (file)

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn, (pin–pen merger) -ɪn
• Homophone: tin (pin–pen merger)

Numeral

ten

1. The number occurring after nine and before eleven, represented in Arabic numerals (base ten) as 10 and in Roman numerals as X.
   • 1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], “The Sayings of Slid (whose Soul is by the Sea)”, in The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 15:

     There is a melody upon the Earth as though ten thousand streams all sang together for their homes that they had forsaken in the hills.

Noun

ten (countable and uncountable, plural tens)

1. A set or group with ten elements.

   We divided the chocolates into tens to hand out to Hallowe'en visitors.

   • 1958 May, Carolyn J. Ingham, Joseph N. Payne, “An eighth-grade unit on number systems”, in The Mathematics Teacher, volume 51, number 5, page 392:

     They can readily state the number of tens in a hundred. But somehow they do not have a full appreciation of the "tenness" of our system and how the system is structured.

2. (in the plural) An inexact quantity, typically understood to be between 20 and 100.

   Our houses are tens of meters apart, so we don't have to worry about noise from our neighbours.

   tens of thousands of voters

3. (countable, card games) A card in a given suit with a value of ten.
4. (countable) A denomination of currency, such as a banknote, with a value of ten units.

   Synonym: tenner

   Can you give me two tens for this twenty?

5. (countable, US, slang) A perfect specimen, (particularly) a physically attractive person.

   Synonym: dime piece

   • 2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Chris, 22:22 from the start, in Penn Radio‎:

     I was in the Woodley Park–Zoo in D.C. and mom and sister were waiting to see the pandas, so me and my pops broke away to check out the monkey house. Well, there was a beautiful teacher, I mean we're talking a ten, she was blond, had a low-cut dress on, just gorgeous. And she has about eight or nine students and she's pointing out all the different monkeys. And me and my dad noticed this huge orangutan kind of fiddling with himself. And on close [censored] And we kept checking it out and he was looking directly at the teacher. Well, a couple minutes passed by [censored] he proceeds to [censored] that's when the teacher noticed and, you know, took the kids away very hurriedly. But I looked at my dad and said, you know, they're so much like us.

   • 2023 September 11, Danielle Cohen, “Why Am I Attracted to My Coworker? Meet ‘The Office Ten’”, in New York Magazine‎:

     An Office Ten is a person who falls somewhere between average to mildly good-looking in the world at large but skyrockets to wildly attractive within the confines of an open-concept desk plan.

6. (countable, US, slang) A high level of intensity. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
7. (countable, rowing) The act of rowing ten strokes flat out.
   • 1911, The Cambridge Review, volume 32, page 486:

     At the 1,000-metres post we gave a ten, which raised our lead to 1⅔ lengths; the Belgians were rowing hard, but one felt that they still had plenty of spurting power.

   • 1982, Stanley French, Aspects of Downing history, page 105:

     Morris gave a ten, and an unbelievable surge ran through the boat, one that I had never felt before.

Translations

set or group with ten elements

Azerbaijani: on dənə, on nəfər, onluq Bashkir: унау (unaw) Catalan: desena (ca) Finnish: kymmenen (fi) (attribute, use with ryhmä, kasa, nippu etc.), kymmenikkö (fi) French: dizaine (fr) Greek: δεκάδα (el) (dekáda) Hindi: दस (hi) m (das), दश (hi) m (daś), दह (hi) m (dah) Polish: dziesiątka (pl) f Russian: деся́ток (ru) m (desjátok) Spanish: decena (es) Swedish: tia (sv) c Urdu: دَہَائی f (dahāī)

inexact quantity

Finnish: kymmen (fi)

playing card with a value of ten

Czech: desítka (cs) f Estonian: kümme (et) Finnish: kymppi (fi) German: Zehner (de) m Hindi: दहला (hi) (dahlā) Spanish: diez (es) m Swedish: tia (sv) c

denomination of currency with a value of ten

Finnish: kymppi (fi) German: Zehnerl (de) Italian: dieci (it) Swedish: tia (sv) c

perfect specimen

Finnish: täysi kymppi

slang: high level of intensity

Finnish: kybä (fi)

rowing: act of rowing ten strokes flat out

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked‌: "the number following nine"

Afrikaans: tien (af) Albanian: dhjetë (sq) Amharic: አስር (ʾäsr) Arabic: عَشَرَة (ar) m (ʕašara), عَشْر f (ʕašr) (numeral: ١٠ (10)) Egyptian Arabic: عشرة (ʕašaṛa) Aramaic: Classical Syriac: ܥܣܪܐ m (ʿesrā), ܥܣܪ f (ʿəsar) Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עַסְרָא m (ʿasrā), עֲסַר f (ʿăsar) Western Neo-Aramaic: ܐܥܣܪ m (ʾeʿsar), ܥܣܪܐ f (ʿasraʾ) Armenian: տասը (hy) (tasə), տասն (hy) (tasn) Asturian: diez (ast) m Bashkir: ун (un) Basque: hamar (eu) Belarusian: дзяся́тка (dzjasjátka) Bengali: দশ (bn) (doś) Bulgarian: десет (deset) Burmese: တဆယ် (my) (ta.hcai) Catalan: deu (ca) m (1,2,3) Cebuano: napulo Central Sierra Miwok: naˀá·ča- Chichewa: khumi Chinese: Mandarin: 十 (zh) (shí) Corsican: deci (co) Czech: pětka (cs) f (3) Danish: tital n (1), tier c (2, 3) Dutch: tien (nl) f (1,2), tientje (nl) n (3) Esperanto: dek (eo) Estonian: kümme (et) French: dix (fr) m (1,2,3) Galician: dez (gl) Georgian: ათი (ka) (ati) German: Zehn (de) f (2) Gun: Awo Alemannic German: zää Gilbertese: tebwina Gujarati: દસ (das) Haitian Creole: dis Hausa: goma Hawaiian: umi Hebrew: Biblical Hebrew: עֲשָּׂרָה (he) m (ʿăśśārā), עֶשֶׂר (he) f (ʿeśer) Modern Hebrew: עֶשְׂרֵה (he) f (ʾesré) Hungarian: tíz (hu) Icelandic: tíu (is) Indonesian: sepuluh (id) Irish: deich (ga) Italian: dieci (it) m (1,2,3) Japanese: 十 (ja) (jū), とお (ja) (tō) Javanese: sepuluh (jv) Kannada: ಹತ್ತು (kn) (hattu) Kazakh: он (kk) (on) Khmer: ដប់ (km) (dɑp) Korean: 십 (ko) (sip) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: deh (ku) Kyrgyz: он (ky) (on) Ladino: דייס, dyes Latin: decem (la) Latvian: desmit (lv) Lithuanian: dešimt (lt) Luxembourgish: zéng (lb) Lü: ᦉᦲᧇ (ṡiib) Macedonian: десетка f (desetka) Malagasy: folo (mg) Malay: sepuluh (ms) Malayalam: പത്ത് (ml) (pattŭ) Maltese: għaxra (mt) Maori: tekau (mi) Marathi: दहा (dahā) Mongolian: арав (mn) (arav), арван (arvan) Nepali: दस (das) Norwegian: ti (no) Ogun: Awóh, Wó, Awo Persian: ده (fa) (dah) Polish: dziesiątka (pl) f (1,2), dycha (pl) f (informal) (3) Portuguese: dez (pt) m (1,2) Punjabi: ਦਸ (das) Romanian: zece (ro) m (1), decar (ro) m (2) Russian: деся́тка (ru) f (desjátka) Samoan: sefulu Scottish Gaelic: deich m Serbo-Croatian: десет, deset Shona: gumi Sindhi: ڏَهَه (sd), ڏَهَيلو Slovak: desiatka f (1,2), desaťkorunáčka f (3) Slovene: desét (sl) Somali: toban (so) Sotho: leshome (st) Spanish: diez (es) Sundanese: sapuluh (su) Swahili: kumi (sw) Tagalog: sampu (tl), diyes Tajik: даҳ (tg) (dah) Tamil: பத்து (ta) (pattu) Telugu: పది (te) (padi) Thai: สิบ (th) (sìp) Turkish: on (tr) Ukrainian: десять (uk) (desjatʹ) Uzbek: o‘n (uz) Vietnamese: mười (vi) (1) Welsh: deg (cy) West Frisian: tsien (fy) Xhosa: shumi Yiddish: צען (yi) (tsen) Zulu: ishumi

See also

• (prefix): deca-, deka-
• (adjective): decadal, decenary
• (a set of 10 items): decimate, decimal; decaplet, decuplet (of babies, musical notes, or baryons)
• (containing 10 items): decenary
• (related to base-10 numeration): See decimal
• (period of 10 months): decimestrial
• (period of 10 years): See decade and decennium
• (related to a 10-year period): See decadal and decennial
• (10-year anniversary): See decennial
• (rule by 10 people): See decemvirate
• (commander of 10 soldiers): See decener
• (chief of 10 men in early English law): See tithingman
• (payment or collection of a 10% tax): See tithe

Playing cards in English · playing cards (layout · text)
ace	deuce, two	three	four	five	six	seven
eight	nine	ten	jack, knave	queen	king	joker

Anagrams

• Net, net, ent, NET, -ent, .NET, ENT, Ent, ent-

Etymology

From English ten.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ten/

Numeral

ten (Bengali script তেন)

1. ten

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 2.

Etymology

From English ten.

Numeral

ten

1. ten

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈten]
• Rhymes: -en

Verb

ten

1. second-person singular imperative of tenir
2. second-person singular imperative of tindre

Noun

ten

1. Hard mutation of den.
2. Mixed mutation of den.

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ten, from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɛn]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

ten

1. the, this, that

Further reading

• “ten”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “ten”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “ten”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Etymology

From Old Norse teinn (“stick”).

Noun

ten

1. a spindle; a rod or stick used together with a distaff to spin yarn
2. in a spinning wheel or similar machine: the reel on which the finished yarn is spooled

Further reading

• “ten” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology

A contraction of te + den. Compare German zum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Contraction

ten

1. to the, at the (followed by a masculine or neuter word)

   ten goede of ten kwade ― for better or for worse

   ten dele ― partly

   ten tijde van ― during the time of

Anagrams

• ent, net

Alternative forms

• tem (Reintegrationist)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛŋ/ [ˈt̪ɛŋ]
• Rhymes: -ɛŋ
• Hyphenation: ten

Verb

ten

1. has; third-person singular present indicative of ter

   A cervexa ten en Galicia unha longa historia.

   Beer has a long history in Galicia.

2. inflection of ter:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

References

• “ter”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ten”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ter”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ten”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Romanization

ten

1. Rōmaji transcription of てん
2. Rōmaji transcription of テン

Etymology

From Portuguese ter.

Verb

ten

1. to have
2. to possess

Etymology

From Ultimately from Middle Chinese 等 (MC tojX|tongX, “to equate”).

Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (teŋ, “equal, equivalent, appropriate”); Crimean Tatar teñ, Karachay-Balkar тенг (teñ), Kumyk тенг (teñ), Urum тэнг (teŋ), Kazakh тең (teñ, “equal”), Southern Altai теҥ (teŋ, “equal”) Uzbek teng (“equal”), Turkish denk (“equal, equivalent”), Shor тең, Yakut тэҥ (teñ, “equal”).

Adjective

ten

1. equal

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ten”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛn/
• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Syllabification: ten

Pronoun

ten

1. this (nearby)

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “ten”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 213
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “ten”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
• “ten”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Adverb

ten

1. there

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛn]

Determiner

ten (feminine ta, neuter to, dual tej, plural te)

1. this

Contraction

ten

1. Contraction of te den.

Etymology 1

From Old English tīen.

Etymology 2

From Old English tēon, from Proto-West Germanic *teuhan (“to pull, lead”), from Proto-Germanic *teuhaną (“to draw, lead, bring, pull, help”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull, lead”).

Etymology 3

From Old Norse tennr, nominative indefinite plural of tǫnn (“tooth”).

Etymology

From Arabic طَعْن (ṭaʕn, “piercing, attack, criticism”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɛn/

Noun

ten m or f

1. scolding, reproach, censure, blame, criticism, mockery, ridicule
2. threat

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “ten”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 604

Alternative forms

• tet

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈtɛn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈtɛn/

Pronoun

ten

1. this (nearby)

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “ten”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Alternative forms

• tēne, tȳn, tīen
• tȳn, tīen — West Saxon

Etymology

See tien

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /teːn/

Numeral

tēn

1. (Mercian) ten

References

1. A. L. Mayhew, M. A. Synopsis of Old English Phonology, 123

Alternative forms

• tet

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /tɛn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /tɛn/

Pronoun

ten

1. this (nearby)

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ten”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN