z

Pronunciation

• Pronunciation of IPA [zɑː, ɑzzɑː] with the sound [z]:

  (file)

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth and last letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Symbol

z

1. (metrology) Symbol for the prefix zepto-.
2. (astronomy) Symbol for the redshift.
3. (mathematics) Used to denote a real variable when x and y are already in use.

   ${\displaystyle f\left(x,y,z\right)=\sin x+\cos y+\tan z}$

4. (mathematics) Used to denote the third coordinate in three-dimensional Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems.

   ${\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}=1}$

5. (mathematics) Used to denote a complex variable.

   ${\displaystyle \left\Vert z\right\Vert =z\cdot {\bar {z}}}$

6. (statistics) Used to denote a value of a standard normal random variable.

   ${\displaystyle P[Z>z]=1-P[Z<z]=1-\Phi (z)}$z]=1-P[Z

7. (chemistry) Symbol for atomic number.
8. (IPA) a voiced alveolar sibilant.
9. (superscript ⟨ᶻ⟩, IPA) [z]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [dᶻ], sometimes implying an affricate [d͜z]); [z]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [z].

   Lushootseed uses the affricate convention for its alphabetic letter ⟨dᶻ⟩.

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of Z, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase Z in Fraktur

See also

Other representations of Z:

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

Abbreviations.

z

1. (Stenoscript) the sound /z/, regardless of spelling.

   Note: plural /s/, /z/ or /əz/ in nouns is instead indicated by an optional dot under last letter; 3sg /s/, /z/ or /əz/ in verbs is not written at all, except for hz 'has', sz 'says', dz 'does'

2. (Stenoscript) the sound /ʃ/, /ʒ/, or the sequence /ziː/.
3. (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of as, was, his, she.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡s/

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z lower case (upper case Z)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s̻eta/, [s̻e̞.t̪a]

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Basque alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈzɛ.tə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈzɛ.ta]

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

Alternative forms

• 's (Sette Comuni)

Article

z

1. (Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
   1. nominative singular neuter
   2. accusative singular neuter

See also

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Alternative forms

• ze

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech z, ze, from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

z [with genitive]

1. from

   Toto víno pochází z Francie. ― This wine comes from France.

2. out of

   Pět z deseti doktorů doporučuje tuto zubní pastu. ― Five out of ten doctors recommend this toothpaste.

Further reading

• “z”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “z”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛt
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /zɛt/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Previous letter: y

Etymology 1

Noun

 m

1. door bolt of wood or copper [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

More information singular, dual ...

Declension of z (masculine)

singular	z
dual	zwj
plural	zw

Close

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of z  

[Old Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Late Period]

Etymology 2

Speculatively, Ehret hypothesizes an origin in Proto-Afroasiatic *ji (one, someone, somebody); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking. Compare Hebrew זֶה.

Noun

 m

1. man (male person) [since the Old Kingdom]
2. someone, anyone
   • c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 11–12:

     nj sḏr z ḥqr.w r dmj.j

     No one went to bed hungry in my district.

Usage notes

This word can be placed after a type of person and before a number to indicate that many prisoners of that type were taken.

Inflection

More information singular, dual ...

Declension of z (masculine)

singular	z
dual	zwj
plural	zw

Close

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of z  

z	z	z	z	s	s	sj	sꜣ
[Old Kingdom]	[since the Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the 19th Dynasty]	[since the 19th Dynasty]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]

Noun

 m

1. being, creature (used of a snake) [Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

More information singular, dual ...

Declension of z (masculine)

singular	z
dual	zwj
plural	zw

Close

Etymology 3

Noun

 m

1. A type of fish [22nd dynasty]

Inflection

More information singular, dual ...

Declension of z (masculine)

singular	z
dual	zwj
plural	zw

Close

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /z/; before a voiceless consonant, IPA^(key): /s/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called zo and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtsetː/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsett and written in the Latin script.

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and z for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• Audio (letter name); “tset”:

  (file)

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called tseta or tset and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /zɛd/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romanization

z

1. Romanization of 𐌶

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͜s/

Letter

z (uppel case Z)

1. A letter of the Heiltsuk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈz]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈzeː]

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called zé and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

Further reading

• z in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Pronunciation

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /z/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ze/

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/ (usually unless before a voiced consonant)
• IPA^(key): /s/ (sometimes before a voiced consonant e.g. Mazmur)

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Letter

z f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Italian alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog z. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English z.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /zi/ [zi̞]
  • IPA^(key): (more native-sounding) /si/ [si̞]
  • Rhymes: -i
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /z/ [z]
  • IPA^(key): (more native-sounding) /s/ [s]

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called zi and written in the Latin script.

References

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎ (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈz/ (before a voiced consonant)
• IPA^(key): /ˈs/ (before a voiceless consonant)
• Syllabification: w

Etymology 1

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and z for development of the glyph itself.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz.

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “z”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 258
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “z”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
• “z”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Etymology

The minuscule form derives from the majuscule Z.

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-third letter of the Classical Latin alphabet, called zēta.

References

• "z", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “z”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [z]

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Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Latvian alphabet, called zē and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēd̦; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, D̦ d̦, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡s/, /d͡z/
• Simple z is almost always /t͡s/. Geminated zz is also predominantly voiceless, but intervocalically it may represent /dd͡z/, notably in the verbal suffix -izza.

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The thirtieth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /set/, /sɛt/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /s/, /ʃ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

z

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Alternative forms

• ze

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

Preposition

z

1. from, out of [with genitive]

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “z”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/, /s/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz. First attested in the 14th century.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n). First attested in the 14th century.

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “z”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN