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            <title>Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing</title>
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    <abstract>Knowledge-enhanced Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) has recently received significant attention, which aims to incorporate factual knowledge into PLMs. However, most existing methods modify the internal structures of fixed types of PLMs by stacking complicated modules, and introduce redundant and irrelevant factual knowledge from knowledge bases (KBs). In this paper, to address these problems, we introduce a seminal knowledge prompting paradigm and further propose a knowledge-prompting-based PLM framework KP-PLM. This framework can be flexibly combined with existing mainstream PLMs. Specifically, we first construct a knowledge sub-graph from KBs for each context. Then we design multiple continuous prompts rules and transform the knowledge sub-graph into natural language prompts. To further leverage the factual knowledge from these prompts, we propose two novel knowledge-aware self-supervised tasks including prompt relevance inspection and masked prompt modeling. Extensive experiments on multiple natural language understanding (NLU) tasks show the superiority of KP-PLM over other state-of-the-art methods in both full-resource and low-resource settings. Our source codes will be released upon the acceptance of the paper.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Knowledge Prompting in Pre-trained Language Model for Natural Language Understanding
%A Wang, Jianing
%A Huang, Wenkang
%A Qiu, Minghui
%A Shi, Qiuhui
%A Wang, Hongbin
%A Li, Xiang
%A Gao, Ming
%Y Goldberg, Yoav
%Y Kozareva, Zornitsa
%Y Zhang, Yue
%S Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
%D 2022
%8 December
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
%F wang-etal-2022-knowledge
%X Knowledge-enhanced Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) has recently received significant attention, which aims to incorporate factual knowledge into PLMs. However, most existing methods modify the internal structures of fixed types of PLMs by stacking complicated modules, and introduce redundant and irrelevant factual knowledge from knowledge bases (KBs). In this paper, to address these problems, we introduce a seminal knowledge prompting paradigm and further propose a knowledge-prompting-based PLM framework KP-PLM. This framework can be flexibly combined with existing mainstream PLMs. Specifically, we first construct a knowledge sub-graph from KBs for each context. Then we design multiple continuous prompts rules and transform the knowledge sub-graph into natural language prompts. To further leverage the factual knowledge from these prompts, we propose two novel knowledge-aware self-supervised tasks including prompt relevance inspection and masked prompt modeling. Extensive experiments on multiple natural language understanding (NLU) tasks show the superiority of KP-PLM over other state-of-the-art methods in both full-resource and low-resource settings. Our source codes will be released upon the acceptance of the paper.
%R 10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.207
%U https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.207/
%U https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.207
%P 3164-3177

Markdown (Informal)

[Knowledge Prompting in Pre-trained Language Model for Natural Language Understanding](https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.207/) (Wang et al., EMNLP 2022)

• Knowledge Prompting in Pre-trained Language Model for Natural Language Understanding (Wang et al., EMNLP 2022)

ACL

• Jianing Wang, Wenkang Huang, Minghui Qiu, Qiuhui Shi, Hongbin Wang, Xiang Li, and Ming Gao. 2022. Knowledge Prompting in Pre-trained Language Model for Natural Language Understanding. In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 3164–3177, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Association for Computational Linguistics.