A simple dependency injection library for Python
Witch Doctor provides a structured method to register interfaces, implementations, injection types, constructor arguments, and container scopes.
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It validates the inheritance relationship between the interface and implementation. If there’s a mismatch, a
TypeErroris raised. -
The injection type is also validated and must be either
"singleton"or"factory"."singleton"returns the same instance on every injection."factory"creates a new instance for each injection. An invalid type will raise aTypeError.
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If no arguments are provided, the constructor will be called without parameters.
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The
container_nameallows you to isolate dependency registrations by scope, enabling multi-context injection.
class WitchDoctor:
@classmethod
def register(
cls,
interface: Type[ABC],
class_ref: Any,
injection_type: InjectionType,
args: List[any] = None,
container: str = DEFAULT,
):
"""
WitchDoctor.register will check inherit of the interface and class_ref.
Will raise a TypeError on validation error\n
:param interface: Interface that inherits from ABC
:param class_ref: A implementation of the interface
:param injection_type: The injection type that must be used for this register. Allowed Factory or Singleton
:param args: List of args tha will be used to instantiate the class object
:param container: Container name where the reference will be saved.
"""
passYou can register your injections using containers. The method contianer will provide a container register with the same signature as teh register without the container param. To use the created container you need to load it using load_container.
The base work load will set all registers in the DEFAULT group
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from witch_doctor import WitchDoctor, InjectionType
class IStubFromABCClass(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def sum(self, a: int, b: int):
pass
class StubFromABCClass(IStubFromABCClass):
def sum(self, a: int, b: int):
return a + b
container = WitchDoctor.container("prod")
WitchDoctor.register(IStubFromABCClass, StubFromABCClass, InjectionType.SINGLETON)
WitchDoctor.load_container("prod")Witch Doctor can be used as decorator. The function signature will ber check and if some values was not provide Witch Doctor will search on the registered interfaces to inject the dependencies.
class WitchDoctor:
@classmethod
def injection(cls, function: Callable):
"""
WitchDoctor.injection is a function decorator that will match the
function params signature and inject the dependencies.
Will raise AttributeError is some args was pass throw\n
:type function: Callable
"""
passfrom abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from witch_doctor import WitchDoctor, InjectionType
# Abstract class
class IStubFromABCClass(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def sum(self, a: int, b: int):
pass
# Implementation
class StubFromABCClass(IStubFromABCClass):
def __init__(self, a: int):
self.a = a
def sum(self, a: int, b: int):
return a + b + self.a
# Usage
@WitchDoctor.injection
def func_t(a: int, b: int, c: IStubFromABCClass):
return c.sum(a, b)
# Containers
container = WitchDoctor.container()
container(IStubFromABCClass, StubFromABCClass, InjectionType.FACTORY, args=[10])
container = WitchDoctor.container("prod")
container(IStubFromABCClass, StubFromABCClass, InjectionType.SINGLETON, args=[20])
# Loading and using
WitchDoctor.load_container()
result_a1 = func_t(a=1, b=2)
result_a2 = func_t(a=2, b=2)
assert result_a1 == 13
assert result_a2 == 14
WitchDoctor.load_container("prod")
result_a1 = func_t(a=1, b=2)
result_a2 = func_t(a=2, b=2)
assert result_a1 == 23
assert result_a2 == 24The resolve method is used to retrieve an instance of a class registered in Witch Doctor.
It validates the class signature and searches for the matching implementation based on the registered interfaces. Dependencies are automatically injected.
class WitchDoctor:
@classmethod
def resolve(cls, interface: T, container_name: str = CURRENT) -> Type[T]:
"""
WitchDoctor.resolve will return an instance of the registered class_ref interface.
Will raise a TypeError if interface is not registered\n
:param interface: A implementation of the interface
:param container_name: You can specify the container name to be used by the resolve method
"""
passfrom abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from witch_doctor import WitchDoctor, InjectionType
# Abstract class
class IStubFromABCClass(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def sum(self, a: int, b: int):
pass
# Implementation
class StubFromABCClass(IStubFromABCClass):
def __init__(self, a: int):
self.a = a
def sum(self, a: int, b: int):
return a + b + self.a
# Usage
@WitchDoctor.injection
def func_t(a: int, b: int, c: IStubFromABCClass):
return c.sum(a, b)
# Containers
container = WitchDoctor.container()
container(IStubFromABCClass, StubFromABCClass, InjectionType.FACTORY, args=[10])
# Loading and using
WitchDoctor.load_container()
result_a1 = WitchDoctor.resolve(IStubFromABCClass)
result_a2 = WitchDoctor.resolve(IStubFromABCClass)