yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
Copyright (C) 2012 - 2020 Claire Xenia Wolf <claire@yosyshq.com>
Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
This is a framework for RTL synthesis tools. It currently has extensive Verilog-2005 support and provides a basic set of synthesis algorithms for various application domains.
Yosys can be adapted to perform any synthesis job by combining the existing passes (algorithms) using synthesis scripts and adding additional passes as needed by extending the yosys C++ code base.
Yosys is free software licensed under the ISC license (a GPL compatible license that is similar in terms to the MIT license or the 2-clause BSD license).
More information and documentation can be found on the Yosys web site:
The "Documentation" page on the web site contains links to more resources, including a manual that even describes some of the Yosys internals:
The directory guidelines contains additional information
for people interested in using the Yosys C++ APIs.
Users interested in formal verification might want to use the formal verification front-end for Yosys, SymbiYosys:
You need a C++ compiler with C++11 support (up-to-date CLANG or GCC is
recommended) and some standard tools such as GNU Flex, GNU Bison, and GNU Make.
TCL, readline and libffi are optional (see ENABLE_* settings in Makefile).
Xdot (graphviz) is used by the show command in yosys to display schematics.
For example on Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS the following commands will install all prerequisites for building yosys:
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential clang bison flex \
libreadline-dev gawk tcl-dev libffi-dev git \
graphviz xdot pkg-config python3 libboost-system-dev \
libboost-python-dev libboost-filesystem-dev zlib1g-dev
Similarily, on Mac OS X Homebrew can be used to install dependencies (from within cloned yosys repository):
$ brew tap Homebrew/bundle && brew bundle
or MacPorts:
$ sudo port install bison flex readline gawk libffi \
git graphviz pkgconfig python36 boost zlib tcl
On FreeBSD use the following command to install all prerequisites:
# pkg install bison flex readline gawk libffi\
git graphviz pkgconf python3 python36 tcl-wrapper boost-libs
On FreeBSD system use gmake instead of make. To run tests use: % MAKE=gmake CC=cc gmake test
For Cygwin use the following command to install all prerequisites, or select these additional packages:
setup-x86_64.exe -q --packages=bison,flex,gcc-core,gcc-g++,git,libffi-devel,libreadline-devel,make,pkg-config,python3,tcl-devel,boost-build,zlib-devel
There are also pre-compiled Yosys binary packages for Ubuntu and Win32 as well as a source distribution for Visual Studio. Visit the Yosys download page for more information: https://yosyshq.net/yosys/download.html
To configure the build system to use a specific compiler, use one of
$ make config-clang
$ make config-gcc
For other compilers and build configurations it might be necessary to make some changes to the config section of the Makefile.
$ vi Makefile # ..or..
$ vi Makefile.conf
To build Yosys simply type 'make' in this directory.
$ make
$ sudo make install
Note that this also downloads, builds and installs ABC (using yosys-abc as executable name).
Tests are located in the tests subdirectory and can be executed using the test target. Note that you need gawk as well as a recent version of iverilog (i.e. build from git). Then, execute tests via:
$ make test
To use a separate (out-of-tree) build directory, provide a path to the Makefile.
$ mkdir build; cd build
$ make -f ../Makefile
Out-of-tree builds require a clean source tree.
Yosys can be used with the interactive command shell, with synthesis scripts or with command line arguments. Let's perform a simple synthesis job using the interactive command shell:
$ ./yosys
yosys>
the command help can be used to print a list of all available
commands and help <command> to print details on the specified command:
yosys> help help
reading and elaborating the design using the Verilog frontend:
yosys> read -sv tests/simple/fiedler-cooley.v
yosys> hierarchy -top up3down5
writing the design to the console in Yosys's internal format:
yosys> write_ilang
convert processes (always blocks) to netlist elements and perform
some simple optimizations:
yosys> proc; opt
display design netlist using xdot:
yosys> show
the same thing using gv as postscript viewer:
yosys> show -format ps -viewer gv
translating netlist to gate logic and perform some simple optimizations:
yosys> techmap; opt
write design netlist to a new Verilog file:
yosys> write_verilog synth.v
or using a simple synthesis script:
$ cat synth.ys
read -sv tests/simple/fiedler-cooley.v
hierarchy -top up3down5
proc; opt; techmap; opt
write_verilog synth.v
$ ./yosys synth.ys
If ABC is enabled in the Yosys build configuration and a cell library is given
in the liberty file mycells.lib, the following synthesis script will
synthesize for the given cell library:
# read design
read -sv tests/simple/fiedler-cooley.v
hierarchy -top up3down5
# the high-level stuff
proc; fsm; opt; memory; opt
# mapping to internal cell library
techmap; opt
# mapping flip-flops to mycells.lib
dfflibmap -liberty mycells.lib
# mapping logic to mycells.lib
abc -liberty mycells.lib
# cleanup
clean
If you do not have a liberty file but want to test this synthesis script,
you can use the file examples/cmos/cmos_cells.lib from the yosys sources
as simple example.
Liberty file downloads for and information about free and open ASIC standard cell libraries can be found here:
- http://www.vlsitechnology.org/html/libraries.html
- http://www.vlsitechnology.org/synopsys/vsclib013.lib
The command synth provides a good default synthesis script (see
help synth):
read -sv tests/simple/fiedler-cooley.v
synth -top up3down5
# mapping to target cells
dfflibmap -liberty mycells.lib
abc -liberty mycells.lib
clean
The command prep provides a good default word-level synthesis script, as
used in SMT-based formal verification.
The following Verilog-2005 features are not supported by Yosys and there are currently no plans to add support for them:
-
Non-synthesizable language features as defined in IEC 62142(E):2005 / IEEE Std. 1364.1(E):2002
-
The
tri,triandandtriornet types -
The
configanddisablekeywords and library map files
-
The
full_caseattribute on case statements is supported (also the non-standard// synopsys full_casedirective) -
The
parallel_caseattribute on case statements is supported (also the non-standard// synopsys parallel_casedirective) -
The
// synopsys translate_offand// synopsys translate_ondirectives are also supported (but the use of`ifdef .. `endifis strongly recommended instead). -
The
nomem2regattribute on modules or arrays prohibits the automatic early conversion of arrays to separate registers. This is potentially dangerous. Usually the front-end has good reasons for converting an array to a list of registers. Prohibiting this step will likely result in incorrect synthesis results. -
The
mem2regattribute on modules or arrays forces the early conversion of arrays to separate registers. -
The
nomeminitattribute on modules or arrays prohibits the creation of initialized memories. This effectively putsmem2regon all memories that are written to in aninitialblock and are not ROMs. -
The
nolatchesattribute on modules or always-blocks prohibits the generation of logic-loops for latches. Instead all not explicitly assigned values default to x-bits. This does not affect clocked storage elements such as flip-flops. -
The
nosyncattribute on registers prohibits the generation of a storage element. The register itself will always have all bits set to 'x' (undefined). The variable may only be used as blocking assigned temporary variable within an always block. This is mostly used internally by Yosys to synthesize Verilog functions and access arrays. -
The
nowrshmskattribute on a register prohibits the generation of shift-and-mask type circuits for writing to bit slices of that register. -
The
onehotattribute on wires mark them as one-hot state register. This is used for example for memory port sharing and set by the fsm_map pass. -
The
blackboxattribute on modules is used to mark empty stub modules that have the same ports as the real thing but do not contain information on the internal configuration. This modules are only used by the synthesis passes to identify input and output ports of cells. The Verilog backend also does not output blackbox modules on default.read_verilog, unless called with-noblackboxwill automatically set the blackbox attribute on any empty module it reads. -
The
noblackboxattribute set on an empty module preventsread_verilogfrom automatically setting the blackbox attribute on the module. -
The
whiteboxattribute on modules triggers the same behavior asblackbox, but is for whitebox modules, i.e. library modules that contain a behavioral model of the cell type. -
The
lib_whiteboxattribute overwriteswhiteboxwhenread_verilogis run in-libmode. Otherwise it's automatically removed. -
The
dynportsattribute is used by the Verilog front-end to mark modules that have ports with a width that depends on a parameter. -
The
hdlnameattribute is used by some passes to document the original (HDL) name of a module when renaming a module. It should contain a single name, or, when describing a hierarchical name in a flattened design, multiple names separated by a single space character. -
The
keepattribute on cells and wires is used to mark objects that should never be removed by the optimizer. This is used for example for cells that have hidden connections that are not part of the netlist, such as IO pads. Setting thekeepattribute on a module has the same effect as setting it on all instances of the module. -
The
keep_hierarchyattribute on cells and modules keeps theflattencommand from flattening the indicated cells and modules. -
The
initattribute on wires is set by the frontend when a register is initialized "FPGA-style" withreg foo = val. It can be used during synthesis to add the necessary reset logic. -
The
topattribute on a module marks this module as the top of the design hierarchy. Thehierarchycommand sets this attribute when called with-top. Other commands, such asflattenand various backends use this attribute to determine the top module. -
The
srcattribute is set on cells and wires created by to the string<hdl-file-name>:<line-number>by the HDL front-end and is then carried through the synthesis. When entities are combined, a new |-separated string is created that contains all the string from the original entities. -
The
defaultvalueattribute is used to store default values for module inputs. The attribute is attached to the input wire by the HDL front-end when the input is declared with a default value. -
The
parameterandlocalparamattributes are used to mark wires that represent module parameters or localparams (when the HDL front-end is run in-pwiresmode). -
Wires marked with the
hierconnattribute are connected to wires with the same name (formatcell_name.identifier) when they are imported from sub-modules byflatten. -
The
clkbuf_driverattribute can be set on an output port of a blackbox module to mark it as a clock buffer output, and thus preventclkbufmapfrom inserting another clock buffer on a net driven by such output. -
The
clkbuf_sinkattribute can be set on an input port of a module to request clock buffer insertion by theclkbufmappass. -
The
clkbuf_invattribute can be set on an output port of a module with the value set to the name of an input port of that module. When theclkbufmapwould otherwise insert a clock buffer on this output, it will instead try inserting the clock buffer on the input port (this is used to implement clock inverter cells that clock buffer insertion will "see through"). -
The
clkbuf_inhibitis the default attribute to set on a wire to prevent automatic clock buffer insertion byclkbufmap. This behaviour can be overridden by providing a custom selection toclkbufmap. -
The
invertible_pinattribute can be set on a port to mark it as invertible via a cell parameter. The name of the inversion parameter is specified as the value of this attribute. The value of the inversion parameter must be of the same width as the port, with 1 indicating an inverted bit and 0 indicating a non-inverted bit. -
The
iopad_external_pinattribute on a blackbox module's port marks it as the external-facing pin of an I/O pad, and preventsiopadmapfrom inserting another pad cell on it. -
The module attribute
abc9_lutis an integer attribute indicating toabc9that this module describes a LUT with an area cost of this value, and propagation delays described usingspecifystatements. -
The module attribute
abc9_boxis a boolean specifying a black/white-box definition, with propagation delays described usingspecifystatements, for use byabc9. -
The port attribute
abc9_carrymarks the carry-in (if an input port) and carry-out (if output port) ports of a box. This information is necessary forabc9to preserve the integrity of carry-chains. Specifying this attribute onto a bus port will affect only its most significant bit. -
The module attribute
abc9_flopis a boolean marking the module as a flip-flop. This allowsabc9to analyse its contents in order to perform sequential synthesis. -
The frontend sets attributes
always_comb,always_latchandalways_ffon processes derived from SystemVerilog style always blocks according to the type of the always. These are checked for correctness inproc_dlatch. -
The cell attribute
wildcard_port_connsrepresents wildcard port connections (SystemVerilog.*). These are resolved to concrete connections to matching wires inhierarchy. -
In addition to the
(* ... *)attribute syntax, Yosys supports the non-standard{* ... *}attribute syntax to set default attributes for everything that comes after the{* ... *}statement. (Reset by adding an empty{* *}statement.) -
In module parameter and port declarations, and cell port and parameter lists, a trailing comma is ignored. This simplifies writing Verilog code generators a bit in some cases.
-
Modules can be declared with
module mod_name(...);(with three dots instead of a list of module ports). With this syntax it is sufficient to simply declare a module port as 'input' or 'output' in the module body. -
When defining a macro with `define, all text between triple double quotes is interpreted as macro body, even if it contains unescaped newlines. The triple double quotes are removed from the macro body. For example:
`define MY_MACRO(a, b) """ assign a = 23; assign b = 42; """ -
The attribute
via_celltypecan be used to implement a Verilog task or function by instantiating the specified cell type. The value is the name of the cell type to use. For functions the name of the output port can be specified by appending it to the cell type separated by a whitespace. The body of the task or function is unused in this case and can be used to specify a behavioral model of the cell type for simulation. For example:module my_add3(A, B, C, Y); parameter WIDTH = 8; input [WIDTH-1:0] A, B, C; output [WIDTH-1:0] Y; ... endmodule module top; ... (* via_celltype = "my_add3 Y" *) (* via_celltype_defparam_WIDTH = 32 *) function [31:0] add3; input [31:0] A, B, C; begin add3 = A + B + C; end endfunction ... endmodule -
The
wiretypeattribute is added by the verilog parser for wires of a typedef'd type to indicate the type identifier. -
Various
enum_value_{value}attributes are added to wires of an enumerated type to give a map of possible enum items to their values. -
The
enum_base_typeattribute is added to enum items to indicate which enum they belong to (enums -- anonymous and otherwise -- are automatically named with an auto-incrementing counter). Note that enums are currently not strongly typed. -
A limited subset of DPI-C functions is supported. The plugin mechanism (see
help plugin) can be used to load .so files with implementations of DPI-C routines. As a non-standard extension it is possible to specify a plugin alias using the<alias>:syntax. For example:module dpitest; import "DPI-C" function foo:round = real my_round (real); parameter real r = my_round(12.345); endmodule $ yosys -p 'plugin -a foo -i /lib/libm.so; read_verilog dpitest.v' -
Sized constants (the syntax
<size>'s?[bodh]<value>) support constant expressions as<size>. If the expression is not a simple identifier, it must be put in parentheses. Examples:WIDTH'd42,(4+2)'b101010 -
The system tasks
$finish,$stopand$displayare supported in initial blocks in an unconditional context (only if/case statements on expressions over parameters and constant values are allowed). The intended use for this is synthesis-time DRC. -
There is limited support for converting
specify..endspecifystatements to special$specify2,$specify3, and$specrulecells, for use in blackboxes and whiteboxes. Useread_verilog -specifyto enable this functionality. (By default these blocks are ignored.)
-
Support for
assert,assume,restrict, andcoveris enabled whenread_verilogis called with-formal. -
The system task
$initstateevaluates to 1 in the initial state and to 0 otherwise. -
The system function
$anyconstevaluates to any constant value. This is equivalent to declaring a reg asrand const, but also works outside of checkers. (Yosys also supportsrand constoutside checkers.) -
The system function
$anyseqevaluates to any value, possibly a different value in each cycle. This is equivalent to declaring a reg asrand, but also works outside of checkers. (Yosys also supportsrandvariables outside checkers.) -
The system functions
$allconstand$allseqcan be used to construct formal exist-forall problems. Assumptions only hold if the trace satisfies the assumption for all$allconst/$allseqvalues. For assertions and cover statements it is sufficient if just one$allconst/$allseqvalue triggers the property (similar to$anyconst/$anyseq). -
Wires/registers declared using the
anyconst/anyseq/allconst/allseqattribute (for example(* anyconst *) reg [7:0] foobar;) will behave as if driven by a$anyconst/$anyseq/$allconst/$allseqfunction. -
The SystemVerilog tasks
$past,$stable,$roseand$fellare supported in any clocked block. -
The syntax
@($global_clock)can be used to create FFs that have no explicit clock input ($ffcells). The same can be achieved by using@(posedge <netname>)or@(negedge <netname>)when<netname>is marked with the(* gclk *)Verilog attribute.
When read_verilog is called with -sv, it accepts some language features
from SystemVerilog:
-
The
assertstatement from SystemVerilog is supported in its most basic form. In module context:assert property (<expression>);and within an always block:assert(<expression>);. It is transformed to an$assertcell. -
The
assume,restrict, andcoverstatements from SystemVerilog are also supported. The same limitations as with theassertstatement apply. -
The keywords
always_comb,always_ffandalways_latch,logicandbitare supported. -
Declaring free variables with
randandrand constis supported. -
Checkers without a port list that do not need to be instantiated (but instead behave like a named block) are supported.
-
SystemVerilog packages are supported. Once a SystemVerilog file is read into a design with
read_verilog, all its packages are available to SystemVerilog files being read into the same design afterwards. -
typedefs are supported (including inside packages)
- type casts are currently not supported
-
enums are supported (including inside packages)
- but are currently not strongly typed
-
packed structs and unions are supported.
-
SystemVerilog interfaces (SVIs) are supported. Modports for specifying whether ports are inputs or outputs are supported.
Note that there is no need to build the manual if you just want to read it. Simply download the PDF from https://yosyshq.net/yosys/documentation.html instead.
On Ubuntu, texlive needs these packages to be able to build the manual:
sudo apt-get install texlive-binaries
sudo apt-get install texlive-science # install algorithm2e.sty
sudo apt-get install texlive-bibtex-extra # gets multibib.sty
sudo apt-get install texlive-fonts-extra # gets skull.sty and dsfont.sty
sudo apt-get install texlive-publishers # IEEEtran.cls
Also the non-free font luximono should be installed, there is unfortunately
no Ubuntu package for this so it should be installed separately using
getnonfreefonts:
wget https://tug.org/fonts/getnonfreefonts/install-getnonfreefonts
sudo texlua install-getnonfreefonts # will install to /usr/local by default, can be changed by editing BINDIR at MANDIR at the top of the script
getnonfreefonts luximono # installs to /home/user/texmf
Then execute, from the root of the repository:
make manual
Notes:
- To run
make manualyou need to have installed Yosys withmake install, otherwise it will fail on findingkernel/yosys.hwhile buildingPRESENTATION_Prog.