This is the USB Attached SCSI kernel module for Synology NASes.
In case you have external USB hard disks that support UASP connected to your Synology NAS, this driver will improve the read/write performance.
You may also be interested in my other projects:
- RTL8152/RTL8153/RTL8156(2.5Gbps or 1.0Gbps ethernet) driver package for Synology NASes
- AQC111U(5Gbps ethernet) driver package for Synology NASes
USB Attached SCSI (UAS) or USB Attached SCSI Protocol (UASP) is a protocol used to move data to and from USB storage devices such as hard drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and thumb drives. UAS depends on the USB protocol and uses the standard SCSI command set. The use of UAS generally provides faster transfers compared to the older USB Mass Storage Bulk-Only Transport (BOT) drivers.
With UAS, the read/write speed of mainly fine-grained files, so-called IOPS, is dramatically higher than with a conventional BOT. UAS also takes advantage of USB 3's ability to operate in a full duplex, which is advantageous when mixing both read and write operations on SSDs.
For simple sequential read/write access, there is little difference.
See Wikipedia for a detailed explanation and the actual benchmark described below.
- DSM 7.2
- apollolake based products
- DS918+ (confirmed working)
- DS620slim
- DS1019+
- DS718+
- DS418play
- DS218+
You can download drivers including other platforms from the Release page and determine a proper driver for your model from this page, but you might encounter some issues with unconfirmed platforms.
Beta notice: Currently this driver only supports apollolake and geminilake.
This driver supports all UASP-enabled storage devices. However, many UASP interoperability issues have been reported in Linux. So the number of devices that work reliably may be limited.
These devices have been proven to perform better with UASP and operate stably for longer periods of time.
- Kuroutoshikou GW3.5AM-SU3G2P (JMS580, Japan only)
These devices support UASP and are equipped with relatively new chips. Theoretically, they work, but we are collecting reports on their stability.
- UGREEN External Hard Drive Enclosure (ASM225CM)
- ORICO USB 3.0 External Hard Drive Enclosure (JMS578)
- StarTech.com USB 3.1 - 10Gbps - Hard Drive Adapter Cable (USB312SAT3) (ASM1153E)
Other UASP-compatible devices can be found here.
Please note that this driver will not be loaded when USB storage devices are mounted for safety. To ensure the successful installation and execution of the driver, please eject all USB storage devices from the control panel before proceeding.
The reason is that this UAS driver replaces the stock USB storage driver. Therefore, the stock USB storage driver will be unloaded once before the UAS driver is loaded. To avoid unintended disconnection of the USB storage, the Run/Stop operation of the driver is not performed while the USB storage is mounted.
Enable SSH and login your NAS.
- Go to "Package Center"
- Press "Manual Install"
- Choose a driver package downloaded from the release page.
- [DSM7] The installation will fail the first time. After that, run the following command from the SSH terminal:
sudo install -m 4755 -o root -D /var/packages/uas/target/uas/spk_su /opt/sbin/spk_su
- [DSM7] Retry installation.
- You don't need the above DSM7-specific steps at the next time.
https://www.synology.com/en-us/knowledgebase/SRM/help/SRM/PkgManApp/install_buy
Run lsusb -i to verify that the uas driver is used instead of the usb-storage driver for the desired storage device.
The usb-storage (BOT) driver is used.
|__usb2 1d6b:0003:0404 09 3.00 5000MBit/s 0mA 1IF (Linux 4.4.302+ xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller 0000:00:15.0) hub
|__2-2 152d:0580:7501 00 3.20 5000MBit/s 8mA 1IF (Kuroutoshikou GW3.5AM-SU3G2P 37518000XXXX)
2-2:1.0 (IF) 08:06:50 2EPs () usb-storage host17 (sdq)
The uas (UAS) driver is used.
|__usb2 1d6b:0003:0404 09 3.00 5000MBit/s 0mA 1IF (Linux 4.4.302+ xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller 0000:00:15.0) hub
|__2-2 152d:0580:7501 00 3.20 5000MBit/s 8mA 1IF (Kuroutoshikou GW3.5AM-SU3G2P 37518000XXXX)
2-2:1.0 (IF) 08:06:62 4EPs () uas host25 (sdq)
Also, make sure that the device is connected via USB 3 by 3.20 5000MBit/s.
Thanks to UASP can issue native commands, S.M.A.R.T can be used as is. However, DSM cannot perform S.M.A.R.T diagnostics for external storage, so smartctl must be used. For this, use the following command.
smartctl -a -d sat /dev/sdq1
USB storage is attached and mounted using the stock USB storage driver at system startup. The UAS driver is then loaded afterward.
Because of this order, the loading process of the UAS driver is skipped even if the UAS driver package is set to auto-run.
As a workaround, eject the USB storage and restart the driver package manually when the system is rebooted.
- DS918+ (16 GB RAM, USB 3.2 Gen1x1 5Gbps)
- DSM 7.2-64570 Update 3
- Kuroutoshikou GW3.5AM-SU3G2P (JMicron JMS580 / USB 3.2 Gen2x1 10Gbps)
- Seagate IronWolf 16TB ST16000VN001 (210 MB/s, 256 MB cache, 7200 rpm)
- fio 3.29 installed by Entware opkg
For the parameters given to fio, I used those used to measure the performance of persistent disks on Google Cloud Platform.
benchmark.sh
#!/bin/sh
set -eux
fio --name=write_throughput --directory=. --numjobs=8 \
--size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio \
--direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=1M --iodepth=64 --rw=write \
--group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=64 \
--iodepth_batch_complete_max=64
fio --name=write_iops --directory=. --size=10G \
--time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 \
--verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randwrite --group_reporting=1 \
--iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
fio --name=read_throughput --directory=. --numjobs=8 \
--size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio \
--direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=1M --iodepth=64 --rw=read \
--group_reporting=1 \
--iodepth_batch_submit=64 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=64
echo -----
fio --name=read_iops --directory=. --size=10G \
--time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 \
--verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randread --group_reporting=1 \
--iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
fio --name=rw_iops --directory=. --size=10G \
--time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 \
--verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randrw --group_reporting=1 \
--iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
- write_throughput: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
- BOT: IOPS=182, BW=190MiB/s (200MB/s)(11.4GiB/61487msec); 0 zone resets
- UAS: IOPS=187, BW=196MiB/s (206MB/s)(11.8GiB/61512msec); 0 zone resets
- write_iops: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
- BOT: IOPS=727, BW=2926KiB/s (2997kB/s)(172MiB/60238msec); 0 zone resets
- UAS: IOPS=747, BW=3005KiB/s (3078kB/s)(176MiB/60084msec); 0 zone resets
- read_throughput: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
- BOT: IOPS=182, BW=190MiB/s (200MB/s)(11.4GiB/61115msec)
- UAS: IOPS=178, BW=186MiB/s (195MB/s)(11.4GiB/62641msec)
- read_iops: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
- BOT: IOPS=192, BW=786KiB/s (805kB/s)(46.6MiB/60765msec)
- UAS: IOPS=608, BW=2452KiB/s (2510kB/s)(144MiB/60306msec)
- rw_iops: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
- BOT:
- read: IOPS=141, BW=574KiB/s (588kB/s)(33.9MiB/60439msec)
- write: IOPS=140, BW=570KiB/s (584kB/s)(33.7MiB/60439msec); 0 zone resets
- UAS:
- read: IOPS=290, BW=1169KiB/s (1197kB/s)(68.9MiB/60412msec)
- write: IOPS=289, BW=1168KiB/s (1196kB/s)(68.9MiB/60412msec); 0 zone resets
- BOT:
BOT
+ fio --name=write_throughput --directory=. --numjobs=8 --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=1M --iodepth=64 --rw=write --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=64 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=64
write_throughput: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
...
fio-3.29
Starting 8 threads
write_throughput: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
write_throughput: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
write_throughput: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
write_throughput: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
write_throughput: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
write_throughput: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
write_throughput: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
write_throughput: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
Jobs: 6 (f=6): [W(6),_(2)][35.1%][w=82.0MiB/s][w=82 IOPS][eta 02m:00s]
write_throughput: (groupid=0, jobs=8): err= 0: pid=28746: Sat Oct 28 17:04:29 2023
write: IOPS=182, BW=190MiB/s (200MB/s)(11.4GiB/61487msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=207, max=3019.6k, avg=1903467.45, stdev=683391.87
clat (usec): min=10, max=3112.3k, avg=511995.83, stdev=786204.39
lat (msec): min=137, max=5893, avg=2380.43, stdev=749.29
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 12], 5.00th=[ 14], 10.00th=[ 16],
| 20.00th=[ 18], 30.00th=[ 19], 40.00th=[ 21],
| 50.00th=[ 26], 60.00th=[ 156238], 70.00th=[ 608175],
| 80.00th=[1061159], 90.00th=[1837106], 95.00th=[2466251],
| 99.00th=[2801796], 99.50th=[2868904], 99.90th=[3003122],
| 99.95th=[3036677], 99.99th=[3036677]
bw ( KiB/s): min=936101, max=1032192, per=100.00%, avg=994801.94, stdev=2734.42, samples=186
iops : min= 912, max= 1008, avg=971.13, stdev= 2.70, samples=186
lat (usec) : 20=37.01%, 50=16.08%, 250=0.51%, 500=1.55%, 750=0.48%
lat (msec) : 20=0.04%, 50=0.07%, 100=0.46%, 250=4.49%, 500=6.45%
lat (msec) : 750=6.19%, 1000=5.84%, 2000=12.88%, >=2000=8.21%
cpu : usr=0.26%, sys=0.22%, ctx=3555, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=8.0%, 8=20.6%, 16=22.9%, 32=44.6%, >=64=1.1%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=7.2%, 8=7.2%, 16=14.4%, 32=20.3%, 64=50.8%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=2.0%, 8=0.5%, 16=1.0%, 32=0.5%, 64=96.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,11193,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=190MiB/s (200MB/s), 190MiB/s-190MiB/s (200MB/s-200MB/s), io=11.4GiB (12.3GB), run=61487-61487msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=0/105756, merge=0/1378, ticks=0/10813223, in_queue=10819660, util=99.76%
+ fio --name=write_iops --directory=. --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randwrite --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
write_iops: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
fio-3.29
Starting 1 thread
write_iops: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=3335KiB/s][w=833 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
write_iops: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=29850: Sat Oct 28 17:05:32 2023
write: IOPS=727, BW=2926KiB/s (2997kB/s)(172MiB/60238msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=17, max=1100.1k, avg=148673.95, stdev=140363.23
clat (usec): min=10, max=1769.8k, avg=193891.44, stdev=224609.75
lat (msec): min=3, max=1937, avg=342.52, stdev=251.71
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 26], 5.00th=[ 34], 10.00th=[ 36],
| 20.00th=[ 44], 30.00th=[ 38536], 40.00th=[ 117965],
| 50.00th=[ 160433], 60.00th=[ 166724], 70.00th=[ 208667],
| 80.00th=[ 325059], 90.00th=[ 484443], 95.00th=[ 658506],
| 99.00th=[1035994], 99.50th=[1132463], 99.90th=[1384121],
| 99.95th=[1484784], 99.99th=[1686111]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 856, max= 5752, per=100.00%, avg=3049.65, stdev=852.07, samples=115
iops : min= 214, max= 1438, avg=762.25, stdev=213.04, samples=115
lat (usec) : 20=0.21%, 50=23.81%, 100=2.08%, 250=0.13%, 500=0.18%
lat (usec) : 750=0.09%, 1000=0.01%
lat (msec) : 2=0.02%, 4=0.17%, 10=0.51%, 20=0.44%, 50=6.37%
lat (msec) : 100=5.48%, 250=32.96%, 500=19.27%, 750=4.81%, 1000=2.58%
lat (msec) : 2000=1.17%
cpu : usr=0.24%, sys=1.21%, ctx=1552, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=99.9%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=8.1%, 8=4.6%, 16=6.5%, 32=7.4%, 64=11.7%, >=64=61.7%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=9.6%, 8=0.3%, 16=0.3%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.3%, >=64=89.6%
issued rwts: total=0,43813,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=256
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=2926KiB/s (2997kB/s), 2926KiB/s-2926KiB/s (2997kB/s-2997kB/s), io=172MiB (181MB), run=60238-60238msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=0/46086, merge=0/3425, ticks=0/8986953, in_queue=9016725, util=99.90%
+ fio --name=read_throughput --directory=. --numjobs=8 --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=1M --iodepth=64 --rw=read --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=64 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=64
read_throughput: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
...
fio-3.29
Starting 8 threads
Jobs: 8 (f=8): [R(8)][14.2%][r=242MiB/s][r=242 IOPS][eta 06m:28s]
read_throughput: (groupid=0, jobs=8): err= 0: pid=5321: Sat Oct 28 17:12:57 2023
read: IOPS=182, BW=190MiB/s (200MB/s)(11.4GiB/61115msec)
slat (usec): min=291, max=2813.2k, avg=1915921.31, stdev=647683.73
clat (usec): min=10, max=2882.9k, avg=534491.06, stdev=820259.87
lat (msec): min=163, max=5360, avg=2416.82, stdev=716.99
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 12], 5.00th=[ 14], 10.00th=[ 15],
| 20.00th=[ 17], 30.00th=[ 18], 40.00th=[ 20],
| 50.00th=[ 23], 60.00th=[ 170918], 70.00th=[ 666895],
| 80.00th=[1115685], 90.00th=[1988101], 95.00th=[2600469],
| 99.00th=[2701132], 99.50th=[2734687], 99.90th=[2835350],
| 99.95th=[2835350], 99.99th=[2868904]
bw ( KiB/s): min=973368, max=1008366, per=100.00%, avg=990495.48, stdev=1324.00, samples=184
iops : min= 948, max= 984, avg=967.00, stdev= 1.32, samples=184
lat (usec) : 20=40.52%, 50=16.03%, 500=0.51%
lat (msec) : 50=0.06%, 100=0.19%, 250=4.10%, 500=6.95%, 750=3.78%
lat (msec) : 1000=4.50%, 2000=13.99%, >=2000=9.60%
cpu : usr=0.01%, sys=0.23%, ctx=3163, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=4.6%, 8=24.7%, 16=22.4%, 32=40.9%, >=64=4.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=7.1%, 8=7.4%, 16=13.0%, 32=22.4%, 64=50.1%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=3.5%, 8=0.5%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=96.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=11123,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=190MiB/s (200MB/s), 190MiB/s-190MiB/s (200MB/s-200MB/s), io=11.4GiB (12.2GB), run=61115-61115msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=104417/4, merge=0/1, ticks=9288673/45, in_queue=9295130, util=99.99%
+ fio --name=read_iops --directory=. --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randread --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
read_iops: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
fio-3.29
Starting 1 thread
read_iops: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [r(1)][0.5%][r=1025KiB/s][r=256 IOPS][eta 03h:44m:39s]
read_iops: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=7302: Sat Oct 28 17:14:50 2023
read: IOPS=192, BW=786KiB/s (805kB/s)(46.6MiB/60765msec)
slat (msec): min=279, max=743, avg=499.59, stdev=168.61
clat (usec): min=16, max=2878.0k, avg=779571.39, stdev=616567.02
lat (msec): min=279, max=3339, avg=1278.97, stdev=611.45
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 19], 5.00th=[ 36], 10.00th=[ 45],
| 20.00th=[ 67], 30.00th=[ 333448], 40.00th=[ 624952],
| 50.00th=[ 666895], 60.00th=[ 935330], 70.00th=[1035994],
| 80.00th=[1333789], 90.00th=[1652556], 95.00th=[1954546],
| 99.00th=[2264925], 99.50th=[2332034], 99.90th=[2399142],
| 99.95th=[2432697], 99.99th=[2768241]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 768, max= 1034, per=100.00%, avg=1016.53, stdev=45.32, samples=93
iops : min= 192, max= 258, avg=253.98, stdev=11.32, samples=93
lat (usec) : 20=1.26%, 50=16.80%, 100=2.40%
lat (msec) : 500=16.18%, 750=23.07%, 1000=7.32%, 2000=30.78%, >=2000=3.29%
cpu : usr=0.06%, sys=0.12%, ctx=493, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=100.8%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=32.8%, >=64=67.2%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=100.0%
issued rwts: total=11682,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=256
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=786KiB/s (805kB/s), 786KiB/s-786KiB/s (805kB/s-805kB/s), io=46.6MiB (48.9MB), run=60765-60765msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=12317/4, merge=1/1, ticks=9018565/163, in_queue=9023575, util=99.90%
+ fio --name=rw_iops --directory=. --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randrw --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
rw_iops: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
fio-3.29
Starting 1 thread
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][0.7%][r=264KiB/s,w=248KiB/s][r=66,w=62 IOPS][eta 02h:34m:14s]
rw_iops: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=29297: Sun Oct 29 12:00:26 2023
read: IOPS=141, BW=574KiB/s (588kB/s)(33.9MiB/60439msec)
slat (usec): min=46, max=1184.6k, avg=405646.76, stdev=229004.84
clat (usec): min=13, max=2429.1k, avg=489209.95, stdev=482026.99
lat (msec): min=87, max=2893, avg=894.68, stdev=516.64
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 26], 5.00th=[ 36], 10.00th=[ 37],
| 20.00th=[ 47], 30.00th=[ 90702], 40.00th=[ 333448],
| 50.00th=[ 396362], 60.00th=[ 455082], 70.00th=[ 683672],
| 80.00th=[ 868221], 90.00th=[1216349], 95.00th=[1468007],
| 99.00th=[1887437], 99.50th=[1971323], 99.90th=[2197816],
| 99.95th=[2332034], 99.99th=[2432697]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 320, max= 1162, per=100.00%, avg=650.14, stdev=239.00, samples=105
iops : min= 80, max= 290, avg=162.48, stdev=59.71, samples=105
write: IOPS=140, BW=570KiB/s (584kB/s)(33.7MiB/60439msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=56, max=1184.6k, avg=396779.43, stdev=219027.80
clat (usec): min=12, max=2429.1k, avg=480735.80, stdev=482024.67
lat (msec): min=71, max=2893, avg=877.38, stdev=518.27
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 23], 5.00th=[ 36], 10.00th=[ 37],
| 20.00th=[ 46], 30.00th=[ 89654], 40.00th=[ 320865],
| 50.00th=[ 387974], 60.00th=[ 446694], 70.00th=[ 666895],
| 80.00th=[ 859833], 90.00th=[1199571], 95.00th=[1468007],
| 99.00th=[1887437], 99.50th=[2004878], 99.90th=[2197816],
| 99.95th=[2231370], 99.99th=[2432697]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 408, max= 1136, per=100.00%, avg=648.52, stdev=233.11, samples=105
iops : min= 102, max= 284, avg=162.06, stdev=58.23, samples=105
lat (usec) : 20=0.32%, 50=24.88%, 100=3.35%, 250=0.45%
lat (msec) : 50=0.11%, 100=2.55%, 250=4.85%, 500=27.70%, 750=9.60%
lat (msec) : 1000=11.73%, 2000=14.82%, >=2000=0.41%
cpu : usr=0.09%, sys=0.22%, ctx=661, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=100.7%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=0.5%, 8=11.6%, 16=9.5%, 32=3.0%, 64=8.0%, >=64=67.3%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=100.0%
issued rwts: total=8545,8493,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=256
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=574KiB/s (588kB/s), 574KiB/s-574KiB/s (588kB/s-588kB/s), io=33.9MiB (35.5MB), run=60439-60439msec
WRITE: bw=570KiB/s (584kB/s), 570KiB/s-570KiB/s (584kB/s-584kB/s), io=33.7MiB (35.3MB), run=60439-60439msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=8941/8957, merge=0/13, ticks=4548190/4406598, in_queue=9016782, util=99.90%
UAS
+ fio --name=write_throughput --directory=. --numjobs=8 --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=1M --iodepth=64 --rw=write --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=64 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=64
write_throughput: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
...
fio-3.29
Starting 8 threads
Jobs: 4 (f=4): [_(3),W(1),_(1),W(3)][21.2%][w=266MiB/s][w=266 IOPS][eta 04m:01s]
write_throughput: (groupid=0, jobs=8): err= 0: pid=21679: Sun Oct 29 10:58:16 2023
write: IOPS=187, BW=196MiB/s (206MB/s)(11.8GiB/61512msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=124, max=3321.9k, avg=1524123.99, stdev=732852.58
clat (usec): min=12, max=3324.5k, avg=824422.18, stdev=973069.16
lat (msec): min=303, max=5113, avg=2342.02, stdev=984.54
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 15], 5.00th=[ 16], 10.00th=[ 17],
| 20.00th=[ 19], 30.00th=[ 23], 40.00th=[ 1188],
| 50.00th=[ 350225], 60.00th=[ 692061], 70.00th=[1484784],
| 80.00th=[1870660], 90.00th=[2231370], 95.00th=[2667578],
| 99.00th=[3170894], 99.50th=[3204449], 99.90th=[3338666],
| 99.95th=[3338666], 99.99th=[3338666]
bw ( KiB/s): min=612992, max=999424, per=100.00%, avg=794826.45, stdev=11157.01, samples=243
iops : min= 598, max= 976, avg=775.95, stdev=10.91, samples=243
lat (usec) : 20=25.12%, 50=10.75%, 100=0.07%, 250=1.77%, 500=0.60%
lat (usec) : 750=0.59%, 1000=1.27%
lat (msec) : 2=5.52%, 4=2.58%, 250=0.38%, 500=6.24%, 750=5.91%
lat (msec) : 1000=1.79%, 2000=23.54%, >=2000=14.97%
cpu : usr=0.25%, sys=0.14%, ctx=1135, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=2.8%, 8=1.7%, 16=26.0%, 32=67.6%, >=64=2.8%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=6.9%, 8=6.2%, 16=16.4%, 32=28.7%, 64=41.8%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.4%, 16=0.4%, 32=2.0%, 64=97.
7352
2%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,11550,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=196MiB/s (206MB/s), 196MiB/s-196MiB/s (206MB/s-206MB/s), io=11.8GiB (12.6GB), run=61512-61512msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=0/24806, merge=0/24, ticks=0/9194404, in_queue=9221649, util=99.63%
+ fio --name=write_iops --directory=. --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randwrite --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
write_iops: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
fio-3.29
Starting 1 thread
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=3011KiB/s][w=752 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
write_iops: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=22682: Sun Oct 29 10:59:18 2023
write: IOPS=747, BW=3005KiB/s (3078kB/s)(176MiB/60084msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=57, max=1145.1k, avg=141624.61, stdev=142026.06
clat (usec): min=7, max=1660.8k, avg=189729.16, stdev=214179.69
lat (msec): min=4, max=1826, avg=331.83, stdev=249.23
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 28], 5.00th=[ 35], 10.00th=[ 36],
| 20.00th=[ 14091], 30.00th=[ 82314], 40.00th=[ 152044],
| 50.00th=[ 156238], 60.00th=[ 160433], 70.00th=[ 183501],
| 80.00th=[ 304088], 90.00th=[ 350225], 95.00th=[ 566232],
| 99.00th=[1115685], 99.50th=[1182794], 99.90th=[1384121],
| 99.95th=[1484784], 99.99th=[1619002]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 896, max= 6144, per=100.00%, avg=3358.26, stdev=941.82, samples=107
iops : min= 224, max= 1536, avg=839.46, stdev=235.49, samples=107
lat (usec) : 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=18.61%, 100=0.57%, 250=0.09%
lat (msec) : 4=0.13%, 10=0.14%, 20=1.09%, 50=5.36%, 100=4.89%
lat (msec) : 250=44.91%, 500=18.98%, 750=1.68%, 1000=1.73%, 2000=2.11%
cpu : usr=0.22%, sys=1.00%, ctx=1531, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=100.4%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=5.5%, 8=2.8%, 16=2.5%, 32=9.5%, 64=13.0%, >=64=66.7%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=100.0%
issued rwts: total=0,44889,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=256
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=3005KiB/s (3078kB/s), 3005KiB/s-3005KiB/s (3078kB/s-3078kB/s), io=176MiB (185MB), run=60084-60084msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=0/46020, merge=0/21, ticks=0/8699270, in_queue=8998243, util=99.90%
+ fio --name=read_throughput --directory=. --numjobs=8 --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=1M --iodepth=64 --rw=read --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=64 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=64
read_throughput: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
...
fio-3.29
Starting 8 threads
Jobs: 7 (f=7): [R(3),_(1),R(4)][52.8%][r=177MiB/s][r=177 IOPS][eta 00m:58s]
read_throughput: (groupid=0, jobs=8): err= 0: pid=23660: Sun Oct 29 11:00:24 2023
read: IOPS=178, BW=186MiB/s (195MB/s)(11.4GiB/62641msec)
slat (usec): min=89, max=2904.8k, avg=1610604.80, stdev=640530.74
clat (usec): min=13, max=2835.1k, avg=829009.40, stdev=959964.01
lat (msec): min=658, max=5113, avg=2402.85, stdev=912.91
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 15], 5.00th=[ 16], 10.00th=[ 17],
| 20.00th=[ 18], 30.00th=[ 20], 40.00th=[ 562],
| 50.00th=[ 1045], 60.00th=[ 725615], 70.00th=[2088764],
| 80.00th=[2122318], 90.00th=[2164261], 95.00th=[2164261],
| 99.00th=[2231370], 99.50th=[2264925], 99.90th=[2298479],
| 99.95th=[2298479], 99.99th=[2835350]
bw ( KiB/s): min=620884, max=945086, per=100.00%, avg=787378.69, stdev=6960.73, samples=238
iops : min= 606, max= 922, avg=768.35, stdev= 6.79, samples=238
lat (usec) : 20=31.23%, 50=5.32%, 100=0.22%, 250=0.47%, 500=2.55%
lat (usec) : 750=5.94%, 1000=4.27%
lat (msec) : 2=1.87%, 500=0.39%, 750=10.91%, 1000=1.20%, 2000=4.63%
lat (msec) : >=2000=31.52%
cpu : usr=0.01%, sys=0.16%, ctx=833, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.6%, 8=0.0%, 16=31.5%, 32=63.7%, >=64=0.6%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=3.9%, 8=11.1%, 16=11.8%, 32=28.3%, 64=44.8%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.4%, 16=1.2%, 32=1.6%, 64=96.8%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=11159,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=186MiB/s (195MB/s), 186MiB/s-186MiB/s (195MB/s-195MB/s), io=11.4GiB (12.2GB), run=62641-62641msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=23281/3, merge=0/1, ticks=9275850/212, in_queue=9300474, util=99.93%
+ fio --name=read_iops --directory=. --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randread --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
read_iops: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
fio-3.29
Starting 1 thread
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [r(1)][1.5%][r=2562KiB/s][r=640 IOPS][eta 01h:11m:20s]
read_iops: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=24696: Sun Oct 29 11:01:26 2023
read: IOPS=608, BW=2452KiB/s (2510kB/s)(144MiB/60306msec)
slat (usec): min=33, max=290520, avg=177304.73, stdev=62677.13
clat (usec): min=21, max=1080.7k, avg=234872.83, stdev=188632.97
lat (msec): min=124, max=1363, avg=412.15, stdev=185.81
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 25], 5.00th=[ 35], 10.00th=[ 36],
| 20.00th=[ 46], 30.00th=[ 175113], 40.00th=[ 191890],
| 50.00th=[ 202376], 60.00th=[ 221250], 70.00th=[ 283116],
| 80.00th=[ 400557], 90.00th=[ 467665], 95.00th=[ 608175],
| 99.00th=[ 792724], 99.50th=[ 826278], 99.90th=[ 910164],
| 99.95th=[1010828], 99.99th=[1061159]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 1603, max= 3080, per=99.85%, avg=2448.36, stdev=501.86, samples=120
iops : min= 398, max= 770, avg=612.07, stdev=125.50, samples=120
lat (usec) : 50=22.64%, 100=1.20%, 250=0.09%
lat (msec) : 100=0.04%, 250=43.60%, 500=24.16%, 750=7.34%, 1000=1.23%
lat (msec) : 2000=0.06%
cpu : usr=0.17%, sys=0.39%, ctx=1276, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=99.7%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=0.5%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=6.1%, 64=19.7%, >=64=73.7%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=100.0%
issued rwts: total=36706,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=256
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2452KiB/s (2510kB/s), 2452KiB/s-2452KiB/s (2510kB/s-2510kB/s), io=144MiB (151MB), run=60306-60306msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=38091/0, merge=2/0, ticks=8879246/0, in_queue=8886403, util=99.90%
+ fio --name=rw_iops --directory=. --size=10G --time_based --runtime=60s --ramp_time=2s --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --verify=0 --bs=4K --iodepth=256 --rw=randrw --group_reporting=1 --iodepth_batch_submit=256 --iodepth_batch_complete_max=256
rw_iops: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=256
fio-3.29
Starting 1 thread
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][1.4%][r=1773KiB/s,w=1809KiB/s][r=443,w=452 IOPS][eta 01h:14m:46s]
rw_iops: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=15910: Sun Oct 29 15:14:46 2023
read: IOPS=290, BW=1169KiB/s (1197kB/s)(68.9MiB/60412msec)
slat (usec): min=18, max=999896, avg=186673.75, stdev=162647.74
clat (usec): min=14, max=1723.5k, avg=280686.89, stdev=260561.18
lat (msec): min=34, max=1906, avg=467.41, stdev=295.39
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 32], 5.00th=[ 37], 10.00th=[ 39],
| 20.00th=[ 92799], 30.00th=[ 168821], 40.00th=[ 191890],
| 50.00th=[ 212861], 60.00th=[ 244319], 70.00th=[ 337642],
| 80.00th=[ 413139], 90.00th=[ 599786], 95.00th=[ 876610],
| 99.00th=[1199571], 99.50th=[1350566], 99.90th=[1518339],
| 99.95th=[1619002], 99.99th=[1702888]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 400, max= 2525, per=100.00%, avg=1285.28, stdev=413.35, samples=109
iops : min= 100, max= 631, avg=321.17, stdev=103.31, samples=109
write: IOPS=289, BW=1168KiB/s (1196kB/s)(68.9MiB/60412msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=47, max=999899, avg=184999.48, stdev=159017.06
clat (usec): min=10, max=1550.6k, avg=209625.84, stdev=250546.54
lat (msec): min=26, max=1793, avg=394.66, stdev=287.77
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 23], 5.00th=[ 32], 10.00th=[ 37],
| 20.00th=[ 39], 30.00th=[ 70], 40.00th=[ 105382],
| 50.00th=[ 179307], 60.00th=[ 198181], 70.00th=[ 231736],
| 80.00th=[ 346031], 90.00th=[ 467665], 95.00th=[ 750781],
| 99.00th=[1166017], 99.50th=[1283458], 99.90th=[1501561],
| 99.95th=[1518339], 99.99th=[1551893]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 384, max= 2605, per=100.00%, avg=1287.28, stdev=446.63, samples=109
iops : min= 96, max= 651, avg=321.67, stdev=111.62, samples=109
lat (usec) : 20=0.16%, 50=21.56%, 100=1.55%, 250=0.08%
lat (msec) : 20=0.14%, 50=1.11%, 100=5.29%, 250=38.07%, 500=21.22%
lat (msec) : 750=5.41%, 1000=2.88%, 2000=2.89%
cpu : usr=0.18%, sys=0.44%, ctx=1219, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths : 1=0.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=99.4%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=0.7%, 8=0.0%, 16=4.4%, 32=12.6%, 64=14.3%, >=64=67.9%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=100.0%
issued rwts: total=17527,17506,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=256
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1169KiB/s (1197kB/s), 1169KiB/s-1169KiB/s (1197kB/s-1197kB/s), io=68.9MiB (72.3MB), run=60412-60412msec
WRITE: bw=1168KiB/s (1196kB/s), 1168KiB/s-1168KiB/s (1196kB/s-1196kB/s), io=68.9MiB (72.3MB), run=60412-60412msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdq: ios=18351/18401, merge=2/13, ticks=4993597/3839753, in_queue=8854692, util=99.90%
```
</details>