by Jason YY Lin
This simple demo aims to give an instruction to build an DApp by creating straight-forward calculator function.
This framework has 2 main components:
- on-chain base layer (such as Ethereum): where the dApp contract is deployed
- off-chain execution layer: where the dApp's backend logic operates
- Cartesi Rollups: A set of on-chain (rollups contracts) and off-chain (rollups node) components
- Cartesi Machine: A Linux VM based on RISC-V, serving dApp's backend
- Backend: As standard Linux app
- Frontend: Web App or CLI
This is an dispute resolution algo base on Permissionless Refereed Tournaments:
https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.12439
In a nutshell, this approach, where the resources required to defend against disputes grow logarithmically with the number of opponents:
https://github.com/cartesi/dave
# env
# WSL2 with docker desktop on Windows
# Docker RISC-V support
docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install all
# nvm
# https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm?tab=readme-ov-file#installing-and-updating
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.1/install.sh | bash
# in lieu of restarting the shell
\. "$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh"
command -v nvm
# Node.js (v22.14.0 LTS)
# https://nodejs.org/en/download
nvm install 22
node -v
nvm current
npm -v
# Cartesi CLI
npm i -g @cartesi/cli
# NoNodo
# https://github.com/Calindra/nonodo?_gl=1*1fxtcs4*_ga*NDMyMDU4MjU3LjE3NDEzNjI0OTk.*_ga_T83Y2T80M9*MTc0MTQyNDE1Ni40LjEuMTc0MTQyNzA2MC4wLjAuMA..
export ANVIL_TAG=nightly-2cdbfaca634b284084d0f86357623aef7a0d2ce3
npm i -g nonodo
nonodo# app backend skaffold
cartesi create dapp-calculator --template python
# write code
# build docker based app (compiles into RISC-V arch)
cd dapp-calculator
cartesi build
[+] Building 28.6s (16/16) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 1.17kB 0.0s
=> resolve image config for docker-image://docker.io/docker/dockerfile:1 8.1s
=> CACHED docker-image://docker.io/docker/dockerfile:1@sha256:4c68376a702446fc3c79af22de146a148bc3367e73c25a5803d453b6b3f722fb 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/cartesi/python:3.10-slim-jammy 4.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [2/8] ADD https://github.com/cartesi/machine-emulator-tools/releases/download/v0.14.1/machine-emulator-tools-v0.14.1.deb / 1.3s
=> [1/8] FROM docker.io/cartesi/python:3.10-slim-jammy@sha256:a60d99fcd98d563e633bd06d28e2be94c7da45f335691edd9cbf3a0830694638 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2.55kB 0.0s
=> CACHED [2/8] ADD https://github.com/cartesi/machine-emulator-tools/releases/download/v0.14.1/machine-emulator-tools-v0.14.1.deb / 0.0s
=> CACHED [3/8] RUN dpkg -i /machine-emulator-tools-v0.14.1.deb && rm /machine-emulator-tools-v0.14.1.deb 0.0s
=> CACHED [4/8] RUN <<EOF (set -e...) 0.0s
=> CACHED [5/8] WORKDIR /opt/cartesi/dapp 0.0s
=> [6/8] COPY ./requirements.txt . 0.0s
=> [7/8] RUN <<EOF (set -e...) 14.7s
=> [8/8] COPY ./dapp.py . 0.0s
=> exporting to image 0.0s
=> => exporting layers 0.0s
=> => writing image sha256:455cba2296977ed9e4b9f57957314447272464420a437e423ef9b067fbcb21b3 0.0s
1 warning found (use docker --debug to expand):
- FromPlatformFlagConstDisallowed: FROM --platform flag should not use constant value "linux/riscv64" (line 2)
copying from tar archive /tmp/input
.
/ \
/ \
\---/---\ /----\
\ X \
\----/ \---/---\
\ / CARTESI
\ / MACHINE
6DEF
'
[INFO rollup_http_server] starting http dispatcher service...
[INFO rollup_http_server::http_service] starting http dispatcher http service!
[INFO actix_server::builder] starting 1 workers
[INFO actix_server::server] Actix runtime found; starting in Actix runtime
[INFO rollup_http_server::dapp_process] starting dapp: python3 dapp.py
INFO:__main__:HTTP rollup_server url is http://127.0.0.1:5004
INFO:__main__:Sending finish
Manual yield rx-accepted (0x100000000 data)
Cycles: 2896475264
2896475264: e9f80131143de60418202425791d24408641c35331590c1cde068af83d47b8e0
Storing machine: please wait
# run app (docker compose up)
cartesi run
Attaching to prompt-1, validator-1
validator-1 | 2025-03-08 13-11-59 info remote-cartesi-machine pid:144 ppid:85 Initializing server on localhost:0
prompt-1 | Anvil running at http://localhost:8545
prompt-1 | GraphQL running at http://localhost:8080/graphql
prompt-1 | Inspect running at http://localhost:8080/inspect/
prompt-1 | Explorer running at http://localhost:8080/explorer/
prompt-1 | Bundler running at http://localhost:8080/bundler/rpc
prompt-1 | Paymaster running at http://localhost:8080/paymaster/
prompt-1 | Press Ctrl+C to stop the node
# send inputs
cartesi send generic
> cartesi send generic
? Chain Foundry
? RPC URL http://127.0.0.1:8545
? Wallet Mnemonic
? Mnemonic test test test test test test test test test test test junk
? Account 0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266 9999.970671818064986684 ETH
? Application address 0xab7528bb862fb57e8a2bcd567a2e929a0be56a5e
? Input String encoding
? Input (as string) 1+7
✔ Input sent: 0xe2a2ba347659e53c53f3089ff3268255842c03bafbbf185375f94c7a78f3f98a
# receive outputs
# send generic will send a notice containing a payload to the Rollup Server's /notice endpoint
# Notice payloads will be returned in hexadecimal format,
# devs will need to decode these to convert them into plain text
# using: 'http://localhost:8080/graphql'
# query: all notices sent to the rollup server
query notices {
notices {
edges {
node {
index
input {
index
}
payload
}
}
}
}
# payload
{
"data": {
"notices": {
"edges": [
{
"node": {
"index": 0,
"input": {
"index": 0
},
"payload": "0x38"
}
}
]
}
}
}
# also, in container logs:
validator-1 | [INFO rollup_http_server::http_service] Received new request of type ADVANCE
validator-1 | [INFO actix_web::middleware::logger] 127.0.0.1 "POST /finish HTTP/1.1" 200 206 "-" "python-requests/2.31.0" 0.001664
validator-1 | INFO:__main__:Received finish status 200
validator-1 | INFO:__main__:Received advance request data {'metadata': {'msg_sender': '0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266', 'epoch_index': 0, 'input_index': 0, 'block_number': 93, 'timestamp': 1741439706}, 'payload': '0x312b37'}
validator-1 | INFO:__main__:Received input: 1+7
validator-1 | INFO:__main__:Adding notice with payload: '8'
validator-1 | [INFO actix_web::middleware::logger] 127.0.0.1 "POST /notice HTTP/1.1" 201 11 "-" "python-requests/2.31.0" 0.000896
validator-1 | INFO:__main__:Received notice status 201 body b'{"index":0}'
validator-1 | INFO:__main__:Sending finish