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6DOF-KFS

Kinematics Forward· Solver of 6 Degrees of Freedom

理论部分

概念

运动学正解,简而言之,就是给出6个关节变量,求得机械臂末端的位置和姿态 即给出j1 - j6​,求x,y,z,rx,ry,rz​

DH参数

只单一地给出关节值或直角坐标值,是不能直接互相转化的,还与具体的机器人有关,这部分有关的内容可以用DH参数表来表示,其描述了机器人各关节坐标系之间的关系

表中内容
连杆长度 (length) :2个相邻关节轴线之间的距离 连杆扭角 (angle) :2个相邻关节轴线之间的角度 连杆偏距 (d) :2个关节坐标系的X轴之间的距离

eg:UR5e

  • DH参数表
关节编号 legth(mm) d(mm) angle(deg)
1 0 162.5 90
2 -425 0 0
3 -392.2 0 0
4 0 133.3 90
5 0 99.7 -90
6 0 99.6 0

计算

根据DH参数表以及j1 - j6,建立6个关节矩阵A1-A6计算出转换矩阵T1-T6,计算A1-A6相乘得到矩阵R

$R = \begin{bmatrix} \text{rot}{3\times3} & P{3\times1} \ 0_{1\times3} & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$P_{3 \times 1} = (x, y, z)^T$

则求出R即求出x,y,z关节矩阵A1由当前的关节的j1和DH参数导出,设当前j1为$\beta$,legth为$l$,d为$d$,angle为$\alpha$

$A_i = \begin{bmatrix} \cos(\beta) & -\sin(\beta)\cos(\al 5A1B pha) & \sin(\beta)\sin(\alpha) & l\cos(\beta) \ \sin(\beta) & \cos(\beta)\cos(\alpha) & -\cos(\beta)\sin(\alpha) & l\sin(\beta) \ 0 & \sin(\alpha) & \cos(\alpha) & d \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$R=A_1A_2A_3A_4A_5A_6$

然后再求rx,ry,rz
$rot_{3 \times 3} = \begin{bmatrix} r_{00} & r_{01} & r_{02} \ r_{10} & r_{11} & r_{12} \ r_{20} & r_{21} & r_{22} \end{bmatrix}$

$rx = arctan(r[1][2], r[2][2])$

$ry = arctan(r[0][2], \sqrt{r[0][0] ^2 + r[0][1]^2})$

$rz = arctan(r[0][1], r[0][0])$

验证(UR5e)

j.txt: 57.3 57.3 57.3 57.3 57.3 57.3

输出:

x y z rx ry rz
174.032973 -75.257828 -464.848688 -106.158882 64.782997 67.592110

robodk C#API结果:

x y z rx ry rz
174.0 -75.3 -464.9 -106.2 64.8 67.6

参考资料:

6轴机器人运动学正解,逆解1
机器人导论 学习笔记2 - 运动学(正解
欧拉角,四元数,旋转矩阵相互转化(c++, python)

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